Fenchone

Formula: C₁₀H₁₆O
Molecular weight: 152.2334
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(3,6-7)8(9)11/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 126-21-6
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Species with the same structure:
Other names: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl-; 2-Norbornanone, 1,3,3-trimethyl-; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norbornanone; 1,3,3-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one; 1,3,3-Trimethylnorcamphor; Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-one,1,3,3-trimethyl; Fenchon; 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norcamphanone; dl-Fenchone; NSC 122687; (.+/-.)-Fenchone; NSC 8896; 18492-37-0; 126-21-6; 3,3-dimethyl-8,9-dinorbornan-2-one; l-fenchone
Information on this page:
Other data available:
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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5 MS	VF-5 MS	VF-5 MS	CP-Sil 5 CB	DB-1-MS
Column length (m)	30.	60.	60.	30.	60.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium	Nitrogen	Helium
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.26	0.25
T_start (C)	35.	30.	30.	45.	30.
T_end (C)	300.	260.	260.	280.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	2.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.				4.
Final hold (min)	15.	28.	28.	22.	35.
I	1084.	1090.	1091.	1069.	1063.
Reference	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	Mothana, Hasson, et al., 2011	Takeoka, Hobbs, et al., 2010
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5 MS	HP-5 MS	ZB-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	30.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	Helium	Helium	Helium		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	95.
T_end (C)	240.	230.	200.	220.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	4.	4.	4.
Initial hold (min)		10.		5.
Final hold (min)	7.	10.	20.	20.
I	1088.	1088.	1085.	1090.	1074.
Reference	Maridass, 2009	Adams, Beauchamp, et al., 2007	Araque, Rojas, et al., 2007	Mohottalage, Tabacchi, et al., 2007	Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	SE-52	DB-1	HP-5MS	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	50.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		Helium	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	95.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	240.	240.	280.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	4.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)
I	1075.	1087.	1081.	1052.	1089.
Reference	Salehi, Asghari, et al., 2007	Ozcan, Chalchat, et al., 2006	Pala-Paul J., Perez-Alonso M.J., et al., 2006	Pitarokili, Tzakou, et al., 2006	Sajjadi, 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	SPB-1	HP-1	DB-1	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	30.	50.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	250.	240.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	4.	2.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)		1.
Final hold (min)	10.	10.	60.
I	1073.	1057.	1075.	1060.	1087.
Reference	Sonboli, Mirjalili, et al., 2006	Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006	Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005	Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005	Malencic, Couladis, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 8 CB	DB-5	RSL-200	RSL-200	CP Sil 5 CB
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	25.
Carrier gas		He	H2	H2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.249	0.32	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.39
T_start (C)	50.	60.	40.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	200.	300.	280.	280.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	6.	6.	5.
Initial hold (min)	5.		5.	5.
Final hold (min)			5.	5.
I	1093.	1085.	1078.	1080.	1071.
Reference	Wang, Guo, et al., 2004	Woerdenbag, Windono, et al., 2004	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003, 2	Khanavi, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-1	DB-5	HP-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	50.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Helium	N2	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	95.	50.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	210.	240.	250.	275.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	4.	4.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)	60.		10.
I	1087.	1076.	1088.	1087.	1090.
Reference	Mookdasanit, Tamura, et al., 2003	Perez-Alonso, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2003	Zrira, Elamrani, et al., 2003	Ghannadi, Sajjadi, et al., 2002	Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-5	OV-101	DB-1	DB-5MS	DB-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	50.	60.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	250.	270.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	2.	4.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	3.		5.
Final hold (min)	10.
I	1099.	1066.	1070.	1086.	1086.
Reference	Kim and Lee, 2002	Orav, Kailas, et al., 2002	Yamini, Sefidkon, et al., 2002	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002	Cherchi, Deidda, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-101	HP-5 MS	SPB-1	HP-5	DB-1
Column length (m)	50.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	Helium	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25	0.2		0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	80.	80.	40.
T_end (C)	250.	250.	300.	200.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	5.	5.	9.	2.
Initial hold (min)		2.	3.		5.
Final hold (min)		5.		10.	2.
I	1064.	1078.	1088.	1083.	1067.
Reference	Orav and Kann, 2001	Shang, Hu, et al., 2001	Fraternale, Giamperi, et al., 2000	Lis-Balchin and Roth, 2000	Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-1	DB-5	HP-1	OV-101	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	30.	60.	25.	60.
Carrier gas	H2	He	He		He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.17	0.25	0.25		0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	50.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	260.	250.	280.	200.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	4.	5.	2.5
Initial hold (min)	5.	5.	5.		5.
Final hold (min)		60.
I	1058.	1069.	1086.	1080.	1076.
Reference	Lopes, Koketsu, et al., 1999	Porta, Porcedda, et al., 1999	Stashenko, Cervantes, et al., 1998	Zollo, Biyiti, et al., 1998	Stashenko, Puertas, et al., 1996
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	OV-1	Methyl Silicone	OV-101	OV-101	SE-54
Column length (m)	50.	25.	50.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	N2				Hydrogen
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.27	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.2				0.25
T_start (C)	80.	60.	80.	80.	60.
T_end (C)	240.	220.	200.	200.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	5.	2.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)					5.
Final hold (min)					2.
I	1072.	1075.	1072.	1072.	1083.
Reference	Ramanoelina, Viano, et al., 1994	Mallavarapu, Ramesh, et al., 1993	Tamura, Yang, et al., 1993	Tamura, Yang, et al., 1993	Kollmannsberger, Nitz, et al., 1992
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1
Column length (m)	25.
Carrier gas
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.33
Phase thickness (μm)
T_start (C)	45.
T_end (C)	180.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.
Initial hold (min)	3.
Final hold (min)
I	1067.
Reference	Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990
Comment	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Mothana, Hasson, et al., 2011
Mothana, R.A.A.; Hasson, S.S.; Schultze, W.; Mowitz, A.; Lindequist, U., Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of three endemic Soqotraen Boswellia species, Food Chem., 2011, 126, 3, 1149-1154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.150 . [all data]

