Benzene

• Formula: C₆H₆
• Molecular weight: 78.1118
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Benzene-D6
• Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Normal melting point
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 99
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Normal melting point

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

References

Go To: Top, Normal melting point, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Linek, Wichterle, et al., 1996
Linek, J.; Wichterle, I.; Marsh, K.N., Vapor-liquid Equilibria for N-Methyl-3-pyrrolidone + Benzene, + Toluene, and + Methylcyclohexane, J. Chem. Eng. data, 1996, 41, 1212-8. [all data]

Snow, Ott, et al., 1986
Snow, R.L.; Ott, J.B.; Goates, J.R.; Marsh, K.N.; O'Shea, S.; Stokes, R.H., (Solid + liquid) and (vapor + liquid) phase equilibria and excess enthalpies for (benzene + n-tetradecane), (benzene + n-hexadecane), (cyclohexane + n-tetradecane), and (cyclohexane + n-hexadecane), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1986, 18, 107. [all data]

Ott and Goates, 1983
Ott, J.B.; Goates, J.R., (Solid + liquid) Phase Equilibria in Binary Mixtures Containing Benzene, a Cycloalkane, an n-Alkane, or Tetrachloromethane. An Equation for Representing (Solid + liquid) Phase Equilibria, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1983, 15, 267-78. [all data]

Guieu, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1980
Guieu, R.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Carbonnel, L., Int. DATA Ser., Sel. Data Mixtures, Ser. A, 1980, No. 1, 50. [all data]

Guieu, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1980, 2
Guieu, R.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Carbonnel, L., Int. DATA Ser., Sel. Data Mixtures, Ser. A, 1980, No. 1, 51. [all data]

Pawlowski and Wieckowska, 1980
Pawlowski, W.; Wieckowska, E., Distribution Studies on Ternary System Water--Benzene--Chloro- or Nitroaniline, Pol. J. Chem., 1980, 54, 543. [all data]

Maheshwari, Suri, et al., 1979
Maheshwari, R.C.; Suri, S.K.; Tewari, U.S., Excess Volumes of Mixing of Binary Mixtures or Arsenic Tribromide with Benzene, Cyclohexane, and Carbon Tetrachloride at 202.15, 308.15 and 313.15, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 237. [all data]

Smith, 1979
Smith, G.W., Phase behavior of some linear polyphenyls, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1979, 49, 207. [all data]

Goates, Ott, et al., 1973
Goates, J.R.; Ott, J.B.; Reeder, J., Solid + liquid phae equilibria and solid compound formation in hexafluorobenzene + benzene, + pyridine, + furan, and + thiophen, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1973, 5, 135. [all data]

Kogan and Morachevskii, 1972
Kogan, I.V.; Morachevskii, A.G., Liquid-vapor equilibrium in the system hexafluorobenzene + benzene ( formation of two azeotropes), Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1972, 45, 1888-90. [all data]

Stokes, Levien, et al., 1970
Stokes, R.H.; Levien, B.J.; Marsh, K.N., A contunuous dilution dilatometer. The excess volume for the system cyclohexane + benzene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 43-52. [all data]

Stokes, Marsh, et al., 1969
Stokes, R.H.; Marsh, K.N.; Tomlins, R.P., An isothermal displacement calorimeter for endothermic enthalpies of mixing, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1969, 1, 211-21. [all data]

Bonner, Woolsey, et al., 1968
Bonner, O.D.; Woolsey, G.B.; Philip, R.H., N-methylacetamide solutions example of the behavior of highly structured liquids, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1968, 13, 218. [all data]

Kemula, Buchowski, et al., 1968
Kemula, W.; Buchowski, H.; Pawlowski, W., Effect of the position of substituents in an aromatic ring on R(f) and partition coefficients: II. aromatic amines, Rocz. Chem., 1968, 42, 1951. [all data]

Marsh, 1968
Marsh, K.N., Thermodynamics of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane mixtures, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1968, 64, 883. [all data]

Powell and Swinton, 1968
Powell, R.J.; Swinton, F.L., Excess Volumes of Mixing: Benzene-Cyclohexane and Benzene-Diphenylmethane Systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1968, 13, 260-2. [all data]

Pacor, 1967
Pacor, P., Applicability of the Du Pont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative d. t. a., Anal. Chim. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-8. [all data]

Cioffi and Messer, 1966
Cioffi, F.J.; Messer, C.E., Solid-Liquid Equilibria in the Benzene-Pyridine System, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1966, 11, 532. [all data]

Sabinin, Belousov, et al., 1966
Sabinin, V.E.; Belousov, V.P.; Morachevskii, A.G., Heat of Mixing and Heat of Vaporization in the Benzene-Cyclohexane System, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1966, 9, 382. [all data]

