Water

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔfH°gas-241.826 ± 0.040kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
ΔfH°gas-241.83kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1979
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
S°gas,1 bar188.835 ± 0.010J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
S°gas,1 bar188.84J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 500. to 1700.1700. to 6000.
A 30.0920041.96426
B 6.8325148.622053
C 6.793435-1.499780
D -2.5344800.098119
E 0.082139-11.15764
F -250.8810-272.1797
G 223.3967219.7809
H -241.8264-241.8264
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in March, 1979 Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔfH°liquid-285.830 ± 0.040kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
ΔfH°liquid-285.83kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1979
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
S°liquid69.95 ± 0.03J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
S°liquid,1 bar69.95J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 500.
A -203.6060
B 1523.290
C -3196.413
D 2474.455
E 3.855326
F -256.5478
G -488.7163
H -285.8304
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil373.17 ± 0.04KAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.0061barN/ASato, Watanabe, et al., 1991Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.×10-7 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc647. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc220.64barN/ASato, Watanabe, et al., 1991Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 bar; TRC
Pc220.60barN/ABrunner, 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.12 bar; TRC
Pc220.46barN/AMorita, Sato, et al., 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.25 bar; based on analysis of their obs. PVT and vapor pressure data some other data from literature; TRC
Pc220.64barN/AAleksandrov, 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.30 bar; TRC
Pc220.64barN/ASifner, 1985Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc17.9mol/lN/ASato, Watanabe, et al., 1991Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρc17.91mol/lN/AMorita, Sato, et al., 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.083 mol/l; based on analysis of obs. PVT and vapor pressure data; TRC
ρc17.9mol/lN/AAleksandrov, 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρc17.9mol/lN/ASifner, 1985Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
379. to 573.3.55959643.748-198.043Liu and Lindsay, 1970Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
273. to 303.5.402211838.675-31.737Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
304. to 333.5.203891733.926-39.485Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
334. to 363.5.07681659.793-45.854Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
344. to 373.5.083541663.125-45.622Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
293. to 343.6.209632354.7317.559Gubkov, Fermor, et al., 1964Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
255.9 to 373.4.65431435.264-64.848Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

Chlorine anion + Water = (Chlorine anion • Water)

By formula: Cl- + H2O = (Cl- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°60. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°81. ± 10.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°40. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points

(Hydronium cation • 2Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 3Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°73. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°39.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M
38.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M
35.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase; M
35.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase; M

CH2OH+ + Water = (CH2OH+ • Water)

By formula: CH3O+ + H2O = (CH3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°119.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
ΔrH°117.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2O)2H+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976, Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977; M
ΔrH°119.kJ/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°120.kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°120.kJ/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KN/ABerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°112.J/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°85.4kJ/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrG°85.8kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Hydronium cation + Water = (Hydronium cation • Water)

By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°136. ± 9.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°120. ± 30.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
34.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 2Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°84. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°94. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
36.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

(Hydronium cation • 3Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 4Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°56. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°100. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°23.kJ/molFABierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
24.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M
23.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M
21.300.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970gas phase; M
21.307.PHPMSGood, Durden, et al., 1970, 2gas phase; M
29.300.HPMSArifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971gas phase; M

NO3 anion + Water = (NO3 anion • Water)

By formula: NO3- + H2O = (NO3- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°61.09 ± 0.84kJ/molN/ALee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°59.0 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°51.88kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°61.9kJ/molATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°80.3kJ/molFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°105.J/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°100.J/mol*KN/AArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°89.1J/mol*KFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
ΔrS°79.9J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°30.1 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°29.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°30.5 ± 0.42kJ/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B
ΔrG°28.0kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
37.250.ATMArnold and Qiu, 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
28.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
29.300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

Nitrogen oxide anion + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • Water)

By formula: NO2- + H2O = (NO2- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°65. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.9J/mol*KPHPMSSieck, 1985gas phase; M
ΔrS°83.7J/mol*KFABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(NO2-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
ΔrS°99.6J/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°88.J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°35.6 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsSieck, 1985gas phase; B
ΔrG°35.6 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°34. ± 24.kJ/molEndoPaulson and Dale, 1982gas phase; B
ΔrG°33.9 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°33.5kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
33.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
35.300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 3Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 4Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 4H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°55. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°99. ± 10.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°26.kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
54.8 (+5.9,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
28.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M
27.300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°48. ± 7.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°93.3J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°93.7J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°97.1J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°21. ± 2.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Iodide + Water = (Iodide • Water)

