Benzene

• Formula: C₆H₆
• Molecular weight: 78.1118
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Benzene-D6
• Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
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• Information on this page:
  • Critical temperature
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
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  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 99
  • Henry's Law data
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  • Ion clustering data
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  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
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  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
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  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Critical temperature

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

References

Go To: Top, Critical temperature, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 547-558. [all data]

Chirico and Steele, 1994
Chirico, R.D.; Steele, W.V., Reconciliation of Calorimetrically and Spectroscopically Derived Methyl Benzene. The Importance of the Third Virial Coefficient, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1994, 33, 157-67. [all data]

Knipmeyer, Archer, et al., 1989
Knipmeyer, S.E.; Archer, D.G.; Chirico, R.D.; Gammon, B.E.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Nguyen, A.; Smith, N.K.; Steele, W.V.; Strube, M.M., High-temperature enthalpy and critical property measurements using differential scanning calorimeter, Fluid Phase Equilib., 1989, 52, 185. [all data]

Brunner, 1988
Brunner, E., Fluid mixtures at high pressure VII. Phase separations and critical phenomena in 12 binary mixtures containing ammonia, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 1397-1409. [all data]

Goodwin, 1988
Goodwin, R.D., Benzene thermophysical properties from 279 to 900 K at pressures to 1000 bar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1988, 17, 1541-636. [all data]

Ambrose, 1987
Ambrose, D., Vapor Pressures of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 1007. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Kay and Kreglewski, 1983
Kay, W.B.; Kreglewski, A., Critical-locus curves and liquid-vapor equilibria in the binary systems of benzene with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide., Fluid Phase Equilib., 1983, 11, 251-65. [all data]

Ewing, McGlashan, et al., 1981
Ewing, M.B.; McGlashan, M.L.; Tzias, P., Phase equilibria, and critical temperatures and pressures, of fluid (benzene + hexafluorobenzene), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 527. [all data]

Hugill and McGlashan, 1981
Hugill, J.A.; McGlashan, M.L., Phase equilibria, and critical temperatures and pressures, of fluid (cyclohexane + hexafluorobenzene), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 429-36. [all data]

Akhundov and Abdullaev, 1977
Akhundov, T.S.; Abdullaev, F.G., Experimental study of the specific volumes of benzene in the critical region and determination of the critical specific volume, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Neft Gaz, 1977, 20, 2, 73-7. [all data]

Raetzsch and Strauch, 1972
Raetzsch, M.T.; Strauch, G., Gas-Liquid Critical Temperatures of Binary Mixtures, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1972, 249, 243-252. [all data]

Artyukhovskaya, Shimanskaya, et al., 1970
Artyukhovskaya, L.M.; Shimanskaya, E.T.; Shimanskii, Yu.I., Coexistence curve and isothermal compressibility of benzene near the liquid-vapor critical point., Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Ukr. Ed.), 1970, 15, 1974. [all data]

Campbell and Musbally, 1970
Campbell, A.N.; Musbally, G.M., Vapor pressures and vapor = liquid equilibria in the system: (1) acetone - chloroform, (2) acetone-carbon tetrachloride, (3) benzene-carbon tetrachloride, Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 3173. [all data]

Kobe and Mathews, 1970
Kobe, K.A.; Mathews, J.F., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Organic Nitrogen and Oxygen Compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 182. [all data]

Campbell and Chatterjee, 1969
Campbell, A.N.; Chatterjee, R.M., The critical constants and orthobaric densities of acetone, chloroform benzene, and carbon tetrachloride, Can. J. Chem., 1969, 47, 3893-8. [all data]

Campbell and Chatterjee, 1968
Campbell, A.N.; Chatterjee, R.M., Orthobaric Data of Certain Pure Liquids in the Neighborhood of the Critical Point, Can. J. Chem., 1968, 46, 575-81. [all data]

Makhan'ko and Nozdrev, 1964
Makhan'ko, I.G.; Nozdrev, V.F., Investigation of Ultrasonic Absorption in the Binary Mixture Benzene-Methyl Alcohol ALong the Saturation Line, Including the Critical Region, Akust. Zh., 1964, 10, 249. [all data]