Takeoka, Hobbs, et al., 2010
Takeoka, G.R.; Hobbs, C.; Byeoung-Soo, P., Volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Salvia apiana Jepson, J. Essential Oil. Res., 2010, 22, 3, 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700314 . [all data]

Maridass, 2009
Maridass, M., Inter-generic relationships of Ocimum and Origanum based on GC-MS volatile oils data using software NTSPSpc version 2.0, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2009, 13, 83-88. [all data]

Adams, Beauchamp, et al., 2007
Adams, R.P.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Dev, V.; Dutz, S.M., New Natural Products Isolated from One-Seeded Juniperus of the Southwestern United States: Isolation and Occurence of 2-Ethenyl-3-methyl Phanol and Its Derivatives, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2007, 19, 2, 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699247 . [all data]

Araque, Rojas, et al., 2007
Araque, M.; Rojas, L.B.; Usubillaga, A., Antibacterial activity of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare miller againts multiresistant gram-negative bacilli from nosocomial infections, Ciencia, 2007, 15, 3, 366-370. [all data]

Mohottalage, Tabacchi, et al., 2007
Mohottalage, S.; Tabacchi, R.; Guerin, P.M., Components from Sri Lankan Piper betle L. leaf oil and their analogues showing toxicity against the housefly, Musca domestica, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 2, 130-138, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1770 . [all data]

Pala-Paul, Brophy, et al., 2007
Pala-Paul, J.; Brophy, J.J.; Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Usano, J.; Soria, S.C., Essential oil composition of the different parts of Eryngium corniculatum Lam. (Apiaceae) from Spain, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1175, 2, 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.061 . [all data]

Salehi, Asghari, et al., 2007
Salehi, P.; Asghari, B.; Mohammadi, F., Hydrodistillation-Headspace Solvent Microextraction: An Efficient Method for Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Chromatographia, 2007, 65, 1-2, 119-122, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0102-9 . [all data]

Ozcan, Chalchat, et al., 2006
Ozcan, M.M.; Chalchat, J.-C.; Arslan, D.; Ates, A.; Unver, A., Comparative Essential Oil Composition and Antifungal Effect of Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) Fruit Oils Obtained During Different Vegetation, J. Medicinal Food, 2006, 9, 4, 552-561, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.552 . [all data]

Pala-Paul J., Perez-Alonso M.J., et al., 2006
Pala-Paul J.; Perez-Alonso M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela A.; Ballesteros M.T.; Sanz J., Essential oil composition of Sideritis hirsuta L. from Guadalajara Province, Spain, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 410-415, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1727 . [all data]

Pitarokili, Tzakou, et al., 2006
Pitarokili, D.; Tzakou, O.; Loukis, A., Essential oil composition of Salvia verticillata, S. verbenaca, S. glutinosa and S. candidissima growing wild in Greece, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 4, 670-673, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1647 . [all data]

Sajjadi, 2006
Sajjadi, S.E., Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated basil (Icimum basilicum L.) from Iran, DARU, 2006, 14, 3, 128-130. [all data]

Sonboli, Mirjalili, et al., 2006
Sonboli, A.; Mirjalili, M.H.; Yousefzadi, M., Antimicrobial activity and composition of the essential oil of Cymbopogon Olivieri (Boiss.) Bor from Iran, Iranian J. Pharm. Res., 2006, 1, 65-68. [all data]

Wong, Sivasothy, et al., 2006
Wong, K.C.; Sivasothy, Y.; Boey, P.L., Essential oil of Elettariopsis elan C.K. Lim, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 3, 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1654 . [all data]

Bendimerad and Bendiab, 2005
Bendimerad, N.; Bendiab, S.A.T., Composition and antibacterial activity of Pseudocytisus integrifolius (Salisb.) essential oil from Algeria, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 2947-2952, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047937u . [all data]

Velasco-Negueruela, Pérez-Alonso, et al., 2005
Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Iñigo, A.; López, G., The volatile oil composition of the berries of Juniperus macrocarpa Sibth. and Sm., gathered in Spain, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2005, 17, 1, 61-63, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698831 . [all data]