By formula: I- + H2O = (I- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43. ± 3.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°64.0J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°80.8J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°68.2J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°23. ± 1.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
22.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

(Iodide • Water) + Water = (Iodide • 2Water)

By formula: (I- • H2O) + H2O = (I- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°41.4 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°39.7kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°39.7 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°41. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°41. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°73.6J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°84.9J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°79.5J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°17. ± 2.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
17.300.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

(Chlorine anion • Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°53. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°89.5J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°85.8J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°87.0J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°28. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrG°27.2kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°27. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°27.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°28.kJ/molFAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M

(CH2OH+ • Water) + Water = (CH2OH+ • 2Water)

By formula: (CH3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (CH3O+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°90.0kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°83.3kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°82.8kJ/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°113.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°50.6kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(CH2OH+ • 2Water) + Water = (CH2OH+ • 3Water)

By formula: (CH3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (CH3O+ • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°73.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°70.7kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrH°71.1kJ/molFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°107.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; M
ΔrS°109.J/mol*KN/ABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
ΔrS°109.J/mol*KFAFehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°38.kJ/molFABohme, Mackay, et al., 1979gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(Hydronium cation • 4Water) + Water = (Hydronium cation • 5Water)

By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°50. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°102. ± 20.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.293.ES/HPMSKlassen, Blades, et al., 1995gas phase; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Water)

By formula: (Na+ • H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 2H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°79. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.9J/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
82.0 (+5.9,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
41.8300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • 3Water)

By formula: (Na+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (Na+ • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°62.3kJ/molHPMSTang, Lian, et al., 1976gas phase; M
ΔrH°66.1kJ/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°69.9 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD
ΔrH°67.4kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrH°70. ± 10.kJ/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°87.0J/mol*KHPMSTang, Lian, et al., 1976gas phase; M
ΔrS°91.6J/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°92.0J/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°40.kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
70.3 (+5.9,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
39.300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 4Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 3H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°44.4 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrH°40.6kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°44. ± 1.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°45.6 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°46.4 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°95.0J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°104.J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°108.J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°16. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; B
ΔrG°14.6kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°14.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°17. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

(Nitrogen oxide anion • Water) + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Water)

By formula: (NO2- • H2O) + H2O = (NO2- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.4 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°54.0 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°54.0 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrH°56.9kJ/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°99.2J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°25.1 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°24. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°24.3kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°26. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
25.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M
24.300.SAMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Water) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°72.8kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
ΔrH°57.3kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small; M
ΔrH°61.5kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°120.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
ΔrS°92.0J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small; M
ΔrS°91.6J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°37.kJ/molHPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
19.414.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), 1984gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small; M

C16H34OP2Ru (solution) + Diphenylamine (solution) = C28H43NP2Ru (solution) + Water (solution)

By formula: C16H34OP2Ru (solution) + C12H11N (solution) = C28H43NP2Ru (solution) + H2O (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°5.0 ± 0.4kJ/molEqSBryndza, Fong, et al., 1987solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; In a series of reactions involving similar ruthenium complexes, the reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the entropy values are expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987. For this reaction, however a van't Hoff plot could be used. Temperature range: 293-328 K; MS
ΔrH°19.7kJ/molEqSBryndza, Fong, et al., 1987solvent: Benzene; The reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the the entropy is expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987; MS

MeCO2 anion + Water = (MeCO2 anion • Water)

By formula: C2H3O2- + H2O = (C2H3O2- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°68.6 ± 3.3kJ/molTDAsWincel, 2008gas phase; B
ΔrH°66.5 ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°66.9 ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°68.6 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°66.1kJ/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.9J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°94.1J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; ion given as C2H3COO- in paper by error; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°38. ± 5.9kJ/molN/AWincel, 2008gas phase; B
ΔrG°39.8kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°39. ± 6.7kJ/molTDAsMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°39.3 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(Iodide • 2Water) + Water = (Iodide • 3Water)

By formula: (I- • 2H2O) + H2O = (I- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°38.9 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°36. ± 9.6kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°38.5 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°39. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°39. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°87.9J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°89.1J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°12.6kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman, 1980gas phase; B
ΔrG°13.0 ± 3.3kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°14. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

C2H5NaO (cr) + 0.5(Sulfuric Acid • 1100Water) (solution) = Ethanol (solution) + 0.5sodium sulphate (solution)

