Germanium difluoride
- Formula: F2Ge
- Molecular weight: 110.64
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/F2Ge/c1-3-2
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GGJOARIBACGTDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 13940-63-1
- Chemical structure:
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tfus | 385. | K | N/A | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC |
| Tfus | 385. | K | N/A | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1970 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔsubH° | 19.8 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | MS | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971 | AC |
| ΔsubH° | 22.3 ± 2.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971 | AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
| ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.21 | (corrected to 298.K) | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971 | AC |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to F2Ge+ (ion structure unspecified)
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| >1.30 ± 0.30 | EIAE | Harland, Cradock, et al., 1972 | From GeF4; G2MP2 calculations indicate an EA of ca. 0.7 eV; B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12.9 ± 0.3 | EI | Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971, 2 | LLK |
| 11.8 ± 0.1 | EI | Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
| 11.65 | PE | Jonkers, Van Der Kerk, et al., 1982 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
Appearance energy determinations
| Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeF+ | 14.0 ± 0.3 | F | EI | Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
| Ge+ | 18.8 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox
State: B ?
| Energy (cm-1) |
Med. | Transition | λmin (nm) |
λmax (nm) |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tx = 68400 | T | gas | B-X | 136 | 156 | Gole, Hauge, et al., 1972 | |
State: A
| Energy (cm-1) |
Med. | Transition | λmin (nm) |
λmax (nm) |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To = 43860.9 | gas | A-X | 215 | 265 | Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968 | ||
| Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | |||||||
| Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998 | |||||||
| Vib. sym. |
No. | Approximate type of mode |
cm-1 | Med. | Method | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a1 | 1 | Sym. stretch | 623.8 ± 0.6 | gas | LF | Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | |
| 2 | Bend | 159.6 | gas | AB LF | Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968 Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | ||
State: a
| Energy (cm-1) |
Med. | Transition | λmin (nm) |
λmax (nm) |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To = 30582.1 | gas | a-X | 300 | 380 | Martin and Merer, 1973 | ||
| Yagi and Takahashi, 1992 | |||||||
| Yagi, Ohta, et al., 1993 | |||||||
| Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | |||||||
| Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998 | |||||||
| Vib. sym. |
No. | Approximate type of mode |
cm-1 | Med. | Method | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a1 | 1 | Sym. stretch | 673.1 ± 0.5 | gas | LF | Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | |
| 2 | Bend | 192.2 | gas | EM LF | Martin and Merer, 1973 Yagi and Takahashi, 1992 Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994 | ||
State: X
| Vib. sym. |
No. | Approximate type of mode |
cm-1 | Med. | Method | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a1 | 1 | Sym. stretch | 663 | gas | IR | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 | |
| 1 | Sym. stretch | 655 | Ne | IR | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 | ||
| 1 | Sym. stretch | 648 | Ar | IR Ra | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974 | ||
| 1 | Sym. stretch | 653 | N2 | Ra | Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974 | ||
| 2 | Bend | 263 ± 2 | gas | AB EM | Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968 Martin and Merer, 1973 Yagi and Takahashi, 1992 | ||
| b2 | 3 | Asym. stretch | 692 | gas | IR | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 | |
| 3 | Asym. stretch | 685 | Ne | IR | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 | ||
| 3 | Asym. stretch | 676 | Ar | IR | Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 | ||
Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 101; Jacox, 1998, page 198; Jacox, 2003, page 140; Takeo, Curl, et al., 1971; Takeo and Curl, 1972
Notes
| T | Tentative assignment or approximate value |
| o | Energy separation between the v = 0 levels of the excited and electronic ground states. |
| x | Energy separation between the band maximum of the excited electronic state and the v = 0 level of the ground state. |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971
Adams, G.P.; Margrave, J.L.; Steiger, Ronald P.; Wilson, P.W.,