Malencic, Couladis, et al., 2004
Malencic, Dj.; Couladis, M.; Mimica-Dukic, N.; Popovic, M.; Boza, P., Essential oils of three Salvia species from the Pannonian part of Serbia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 225-228, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1291 . [all data]

Wang, Guo, et al., 2004
Wang, H.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, Z.; An, D., Fast analysis of volatile compounds in natural essences by automatic Static-Headspace-GC-MS, J. Instrum. Anal. (Chinese), 2004, 23, 1, 9-13. [all data]

Woerdenbag, Windono, et al., 2004
Woerdenbag, H.J.; Windono, T.; Bos, R.; Riswan, S.; Quax, W.J., Composition of the essential oils of Kaempferia rotunda L. and Kaempferia angustifolia Roscoe rhizomes from Indonesia, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 2, 145-148, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1284 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Shafi, M.P.; Kaniampady, M.M., Chemotaxonomical analysis of the essential oil aroma compounds of four different Ocimumspecies from southern India, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2003, 217, 2, 120-124, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-003-0708-1 . [all data]

Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2003, 2
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbauer, G.; Shafi, M.P.; Leela, N.K., Analysis of the essential oils of the leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots of the medicinal plant Alpinia galanga from southern India, Acta Pharm. Hung., 2003, 53, 73-81. [all data]

Khanavi, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 2003
Khanavi, M.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Shafiee, A.; Masoudi, S.; Rustaiyan, A., Chemical composition of the essential oil of Stachys byzanthin C. Koch. from Iran, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2003, 15, 2, 77-78, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712070 . [all data]

Mookdasanit, Tamura, et al., 2003
Mookdasanit, J.; Tamura, H.; Yoshizawa T.; Tokunaga T.; Nakanishi, K., Trace Volatile Compounds in Essential Oil of Citrus Sudachi by Means of Modified Solvent Extraction Method, Food Sci Technol. Res., 2003, 9, 1, 54-61, https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.9.54 . [all data]

Perez-Alonso, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2003
Perez-Alonso, M.J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Palá-Paúl, J.; Sanz, J., Variations in the essential oil composition of Artemisia pedemontana gathered in Spain: chemotype camphor-1,8-cineole and chemotype davanone, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2003, 31, 1, 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00082-0 . [all data]

Zrira, Elamrani, et al., 2003
Zrira, S.; Elamrani, A.; Benjilali, B., Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. from Morocco - a seasonal variation, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 475-480, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1221 . [all data]

Ghannadi, Sajjadi, et al., 2002
Ghannadi, A.; Sajjadi, S.E.; Beigihasan, A., Composition of the essential oil of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. from Iran, DARU, 2002, 10, 4, 165-167, retrieved from http://www1.tums.ac.ir/daru/Daru4%202002/Ghannadi.PDF. [all data]

Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002
Isidorov, V.; Jdanova, M., Volatile organic compounds from leaves litter, Chemosphere, 2002, 48, 9, 975-979, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00074-7 . [all data]

Kim and Lee, 2002
Kim, N.-S.; Lee, D.-S., Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of fragrances from Lavandula species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 982, 1, 31-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01445-0 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 2002
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Müürisepp, M., Composition of blackcurrant aroma isolated from leaves, buds, and berries of Ribes nigrum L., Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2002, 51, 4, 225-234. [all data]

Yamini, Sefidkon, et al., 2002
Yamini, Y.; Sefidkon, F.; Pourmortazavi, S.M., Comparison of essential oil composition of Iranian fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 345-348, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1117 . [all data]

Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002
Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; da Silva, M.H.L.; Maia, J.G.S., Volatile constituents of Lippia lupulina Cham., Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 1, 29-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1032 . [all data]

Cherchi, Deidda, et al., 2001
Cherchi, G.; Deidda, D.; de Gioannis, B.; Marongiu, B.; Pompei, R.; Porcedda, S., Extraction of Santolina insularis essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide: influence of some process parameters and biological activity, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 1, 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200101/02)16:1<35::AID-FFJ942>3.0.CO;2-Y . [all data]

Orav and Kann, 2001
Orav, A.; Kann, J., Determination of peppermint and orange aroma compounds in food and beverages, Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Chem., 2001, 50, 4, 217-225. [all data]

Shang, Hu, et al., 2001
Shang, C.; Hu, Y.; Deng, C.; Hu, K., Rapid determination of volatile constituents of Michelia alba flowers by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction, J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 942, 1-2, 283-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01382-6 . [all data]

Fraternale, Giamperi, et al., 2000
Fraternale, D.; Giamperi, L.; Ricci, D.; Manunta, A., Composition of the essential oil of Peucedanum verticillare, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 143-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00049-6 . [all data]

Lis-Balchin and Roth, 2000
Lis-Balchin, M.; Roth, G., Composition of the essential oils of Pelargonium odoratissimum, P. exstipulatum, and P. x fragrans (Geraniaceae) and their bioactivity, Flavour Fragr. J., 2000, 15, 6, 391-394, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200011/12)15:6<391::AID-FFJ929>3.0.CO;2-W . [all data]

Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2000
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Lopes, Koketsu, et al., 1999
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Notes

Go To: Top, Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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