By formula: C2H5NaO (cr) + 0.5(H2O4S • 1100H2O) (solution) = C2H6O (solution) + 0.5Na2O4S (solution)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°-118.4 ± 3.8kJ/molRSCBlanchard, Joly, et al., 1974solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -10.6 kJ/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on 9.97±0.04 for the enthalpy of solution of Na2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974. A value of -490.8 ± 5.9 kJ/mol was derived in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974 for the enthalpy of formation. However, this value is affected by a calculation error. Also, the authors have not accounted for the acid dilution (this correction could not be made in the present database, due to lack of information). These problems were also noted in the data compilations Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1980 and Wagman, Evans W.H., et al., 1982, where the values quoted for the enthalpy of formation, which rely on the experimental data reported in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974, are -410.0 ± 4.2 kJ/mol and -413.8 kJ/mol, respectively. See also comments in Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995; MS

Potassium ion (1+) + Water = (Potassium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: K+ + H2O = (K+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°70.7kJ/molHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M
ΔrH°70. ± 10.kJ/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°81. ± 10.kJ/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
ΔrH°74.9kJ/molHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°83.3J/mol*KHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°89.1J/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
ΔrS°90.4J/mol*KHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
38.300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
2.840.MSChupka, 1959gas phase; Knudsen cell, 840+-50K; M

(Bromine anion • Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (Br- • H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°48.5 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°51.04kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°51.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°51.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°75.3J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°95.8J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°26. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°23. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°22.6kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°24. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

CN- + Water = (CN- • Water)

By formula: CN- + H2O = (CN- • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°53.1 ± 3.3kJ/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°61.1 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; B,B,M,M
ΔrH°57.74kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°61.1kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°82.0J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrS°75.J/mol*KPHPMSLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°82.0J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°82.0J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; M
ΔrS°82.8J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°30.5 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsLarson, Szulejko, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°36. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°36. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, 1988, 2gas phase; B
ΔrG°33.1kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

(Bromine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (Br- • 2H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°47.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°28.9kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°48.1 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°48.1 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°94.1J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°104.J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°20. ± 4.6kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°17. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°17.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°18. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

(Nitrogen oxide anion • 2Water) + Water = (Nitrogen oxide anion • 3Water)

By formula: (NO2- • 2H2O) + H2O = (NO2- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°48.1 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°43.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°43.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrH°49.0kJ/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°108.J/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°18.8 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°17. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°17.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°19. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

Bromine anion + Water = (Bromine anion • Water)

By formula: Br- + H2O = (Br- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°53.14kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°49.0 ± 1.7kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°52.72kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°53.1kJ/molHPMSCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°61.5J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°77.0J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°82.8J/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; FLAME SOURCE, 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°30.5 ± 3.3kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°29. ± 12.kJ/molTDAsBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; B
ΔrG°29. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

CH2N+ + Water = (CH2N+ • Water)

By formula: CH2N+ + H2O = (CH2N+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°115.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrH°124.kJ/molICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°101.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989gas phase; n; M
ΔrS°120.J/mol*KN/ABerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
87.9300.ICRBerman and Beauchamp, 1980gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Hydroxyl anion + Water = (Hydroxyl anion • Water)

By formula: HO- + H2O = (HO- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°113. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°118.J/mol*KPHPMSPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; M
ΔrS°91.2J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrS°87.0J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrS°79.9J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M

HO- + Water = (HO- • Water)

By formula: HO- + H2O = (HO- • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°120. ± 30.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°80.3 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPaul and Kebarle, 1990gas phase; B
ΔrG°84.1 ± 6.7kJ/molTDEqMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°83.7 ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; B
ΔrG°77.82kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B

(Fluorine anion • Water) + Water = (Fluorine anion • 2Water)

By formula: (F- • H2O) + H2O = (F- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°80.3 ± 2.1kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B,M
ΔrH°69.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°69.5 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.9J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°78.2J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°52.3 ± 6.7kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
ΔrG°46.0 ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°46.02kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

(MeCO2 anion • 2Water) + Water = (MeCO2 anion • 3Water)

By formula: (C2H3O2- • 2H2O) + H2O = (C2H3O2- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°49.4 ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°51.0 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°49.4kJ/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/AMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°24.4kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°21.8 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°25.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Bromine anion • 3Water) + Water = (Bromine anion • 4Water)

