Methyl radical

• Formula: CH₃
• Molecular weight: 15.0345
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH3/h1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 2229-07-4
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Methyl-d3 radical
  • Methyl-d3 radical
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to CH₃⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Cation De-protonation reactions

CH₂^- +  =

By formula: CH₂^- + H⁺ = CH₃⁺

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + CH₃ = (Co⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + CH₃ = (Cr⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + CH₃ = (Cu⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CH₃ = (Fe⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + CH₃ = (La⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Lu⁺ + CH₃ = (Lu⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + CH₃ = (Mn⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + CH₃ = (Ni⁺ • CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Si⁺ + CH₃ = (Si⁺ • CH₃)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Si⁺ • CH₃) + CH₃ = (Si⁺ • 2CH₃)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Si⁺ • 2CH₃) + CH₃ = (Si⁺ • 3CH₃)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Si⁺ • 3CH₃) + CH₃ = (Si⁺ • 4CH₃)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + CH₃ = (Y⁺ • CH₃)

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   4f ²E'?

State:   4p ²A₂

State:   3d ²A₁'

State:   3d ²E

State:   3p ²A₂

State:   3s ²A₁'

State:   X

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 125; Jacox, 1998, page 214; Jacox, 2003, page 156; Frye, Sears, et al., 1988; Parker, Wang, et al., 1989; Sears, Frye, et al., 1989; Westre and Kelly, 1989; Miller, Burton, et al., 1989; Fawzy, Sears, et al., 1990; Rudolph, Hall, et al., 1996

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978
Ellison, G.B.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C., An experimental determination of the geometry and electron affinity of CH₃, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2556. [all data]

Feldman, Rackwitz, et al., 1977
Feldman, D.; Rackwitz, R.; Kaiser, H.J.; Heincke, E., Photodetachment bei einigen neagtiven molekulionen: P₂-, As₂-, CH₂-, CH₃-, S₃-, Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1977, 32, 600. [all data]

Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972
Bohme, D.K.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Young, L.B., Acidity order of selected bronsted acids in the gas phase at 300K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5153. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Page, 1972
Page, F.M., Experimental determination of the electron affinities of inorganic radicals, Adv. Chem. Ser., 1972, 36, 68. [all data]

Page and Goode, 1969
Page, F.M.; Goode, G.C., Negative Ions and the Magnetron., Wiley, NY, 1969. [all data]

Gaines and Page, 1968
Gaines, A.F.; Page, F.M., The Stabilities of Negative Ions.I. The Methyl-, Diphenylmethyl, and Triphenylmethyl Negative Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 4-5, 315, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(68)85008-9 . [all data]

Berkowitz, Ellison, et al., 1994
Berkowitz, J.; Ellison, G.B.; Gutman, D., Three methods to measure RH bond energies, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 2744. [all data]

Nagano, Murthy, et al., 1993
Nagano, Y.; Murthy, S.; Beauchamp, J.L., Thermochemical properties and gas-phase ion chemistry of phenylsilane investigated by FT-ICR spectrometry. Identification of parent- and fragment-ion structural isomers by their specific reactivities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 10805. [all data]

Houle and Beauchamp, 1979
Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoelectron spectroscopy of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl radicals. Implications for the thermochemistry and structures of the radicals and their corresponding carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 4067. [all data]

Reeher, Flesch, et al., 1976
Reeher, J.R.; Flesch, G.D.; Svec, H.J., The mass spectra and ionization potentials of the neutral fragments produced during the electron bombardment of aromatic compounds, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 154. [all data]

Kaposi, Riedel, et al., 1975
Kaposi, O.; Riedel, M.; Sanchez, G.R., Mass-spectrometric study of electron-impact and heterogeneous pyrolytic decomposition of methyl bromide, Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1975, 85, 361. [all data]

Golob, Jonathan, et al., 1973
Golob, L.; Jonathan, N.; Morris, A.; Okuda, M.; Ross, K.J., The first ionization potential of the methyl radical as determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 506. [all data]

Potts, Glenn, et al., 1972
Potts, A.W.; Glenn, K.G.; Price, W.C., General discussion, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 64. [all data]

Jonathan, 1972
Jonathan, N., General discussion, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 64. [all data]

Lossing and Semeluk, 1970
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLII.Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 955. [all data]

Williams and Hamill, 1968
Williams, J.M.; Hamill, W.H., Ionization potentials of molecules and free radicals and appearance potentials by electron impact in the mass spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 4467. [all data]

Chupka and Lifshitz, 1968
Chupka, W.A.; Lifshitz, C., Photoionization of CH₃⁺; heat of formation of CH₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1109. [all data]

Elder, Giese, et al., 1962
Elder, F.A.; Giese, C.; Steiner, B.; Inghram, M., Photo-ionization of alkyl free radicals, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 3292. [all data]