Goates, Ott, et al., 1964
Goates, J.R.; Ott, J.B.; Mangelson, N.F., Solid-Liquid Phase Equil. in Binary Mixt. of Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicon Tetrabromide, and Tin Tetrachloride with Benzene, p-Xylene and p-Dioxane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1964, 9, 330. [all data]

Miller, 1963
Miller, George A., Vapor Pressure of Naphthalene. Thermodynamic Consistency with Proposed Frequency Assignments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 1, 69-72, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60016a019 . [all data]

Rastogi and Nigam, 1959
Rastogi, R.P.; Nigam, R.K., Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures of Benzene, Cyclohexane and Carbon Tetrachloride, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1959, 55, 2005. [all data]

Afenkov, 1958
Afenkov, N.I., Measurement of specific volume of some organic liquids by an adjustable dilatometer, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1958, No. 6, 128-32. [all data]

Prince and Hunter, 1957
Prince, R.G.H.; Hunter, T.G., The quaternary system: benzene - carbon tetrachloride acetic acid - water at 25c, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1957, 6, 245-61. [all data]

Walling and Miller, 1957
Walling, C.; Miller, B., The Relative Reactivities of Substituted Toluenes toward Chlorine Atoms, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4181. [all data]

Fair, 1956
Fair, F., Anal. Chem., 1956, 27, 1886-88. [all data]

Staveley and Taylor, 1956
Staveley, L.A.K.; Taylor, P.F., Solutions of Alcohols in Nonpolar Solvents III. The Viscosities of Dilute Solutions of Primary Alcohols in Benzene, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 1956, 200. [all data]

Brown, Mathieson, et al., 1955
Brown, C.P.; Mathieson, A.R.; Thynne, J.C.J., Thermodynamics of Hydrocarbon Mixtures I. The Heats of Mixing of the Binary and Ternary Systems Formed by Benzene, Cyclohexane, and Heptane, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1955, 4141. [all data]

Cutting and Jones, 1955
Cutting, C.L.; Jones, D.C., Adsorption of Insoluble Vapors on Water Surfaces I., J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1955, 4067. [all data]

Neff and Hickman, 1955
Neff, J.A.; Hickman, J.B., Total Pressure of Certain Binary Liquid Mixtures, J. Phys. Chem., 1955, 59, 42-5. [all data]

Puchalik, 1954
Puchalik, M., Investigation of Solutions of Strong Polar Substances in Polar and Nonpol, Acta Phys. Pol., 1954, 13, 159. [all data]

Kravchenko and Pastukhova, 1953
Kravchenko, V.M.; Pastukhova, I.S., Ternary systems of indene+isoquinoline+naphthalene and naphthalene + isoquinoline+benzene, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1953, 27, 822. [all data]

Kipling and Tester, 1952
Kipling, J.J.; Tester, D.A., Adsorption from Binary Mixtures: Determination of Indivicual Adsorption Isotherms, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 1952, 4123-33. [all data]

Marechal, 1952
Marechal, J., Concentrated Solutions XVI. The Thermodynamic Study of Hydrocarbon Mixture mixtures formed by molecules of different sizes, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1952, 61, 149-66. [all data]

Spengler and Tamplin, 1952
Spengler, H.T.; Tamplin, W.S., Procedures in ice calorimetry, Anal. Chem., 1952, 24, 941-4. [all data]

Denyer, Fidler, et al., 1949
Denyer, R.L.; Fidler, F.A.; Lowry, R.A., Azeotrope Formation Between Thiols and Hydrocarbons, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 2727-37. [all data]

Jones, Bowden, et al., 1948
Jones, W.J.; Bowden, S.T.; Yarnold, W.W.; Jones, W.H., The Viscosity of Solutions of Prinary Alcohols and Fatty Acids in Benzene and in Carbon Tetrachloride, J. Phys. Colloid Chem., 1948, 52, 753. [all data]

Forziati, Glasgow, et al., 1946
Forziati, A.F.; Glasgow, A.R.; Willingham, C.B.; Rossini, F.D., Specification adn Properties of 29 Paraffin, 4 Alkylcyclopentanes, 10 Alkylcyclohexanes and 8 Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1946, 36, 129. [all data]

Gibbons, Thompson, et al., 1946
Gibbons, L.C.; Thompson, J.F.; Reynolds, T.W.; Wright, J.I.; Chanan, H.H.; Lamberti, J.M.; Hipsher, H.F.; Karabinos, J.V., The Purification and Physical Constants of Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1946, 68, 1130. [all data]

Transue, Washburn, et al., 1942
Transue, L.F.; Washburn, E.R.; Kahler, F.H., The Direct Measurement of the Spreading Pressures of Volatile Organic Liquids on Water, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 274. [all data]