By formula: (Br- • 3H2O) + H2O = (Br- • 4H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°46.02 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°26. ± 9.6kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°45.6 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°110.J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°112.J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°13.0 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°12.1kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B
ΔrG°14. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsKebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968gas phase; B,M

O3P- + Water = (O3P- • Water)

By formula: O3P- + H2O = (O3P- • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.0 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B,M,M
ΔrH°52.7kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°87.0J/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M
ΔrS°92.9J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; M
ΔrS°87.0J/mol*KHPMSKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°26. ± 5.0kJ/molTDAsKeesee and Castleman Jr., 1989gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B
ΔrG°27.kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2gas phase; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Water = (Sodium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: Na+ + H2O = (Na+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°100.kJ/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°87.9 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
ΔrH°82.0 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
ΔrH°95.0 ± 7.9kJ/molCIDTRodgers and Armentrout, 2000RCD
ΔrH°111.kJ/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°90.0J/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°92.J/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
94.6 (+7.5,-0.) CIDDalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
65.7298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

(Potassium ion (1+) • 2Water) + Water = (Potassium ion (1+) • 3Water)

By formula: (K+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (K+ • 3H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.4kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrH°60. ± 10.kJ/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°55.2kJ/molHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°94.1J/mol*KES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°96.2J/mol*KHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1969gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°26.kJ/molES/HPMSBlades, Klassen, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
28.300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(MeCO2 anion • Water) + Water = (MeCO2 anion • 2Water)

By formula: (C2H3O2- • H2O) + H2O = (C2H3O2- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.0 ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrH°57.7 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°53.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°54.0kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°79.9J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-ner, 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°85.8J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°29.3kJ/molTDAsMeot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999gas phase; B
ΔrG°28.5 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(Chlorine anion • 6Water) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 7Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 6H2O) + H2O = (Cl- • 7H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°34. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
ΔrH°28.9kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Pollack, et al., 1994gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
ΔrH°34.kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KN/AHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°8.8 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsHiraoka and Mizuse, 1987gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

Rubidium ion (1+) + Water = (Rubidium ion (1+) • Water)

By formula: Rb+ + H2O = (Rb+ • H2O)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°66.5kJ/molHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrH°70. ± 10.kJ/molHPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrH°66.9kJ/molMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KHPMSDzidic and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; M
ΔrS°96.J/mol*KN/ABlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
ΔrS°84.1J/mol*KMSBurdett and Hayhurst, 1982gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
39.300.HPMSBlades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NO3 anion • Water) + Water = (NO3 anion • 2Water)

By formula: (NO3- • H2O) + H2O = (NO3- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.0 ± 6.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
ΔrH°59.8kJ/molHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°127.J/mol*KHPMSLee, Keesee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°21.8 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsBlades, Klassen, et al., 1995gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
ΔrG°21.8 ± 0.42kJ/molTDAsBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
22.301.HPMSBanic and Iribarne, 1985gas phase; electric fields; M
21.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974gas phase; M

C4H6N+ + Water = (C4H6N+ • Water)

By formula: C4H6N+ + H2O = (C4H6N+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°58.6kJ/molPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°57.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrH°67.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°97.5J/mol*KPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°92.0J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrS°130.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.344.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

C2H2F3O2+ + Water = (C2H2F3O2+ • Water)

By formula: C2H2F3O2+ + H2O = (C2H2F3O2+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°118.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°97.5J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
89.5309.ICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C4H5O+ + Water = (C4H5O+ • Water)

By formula: C4H5O+ + H2O = (C4H5O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.5kJ/molPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrH°42.7kJ/molPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrH°67.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°84.J/mol*KPHPMSNicol, Sunner, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°82.4J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987gas phase; M
ΔrS°130.J/mol*KN/AMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
18.382.PHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ΔrH<; M

(Fluorine anion • 2Water) + Water = (Fluorine anion • 3Water)

By formula: (F- • 2H2O) + H2O = (F- • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°64.0 ± 1.7kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°57.3 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrH°57.3 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°95.8J/mol*KPHPMSHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; M
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KHPMSArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°35. ± 5.4kJ/molTDAsHiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988gas phase; B
ΔrG°32. ± 5.9kJ/molTDAsPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; B
ΔrG°31.8kJ/molTDAsArshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970gas phase; B

(Hydroxyl anion • Water) + Water = (Hydroxyl anion • 2Water)

