Hydrogen chloride

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Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°82.0 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°92.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°54. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

(Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Br- • HCl) + HCl = (Br- • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°52.3kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°77.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

(Bromine anion • Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • O2S) + HCl = (Br- • HCl • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°93.7kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°77.8J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

Methyl cation + Hydrogen chloride = (Methyl cation • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°216.kJ/molPHPMSMcMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 202. kJ/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M

C6H6+ + Hydrogen chloride = (C6H6+ • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: C6H6+ + HCl = (C6H6+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°31.kJ/molPIWalters, Grover, et al., 1985gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°124. ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMetz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
ΔrH°99.6 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°96.7 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°99.16 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°85.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°93.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M
ΔrS°98.3J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
ΔrS°98.3J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
ΔrS°95.4J/mol*KN/AUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°68.2 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1987gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B
ΔrG°72. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B
ΔrG°66.9 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
ΔrG°69.9 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B
ΔrG°56.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°63.60 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°58.6kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
ΔrS°102.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°33.1 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 3Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 3HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°49.0 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°97.9J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°19.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 3Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 4Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 4HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°43.1 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°112.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°9.6 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride • Water)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.5kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°87.4J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M

(Chlorine anion • Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Water)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°66.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°91.2J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°54.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°90.8J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

(Chlorine anion • Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- • O2S) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°58.2kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°80.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M

Fluorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Fluorine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: F- + HCl = (F- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°250. ± 8.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; bracketing; M

HCl+ + Hydrogen chloride = (HCl+ • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: HCl+ + HCl = (HCl+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°84.kJ/molPITiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979gas phase; M

HO4S- + Hydrogen chloride = (HO4S- • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°65.7 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°63.2J/mol*KN/ABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°46.9 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M

Iodide + Hydrogen chloride = (Iodide • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: I- + HCl = (I- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°61.9 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
ΔrH°59.4kJ/molHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°83.7J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
ΔrS°95.0J/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrG°37. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

Sodium ion (1+) + Hydrogen chloride = (Sodium ion (1+) • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrH°51.0kJ/molFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔrS°85.4J/mol*KFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M

References

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies of the bihalide ions XHX- and YHX-, Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 1399. [all data]

McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988
McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P., Methyl Cation Affinities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002 . [all data]

Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974
Foster, M.S.; Williamson, A.D.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoionization mass spectrometry of trans-azomethane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 15, 429. [all data]

Walters, Grover, et al., 1985
Walters, E.A.; Grover, J.R.; White, M.G.; Hui, E.T., On the Structure and Thermochemistry of the van der Waals Molecule C6H6.HCl and its Photoion (C6H6.HCl)+, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 18, 3814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100264a009 . [all data]

Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988
Metz, R.B.; Kitsopoulos, T.; Weaver, A.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the Transition State Region in the Cl+HCl Reaction by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of ClHCl-, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2, 1463, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454218 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies in ClHCl- and Cl-(HCl)n, Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 2449. [all data]

Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986
Upschulte, B.L.; Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Unpublished results, referred to in Keesee and Castleman, 1986, 1986. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Gas phase studies of hydration complexes of Cl- and I- and comparison to electrostatic calculations in the gas phase, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Isotope Effects in Proton Transfer Reactions. An Ion Cyclotron Resonance Determination of the Equilibrium Deuterium Isotope Effect in the Bichloride Ion, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 3, 554, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100287a013 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]

Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979
Tiedemann, P.W.; Anderson, S.L.; Ceyer, S.T.; Hirooka, T.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Proton affinities of hydrogen halides determined by the molecular beam photoionization method, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 605. [all data]

Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2805. [all data]

Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Lee, N.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Properties of clusters in the gas phase: V. Complexes of neutral molecules onto negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 2195. [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Notes

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