Anonymous, 1941
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Hydrocarbon Res. Proj., Third Annu. Rep., Ohio State Univ., Aug. 31, 1941. [all data]

Seyer, 1938
Seyer, W.F., Mutual Solubilities of Hydrocarbons II. The Freezing Point Curves of Dotricontane (Dicetyl) in Dodecane, Decane, Octane, Hexane, Cyclohexane and Benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 827-30. [all data]

Smittenberg, Hoog, et al., 1938
Smittenberg, J.; Hoog, H.; Henkes, R.A., Freezing Points of A Number of Pure Hydrocarbons of the Gasoline Boiling Range and of Some of their Binary Mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 17. [all data]

Leslie and Heuer, 1937
Leslie, R.T.; Heuer, W.W., Study of the Crystal Behavior of Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1937, 18, 639. [all data]

Kireev and Skvortsova, 1936
Kireev, V.A.; Skvortsova, A.A., Equilibrium in liquid mixtures and solutions: vii elasticity, vapor- tension, compositon and some other properties of binary mixtures benzene + dichloroethane, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1936, 7, 63-70. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of Organic Reactions IV. Hydrogenation of Some Dienes and of Benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 146-53. [all data]

Wojciechowski, 1936
Wojciechowski, M., The Measurement of A Few Physicochemical Constants of Benzene, Rocz. Chem., 1936, 16, 524. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Joukovsky, 1934
Joukovsky, N.I., Experimental Study of the Theory of Concentrated Solutions. XI. Thermodynamic Properties of Concentrated Solutions of Aliphatic Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1934, 43, 397. [all data]

Deitz, 1933
Deitz, V.R., The Vapor Pressure of Crystalline Benzene and Cyclohexane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 472. [all data]

Ferguson and Miller, 1933
Ferguson, A.; Miller, J.T., A Method for the Determination of the Specific Heats of Liquids, and A Determination of the Specific Heats of Aniline and Benzene Over the Approximate Range 20 deg C to 50 deg C, Proc. Phys. Soc., London, 1933, 45, 194. [all data]

Gross and Saylor, 1931
Gross, P.M.; Saylor, J.H., The Solubilities of Certain Slightly Soluble Org. Compounds in Water, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 1744. [all data]

Parks and Huffman, 1931
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M., Some fusion and transition data for hydrocarbons, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1931, 23, 1138-9. [all data]

Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Daniels, A.C., Thermal Data on Organic Compounds: VII The Heat Capacities, Entropies and Free Energies of Twelve Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 1547-58. [all data]

Prentiss, 1929
Prentiss, S.W., The reactivity of atoms and groups in organic compounds. IX. the vapor pressures, densities and refractive indices of certain binary mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 2825. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The Heat Capacities and Heat of Crystallization of Some Isomeric Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274. [all data]

Maass and Walbauer, 1925
Maass, O.; Walbauer, L.J., The specific heats and latent heats of fusion of ice and of several organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. [all data]

Richards and Carver, 1921
Richards, T.W.; Carver, E.K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1921, 43, 827. [all data]

Knowles, 1920
Knowles, C.L., Some physical constants of pure aniline, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1920, 12, 9, 881. [all data]

Washburn and Read, 1919
Washburn, E.W.; Read, J.W., The Laws of "Concentrated" Solutions VI. The General Boiling-Point Law, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1919, 41, 729. [all data]

Maass and Russell, 1918
Maass, O.; Russell, J., Unsaturation and molecular compound formation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1918, 40, 1561-1573. [all data]

Hatcher and Skirrow, 1917
Hatcher, W.H.; Skirrow, F.W., The compounds of phenol and the cresols with pyridine., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 1939. [all data]

Kendall and Monroe, 1917
Kendall, J.; Monroe, K.P., The Viscosity of Liquids. II. The Viscosity-Composition Curve for Ideal Liquid Mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 1787. [all data]

Kendall and Monroe, 1917, 2
Kendall, J.; Monroe, K.P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 1802. [all data]

Richards and Shipley, 1916
Richards, T.W.; Shipley, J.W., The Compressibility of Certain Typical Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Ketones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1916, 38, 989-99. [all data]

Smith and Menzies, 1910
Smith, A.; Menzies, A.W.C., Studies in Vapor Pressure V. A Dynamic Method for Measuring Vapor Pressures, with Its Application to Benzene and Ammonium Chloride, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1910, 32, 1448. [all data]

Demerliac, 1898
Demerliac, M.R., J. Phys. Radium, 1898, 7, 591. [all data]

Altschul and Von Schneider, 1895
Altschul, M.; Von Schneider, B., Freezing points of some organic fluids, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1895, 16, 24. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Normal melting point, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.