By formula: (HO- • H2O) + H2O = (HO- • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°73.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrH°75.kJ/molCIDHierl and Paulson, 1984gas phase; M
ΔrH°74.9kJ/molHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrH°68.6kJ/molPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrH°96.kJ/molCIDDePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°89.5J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986gas phase; deuterated; M
ΔrS°88.7J/mol*KHPMSPayzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971gas phase; M
ΔrS°80.8J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Kebarle, 1970gas phase; deuterated; M

C2H4F3O+ + Water = (C2H4F3O+ • Water)

By formula: C2H4F3O+ + H2O = (C2H4F3O+ • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°128.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°99.6J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
97.9309.ICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H2O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)12.621 ± 0.002eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)691.kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity660.0kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
12.65 ± 0.05EISnow and Thomas, 1990LL
12.6188 ± 0.0009PIPage, Larkin, et al., 1988LL
12.6223 ± 0.0003PEReutt, Wang, et al., 1986LBLHLM
12.6 ± 0.1EIGrade, Wienecke, et al., 1983LBLHLM
12.63 ± 0.03EILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
12.612SGurtler, Saile, et al., 1977LLK
12.627PEBotter and Carlier, 1977LLK
12.616PEKronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976LLK
12.624PEDixon, Duxbury, et al., 1976LLK
12.615 ± 0.001PEKarlsson, Mattson, et al., 1975LLK
12.6PEDebies and Rabalais, 1975LLK
12.6PIRabalais, Debies, et al., 1974LLK
12.615 ± 0.001PEBergmark, Karlsson, et al., 1974LLK
12.619PERobin and Kuebler, 1973LLK
12.7EIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
12.619 ± 0.006SKatayama, Huffman, et al., 1973LLK
12.62PEPotts and Price, 1972LLK
12.624PEAsbrink and Rabalais, 1971LLK
12.65CICermak, 1968RDSH
12.62 ± 0.01PEBrundle and Turner, 1968RDSH
12.59 ± 0.01PIDibeler, Walker, et al., 1966RDSH
12.614 ± 0.005PIBrehm, 1966RDSH
12.597 ± 0.010PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.60 ± 0.01EIFrost and McDowell, 1958RDSH
12.62 ± 0.02SPrice, 1936RDSH
12.62PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
11.8PECampbell, Liesegang, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK
12.61PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
12.61PEWieczorek, Koenig, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK
12.60 ± 0.02PEBanna and Shirley, 1975Vertical value; LLK
12.62PESchweig and Thiel, 1974Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
H+16.95 ± 0.05OHEILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
H+18.7 ± 0.05OH(X2P)EIAppell and Durup, 1973LLK
H+16.0 ± 0.3OH-EICottin, 1959RDSH
H+19.6 ± 0.25OHEICottin, 1959RDSH
HO+18.08 ± 0.05HEILefaivre and Marmet, 1978LLK
HO+18.115 ± 0.008HPIMcCulloh, 1976LLK
HO+18.2HEIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
HO+18.05HPIDibeler, Walker, et al., 1966RDSH
HO+18.2 ± 0.1HEIFoner and Hudson, 1956RDSH
H2+20.7 ± 0.4OEIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+19.0H2EIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
O+26.82HEIMorrison and Traeger, 1973LLK
O+19.0 ± 0.2H2EIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+26.5 ± 0.32H?EIEhrhardt and Kresling, 1967RDSH
O+29.15 ± 0.252H?EICottin, 1959RDSH

De-protonation reactions

HO- + Hydrogen cation = Water

By formula: HO- + H+ = H2O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°1633.141 ± 0.042kJ/molD-EASmith, Kim, et al., 1997gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
ΔrH°1622.1kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°1605.57 ± 0.25kJ/molH-TSSmith, Kim, et al., 1997gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
ΔrG°1594.5kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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NIST MS number 7

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedApiezon L130.317.Landault and Guiochon, 1964Teflon-Haloport; Column length: 2.26 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101319.Zenkevich, 200525. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone327.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol1039.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1066.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Sato, Watanabe, et al., 1991
Sato, H.; Watanabe, K.; Levelt Sengers, J.M.H.; Gallagher, J.S.; Hill, P.G.; Straub, J.; Wagner, W., Sixteen Thousand Evaluated Experimental Thermodynamic Property Data for Water and Steam, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1991, 20, 1023. [all data]