The enthalpy of sublimation of germanium difluoride and the thermodynamics of sublimation of the Group IVa difluorides,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1971, 3, 3, 297-305, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(71)80046-0
. [all data]
Adams, Margrave, et al., 1970
Adams, G.P.; Margrave, J.L.; Wilson, P.W.,
The Enthalpy of Formation of Germanium Difluoride,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 741-4. [all data]
Harland, Cradock, et al., 1972
Harland, P.W.; Cradock, S.; Thynne, J.C.J.,
Positive- and negative-ion formation due to the electron bombardment of germanium tetrafluoride,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 10, 169. [all data]
Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971, 2
Adams, G.P.; Margrave, J.L.; Steiger, R.P.; Wilson, P.W.,
The enthalpy of sublimation of germanium difluoride and the thermodynamics of sublimation of the Group IVa difluorides,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 297. [all data]
Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968
Zmbov, K.F.; Hastie, J.W.; Hauge, R.; Margrave, J.L.,
Formation of polymeric (GeF2)n in the vapor phase over GeF2,
Inorg. Chem., 1968, 7, 608. [all data]
Jonkers, Van Der Kerk, et al., 1982
Jonkers, G.; Van Der Kerk, S.M.; Mooyman, R.; De Lange, C.A.,
UV photoelectron spectroscopy of transient species: Germanium difluoride (GeF2),
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 90, 252. [all data]
Gole, Hauge, et al., 1972
Gole, J.L.; Hauge, R.H.; Margrave, J.L.; Hastie, J.W.,
The vaccum ultraviolet spectra of SiF2 and GeF2,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 43, 3, 441, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(72)90055-0
. [all data]
Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968
Hauge, R.; Khanna, V.M.; Margrave, L.,
Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of GeF2,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 27, 1-4, 143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(68)90026-X
. [all data]
Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
Karolczak, J.; Grev, R.S.; Clouthier, D.J.,
Pyrolysis jet spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the S1 and T1 states of germanium difluoride,
J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 2, 891, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467742
. [all data]
Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998
Boyle, K.J.; Seccombe, D.P.; Tuckett, R.P.; Baumgartel, H.; Jochims, H.W.,
Vacuum--UV fluorescence spectroscopy of GeF4 in the 10--25 eV range,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1998, 294, 6, 507, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00881-1
. [all data]
Martin and Merer, 1973
Martin, R.W.; Merer, A.J.,
A New Electronic Emission System of GeF,
Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 7, 727, https://doi.org/10.1139/p73-097
. [all data]
Yagi and Takahashi, 1992
Yagi, S.; Takahashi, N.,
Anomalous intense ultraviolet emission bands in the radio-frequency glow discharges of GeH4-fluorocarbon-H2 mixtures,
Appl. Phys. Lett., 1992, 61, 22, 2677, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108106
. [all data]
Yagi, Ohta, et al., 1993
Yagi, S.; Ohta, T.; Saito, K.; Obi, K.,
Selective excitation of GeF and GeF2 in glow discharges of GeF4,
J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 74, 3, 1480, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.354846
. [all data]
Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
Hastie, J.W.; Hauge, R.; Margrave, J.L.,
Infrared vibrational properties of germanium difluoride,
J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 13, 4492, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100859a020
. [all data]
Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974
Huber, H.; Kundig, E.P.; Ozin, G.A.; Vander Voet, A.,
Matrix Infrared and Laser Raman Spectra, Molecular Structures and Normal Coordinate Analyses of Germanium Difluoride, Monomer GeF,
Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 1, 95, https://doi.org/10.1139/v74-013
. [all data]
Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E.,
Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]
Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E.,
Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017
. [all data]
Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E.,
Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629
. [all data]
Takeo, Curl, et al., 1971
Takeo, H.; Curl, R.F.; Wilson, P.W.,
Microwave spectrum of GeF2,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 38, 3, 464, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(71)90072-5
. [all data]
Takeo and Curl, 1972
Takeo, H.; Curl, R.F.,
Microwave spectrum of GeF2: quadrupole coupling and centrifugal distortion,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 43, 1, 21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(72)90160-9
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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