Skaates and Kay, 1964
Skaates, J.M.; Kay, W.B., The Phase Relations of Binary Systems that Form Azeotropes: N-Alkyl Alcohol-Benzene Systems: Methanol Through N-Butanol, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1964, 19, 431-44. [all data]

Cheng, 1963
Cheng, D.C.H., Critical temperatures and volumes of some binary systems, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1963, 18, 715. [all data]

Connolly and Kandalic, 1962
Connolly, J.F.; Kandalic, G.A., Saturation Properties and Liquid Compressibilities for Benzene and n-Octane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1962, 7, 137. [all data]

Ambrose, Cox, et al., 1960
Ambrose, D.; Cox, J.D.; Townsend, R., The critical temperatures of forty organic compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960, 56, 1452. [all data]

McCracken, Storvick, et al., 1960
McCracken, P.G.; Storvick, T.S.; Smith, J.M., Phase Behavior from Enthalpy Measurements. Oentane-Ethyl Alcohol and n-Pentane-Ethyl Alcohol Systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 130-2. [all data]

Partington, Rowlinson, et al., 1960
Partington, E.J.; Rowlinson, J.S.; Weston, J.F., The Gas-Liquid Critical Temperatures of Binary Mixtures. Part 1., Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960, 56, 479. [all data]

Ambrose and Grant, 1957
Ambrose, D.; Grant, D.G., The Critical Temperatures of Some Hydrocarbons and Pyridine Bases, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 771. [all data]

Krichevskii, Khazanova, et al., 1957
Krichevskii, I.R.; Khazanova, N.E.; Linshits, L.R., The Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium in the Benzene-Methanol System at High Pressures, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1957, 31, 2711-6. [all data]

Simon, 1957
Simon, M., Methods and Apparatus Used at the Bureau of Physicochemical Standards XV. Critical Constants and Straight-Line Diameters of Ten Hydrocarbons, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1957, 66, 375-81. [all data]

Kreglewski, 1955
Kreglewski, A., The Critical Temperatures of Mixtures formed by Benzene and n-Octane with Iso-Alcohols, Rocz. Chem., 1955, 29, 754. [all data]

Bender, Furukawa, et al., 1952
Bender, P.; Furukawa, G.T.; Hyndman, J.R., Vapor Pressure of Benzene Above 100 C, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44, 387. [all data]

Kay and Nevens, 1952
Kay, W.B.; Nevens, T.D., Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Relations in Binary Systems: the Ethane-benzene SYStem, Chem. Eng. Prog., Symp. Ser., 1952, 48, 3, 108. [all data]

Gornowski, Amick, et al., 1947
Gornowski, E.J.; Amick, E.H.; Hixson, A.N., Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations of Benzene, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 1348. [all data]

Fischer and Reichel, 1943
Fischer, R.; Reichel, T., Determination of the Critical Temperature BY Means of the Micro Melting-Point Apparatus, Mikrochem. Ver. Mikrochim. Acta, 1943, 31, 102. [all data]

Harand, 1935
Harand, J., The Critical Temperature as a Microchemical Characteristic, Monatsh. Chem., 1935, 65, 153-84. [all data]

Young, 1910
Young, S., The Internal Heat of Vaporization constants of thirty pure substances, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1910, 12, 374. [all data]

Livingston, Morgan, et al., 1908
Livingston, J.; Morgan, R.; Higgins, E., The Weight of Falling Drops and Tate's Laws. Determination of Molecular Weights and Critical Temp. of Liquids Using Drop Weights: II., Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1908, 64, 170. [all data]

Schamhardt, 1908
Schamhardt, , Thesis, Amsterdam, 1908. [all data]

Radice, 1899
Radice, G., , Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of Geneve, 1899. [all data]

Altschul, 1893
Altschul, M., The critical values of some organic compounds, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1893, 11, 577. [all data]

Schmidt, 1891
Schmidt, G.C., The Critical Temperature of Liquid Mixtures, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1891, 266, 266-92. [all data]

Young, 1889
Young, S., On the Vapor Pressures and SPecific Volumes of Similar Compounds of Elements in Relation to the Position of Those Elements in the Periodic Table, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1889, 55, 486. [all data]

Ramsay, 1881
Ramsay, W., Proc. R. Soc. London, 1881, 31, 194-205. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Critical temperature, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Tc	Critical temperature

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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