Brunner, 1990
Brunner, E., Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures. 9. Phase Separation and Critical Phenomena in 23 (n-Alkane + Water) Mixtures., J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1990, 22, 335. [all data]

Morita, Sato, et al., 1989
Morita, T.; Sato, H.; Uematsu, M.; Watanabe, K., PVT Properties and Vapor-Pressures of Ordinary Water Substance in the Critical Region, Physica A: (Amsterdam), 1989, 156, 436. [all data]

Aleksandrov, 1986
Aleksandrov, A.A., Critical Parameters of Ordinary and Heavy Water, Teploenergetika, 1986, No. 1, 74. [all data]

Sifner, 1985
Sifner, O., Recommended Values of Critical Parameters of Ordinary and Heavy Water, Chem. Listy, 1985, 79, 199. [all data]

Liu and Lindsay, 1970
Liu, C.-T.; Lindsay, W.T., Jr., Vapor Pressure of D2O from 106 to 300 ºC, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 4, 510-513, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60047a015 . [all data]

Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964
Bridgeman, O.C.; Aldrich, E.W., Vapor Pressure Tables for Water, J. Heat Transfer, 1964, 86, 2, 279-286, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3687121 . [all data]

Gubkov, Fermor, et al., 1964
Gubkov, A.N.; Fermor, N.A.; Smirnov, N.I., Vapor Pressure of Mono-Poly Systems, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1964, 37, 2204-2210. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976
Bierbaum, V.M.; Golde, M.F.; Kaufman, F., Flowing Afterglow Studies of Hydronium Ion Clustering Including Diffusion Effects, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 7, 2715, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.433415 . [all data]

Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971
Arifov, U.A.; Pozharov, S.L.; Chernov, I.G., High Energy Chem., 1971, 5, 1. [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, A.W., Production of H3O+.nH2O from NO+ Precursor in NO - H2O Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 6, 2564, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675213 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Pure Nitrogen and Nitrogen Containing Traces of Water at Total Pressures 0.5 - 4 torr. Kinetics of Clustering Reactions Forming H+(H2O)n, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 212, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672667 . [all data]

Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2
Good, A.; Durden, D.A.; Kebarle, P., Mechanism and Rate Constants of Ion-Molecule Reactions Leading to Formation of H+(H2O)n in Moist Oxygen and Air, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1672668 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 2. Hydration of Onium Ions by 1 - 7 H2O Molecules. Relations Between Monomolecular, Specific and Bulk Hydration, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1265, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a016 . [all data]

Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979
Davidson, W.R.; Sunner J.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen Bonding of Water to Onium Ions. Hydration of Substituted Pyridinium Ions and Related Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 7, 1675, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00501a005 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D., Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016 . [all data]

Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Compounds Between Water Ammonia and Substituted Benzenes from a Continuous Ladder of Proton Transfer Equilibrium Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 6, 1320, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00422a005 . [all data]

Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977
Wolf, J.F.; Staley, R.H.; Koppel, I.; Taagepera, M.; McIver, R.T.; Beauchamp, J.L.; Taft, R.W., Gas Phase Basicities and Relative Proton Affinities of Compounds Between Water and Ammonia from Pulsed Ion Cyclotron Resonance Thermal Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 16, 5417, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00458a032 . [all data]

Berman and Beauchamp, 1980
Berman, D.W.; Beauchamp, J.L., A Novel Bimolecular Reaction Sequence Yielding H(OH2)2+ at Low Pressures. Ion Cyclotron Resonance Studies of the Reaction of Doubly Solvated Protons, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 18, 2233, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100455a004 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Dotan, I.; Albritton, D.L.; Howard, C.J.; Ferguson, E.E., Stratospheric Positive Ion Chemistry of Formaldehyde and Methanol, J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83, C3, 1333, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC03p01333 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Intermolecular Forces in Organic Clusters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 9, 3312, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a024 . [all data]

Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979
Bohme, D.K.; Mackay, G.I.; Tanner, S.D., An Experimental Study of the Gas - Phase Kinetics of Reactions with Hydrated H3O+ Ions (n=1 - 3) at 298 K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 14, 3724, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00508a003 . [all data]

Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995
Klassen, J.S.; Blades, A.T.; Kebarle, P., Determinations of Ion-Molecule Equilibria Involving Ions Produced by Electrospray. Hydration of Protonated Amines, Diamines, and Some Small Peptides, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 42, 15509, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100042a027 . [all data]

Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980
Lee, N.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., The properties of clusters in the gas phase. IV. Complexes of H2O and HNOx clustering on NOx-, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 1089. [all data]

Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995
Blades, A.T.; Klassen, J.S.; Kebarle, P., Free Energies of Hydration in the Gas Phase on the Anions of Some Oxo Acids of C, N, S, P, Cl and I, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 42, 10563, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00147a019 . [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO2-, NO3-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Arnold and Qiu, 1984
Arnold, F.; Qiu, S., Upper Stratosphere Negative Ion Composition Measurements and Infrared Trace Gas Abundances, Planet. Space Sci., 1984, 32, 2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(84)90151-X . [all data]

Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2805. [all data]

Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V., Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Laboratory studies of negative ion reactions with atmospheric trace constituents, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 3181. [all data]

Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972
Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Kinetics and Rate Constants of Reactions Leading to Hydration of NO2- and NO3- in Gaseous Oxygen, Argon, and Helium Containing Traces of Water, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 14, 2230, https://doi.org/10.1139/v72-358 . [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO2- and C6H5NO2- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

Paulson and Dale, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH-.H2O with NO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996
Blades, A.T.; Klassen, J.S.; Kebarle, P., Determination of Ion-Solvent Equilibria in the Gas Phase. Hydration of Diprotonated Diamines and Bis(trimethylammonium) Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 49, 12437, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja962641t . [all data]

Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994
Dalleska, N.F.; Tjelta, B.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Sequential Bond Energies of Water to Na+ (3s0), Mg+ (3s1), and Al+ (3s2), J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 15, 4191, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100066a045 . [all data]

Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990
Blades, A.T.; Jayaweera, P.; Ikonomou, M.G.; Kebarle, P., Studies of Alkaline - Earth and Transition - Metal M++ Gas - Phase Ion Chemistry, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 10, 5900, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458360 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Solvation of Halide Ions with H2O and CH3CN in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 13, 3943, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100324a051 . [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Gas phase studies of hydration complexes of Cl- and I- and comparison to electrostatic calculations in the gas phase, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 139. [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994
Markovich, G.; Pollack, S.; Giniger, R.; Cheshnovsky, O., Photoelectron spectroscopy of Cl-, Br-, and I- solvated in water clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 11, 9344, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467965 . [all data]

Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S., Gas-Phase Solvation of Cl- with H2O, CH3OH, C2H4OH, i-C3H7OH, n-C3H7OH, and t-C4H9OH, Chem. Phys., 1987, 118, 3, 457, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(87)85078-4 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Tang, Lian, et al., 1976
Tang, I.N.; Lian, M.S.; Castleman, A.W., Mass Spectrometric Study of Gas - Phase Clustering Reactions: Hydration of the Monovalent Strontium Ion, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 10, 4022, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.432854 . [all data]

Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968
Kebarle, P.; Arshadi, M.; Scarborough, J., Hydration of Negative Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2, 817, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1670145 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., The Filling of Solvent Shells in Cluster Ions: Thermochemical Criteria nd the Effects of Isomeric Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 25, 6616, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100283a006 . [all data]

Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973
Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Gas - Phase Solvation of Ammonium Ion by NH3 and H2O and Stabilities of Mixed Clusters NH4+(NH3)n(H2O)w, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 19, 3242, https://doi.org/10.1139/v73-485 . [all data]

Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987
Bryndza, H.E.; Fong, L.K.; Paciello, R.A.; Tam, W.; Bercaw, J.E., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 1444. [all data]

Wincel, 2008
Wincel, H., Hydration energies of deprotonated amino acids from gas phase equilibria measurements, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 19, 8, 1091-1097, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.014 . [all data]

Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999
Meot-ner, M.; Elmore, D.E.; Scheiner, S., Ionic Hydrogen Bond Effects on the Acidities, Basicities, Solvation, Solvent Bridging and Self-assembly of Carboxylic Groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 33, 7625, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja982173i . [all data]

Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986
Meot-Ner, M.; Sieck, L.W., The ionic hydrogen bond and ion solvation. 5. OH...O- bonds. Gas phase solvation and clustering of alkoxide and carboxylate anions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7525. [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 6. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH3COO- with Cl-, CN-, and SH-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974
Blanchard, J.M.; Joly, R.D.; Lettoffe, J.M.; Perachon, G.; Thourey, J., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1974, 71, 472. [all data]

Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1980
Tel'noi, V.I.; Rabinovich, I.B., Russ. Chem. Rev., 1980, 49, 603. [all data]

Wagman, Evans W.H., et al., 1982
Wagman, D.D.; Evans W.H.; Parker, V.B.; Schumm, R.H.; Halow, I.; Bailey, S.M.; Churney, K.L.; Nuttall, R.L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties; J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1982, 11, Suppl. 2. [all data]

Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995
Liebman, J.F.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Slayden, S.W., In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview Wiley: New York, Sapse, A.-M.; Schleyer, P. von Ragué, ed(s)., 1995. [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Ionic Solvation by Aprotic Solvents. Gas Phase Solvation of the Alkali Ions by Acetonitrile, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6125, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a010 . [all data]

Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982
Burdett, N.A.; Hayhurst, A.N., Hydration of gas phase ions and the measurement of boundary layer cooling during flame sampling into a mass spectrometer., J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1982, 78, 2997. [all data]

Searles and Kebarle, 1969
Searles, S.K.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Potassium Ion in the Gas Phase: Enthalpies and Entropies of Hydration Reactions K+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = K+(H2O)n for n=1 to n=6, Can. J. Chem., 1969, 47, 14, 2619, https://doi.org/10.1139/v69-432 . [all data]

Chupka, 1959
Chupka, W.A., Dissociation Energies of Some Gaseous Halide Complex Ions and the Hydrated Ion K(H2O)+, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 40, 2, 458, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1729974 . [all data]

Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988
Larson, J.W.; Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., Gas Phase Lewis Acid-Base Interactions. An Experimental Determination of Cyanide Binding Energies From Ion Cyclotron Resonance and High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Equilibrium Measurements., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7604, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a004 . [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988, 2
Meot-ner, M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Solvation. 7. Interaction Energies of Carbanions with Solvent Molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3858, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions.3. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6580. [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1990
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Thermodynamics of the Association Reactions OH- - H2O = HOHOH- and CH3O- - CH3OH = CH3OHOCH3- in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 12, 5184, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100375a076 . [all data]

Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970
Arshadi, M.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of OH- and O2- in the Gas Phase. Comparative Solvation of OH- by Water and the Hydrogen Halides. Effect of Acidity, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1483, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a015 . [all data]

Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman Jr., Hydration of Monomeric Metaphosphate Anion in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 25, 9015, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00207a004 . [all data]

Blades, Ho, et al., 1996
Blades, A.T.; Ho, Y.; Kebarle, P., Hydration in the Gas Phase of the Orthophosphate Anion (HO)2PO2-, and the Conversion of the Orthophosphate anion to the Metaphosphate, PO3-, Ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 1, 196, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja952169w . [all data]

Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2
Blades, A.T.; Ho, Y.; Kebarle, P., Hydration in the Gas Phase of the Orthophosphate Anion, (HO)2PO2-, and the Conversion of the Orthophosphate to teh Metaphosphate, PO3-, Ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 1, 196, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja952169w . [all data]

Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001
Amicangelo, J.C.; Armentrout, P.B., Relative and Absolute Bond Dissociation Energies of Sodium Cation Complexes Determined Using Competitive Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 212, 1-3, 301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00494-8 . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988
Nicol, G.; Sunner, J.; Kebarle, P., Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Protonation Reactions: H3O+(H2O)h + B = BH+(H2O)b + (h - b +1)H2O, where B is a Nitrogen, Oxygen or Carbon Base, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1988, 84, 1-2, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(88)83032-5 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Takimoto, H.; Yamabe, S., Stabilities and Structures in Cluster Ions of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing O, N and S Atoms, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 24, 7346, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a018 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Ross, M.M.; Campana, J.E., Stable Hydrogen - Bonded Isomers of Covalent Ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 4835. [all data]

Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972
Cunningham, A.J.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., A Kinetic Study of the Proton Hydrate H+(H2O)n Equilibria in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 22, 7627, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00777a003 . [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Hierl and Paulson, 1984
Hierl, P.M.; Paulson, J.F., Translational energy dependence of cross sections for reactions of OH- (H2O)n with CO2 and SO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 4890. [all data]

DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970
DePaz, M.; Giardini, A.G.; Friedman, L., Tandem-Mass-Spectrometer Study of Solvated Derivatives of OD-. Total Hydration Energy of the Proton, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2, 687, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1673041 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Snow and Thomas, 1990
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Notes

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