Herzberg and Shoosmith, 1956
Herzberg, G.; Shoosmith, J., Absorption spectrum of free CH₃ and CD₃ radicals, Can. J. Phys., 1956, 34, 523. [all data]

Dyke, Jonathan, et al., 1976
Dyke, J.; Jonathan, N.; Lee, E.; Morris, A., Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of transient species, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1976, 72, 1385. [all data]

Koenig, Balle, et al., 1975
Koenig, T.; Balle, T.; Snell, W., Helium(I) photoelectron spectra of organic radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 662. [all data]

Potts, Glenn, et al., 1972, 2
Potts, A.W.; Glenn, K.G.; Price, W.C., General discussion, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 65. [all data]

Waldron, 1956
Waldron, J.D., The ionization and dissociation of methyl radicals on electron impact, Metropolitan Vickers Gaz., 1956, 27, 66. [all data]

Leopold, Murray, et al., 1985
Leopold, D.G.; Murray, K.K.; Miller, A.E.S.; Lineberger, W.C., Methylene: A study of the X3B1 and the 1A1 states by photoelectron spectroscopy of CH₂^- and CD₂^-, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 4849. [all data]

Fisher, Sunderlin, et al., 1989
Fisher, E.R.; Sunderlin, L.S.; Armentrout, P.B., Guided Ion Beam Studies of the Reactions of CO+ and Ni+ with CH3X (X=Cl, Br, I). Implications for the Metal-Methyl Ion Bond Energies, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 21, 7375, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100358a026 . [all data]

Georgiadis, Fisher, et al., 1989
Georgiadis, R.; Fisher, E.R.; Armentrout, P.B., Neutral and Ionic Metal-Hydrogen and Metal-Carbon Bond Energies: Reactions of Co+, Ni+, and Cu+ with Ethane, Propane, Methylpropane, and Dimethylpropane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 12, 4251, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a016 . [all data]

Georgiadis and Armentrout, 1989
Georgiadis, R.; Armentrout, P.B., Reactions of Ground State Cr+ with C2H6, C2H4, cyclo-C3H6, and cyclo-C2H4O: Bond Energies for CrCHn+ (n= 1-3), Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1989, 89, 2-3, 227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(89)83062-9 . [all data]

Fisher, Schultz, et al., 1989
Fisher, E.R.; Schultz, r.H.; Armentrout, P.B., Guided Ion Beam Studies of the State - Specific Reactions of Fe+(6D,4F) with CH3X (X = Cl, Br, I), J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 21, 7382, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100358a027 . [all data]

Schultz, Elkind, et al., 1988
Schultz, R.H.; Elkind, J.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Electronic Effects in C-H and C-C Bond Activation: State-Specific Reactions of Fe+(6D,4F) with Methane, Ethane and Propane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 2, 411, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a017 . [all data]

Sunderlin and Armentrout, 1989
Sunderlin, L.S.; Armentrout, P.B., Periodic Trends in Chemical Reactivity: Reactions of Sc+, Y+, La+, and Lu+ with Methane and Ethane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 11, 3845, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00193a015 . [all data]

Georgiadis and Armentrout, 1989, 2
Georgiadis, R.; Armentrout, P.B., Translational and Electronic Energy Dependence of the Reaction of Mn+ with Ethane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1989, 91, 2, 123, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(89)83003-4 . [all data]

Lin, Dunbar, et al., 1996
Lin, C.-Y.; Dunbar, R.C.; Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B.; Tonner, D.S.; McMahon, T.J., The Dissociation Thermochemistry of Tetramethylsilane Ion. Comparative Determination by Thermal Dissociation and Threshold Collisional Dissociation, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 50, 19659, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp962523s . [all data]

Hudgens, DiGiuseppe, et al., 1983
Hudgens, J.W.; DiGiuseppe, T.G.; Lin, M.C., Two photon resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy and state assignments of the methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 79, 2, 571, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445857 . [all data]

Black and Powis, 1988
Black, J.F.; Powis, I., Rotational structure and predissociation dynamics of the methyl 4pz(v=0) Rydberg state investigated by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 7, 3986, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454832 . [all data]

Herzberg, 1961
Herzberg, G., The Bakerian Lecture. The Spectra and Structures of Free Methyl and Free Methylene, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A262, 1961, 262, 1310, 291, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1961.0120 . [all data]

Milligan and Jacox, 1967
Milligan, D.E.; Jacox, M.E., Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Study of the Products of the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Photolysis of Methane in Ar and N2 Matrices. The Infrared Spectrum of the Free Radical CH3, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 12, 5146, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1701772 . [all data]

DiGiuseppe, Hudgens, et al., 1982
DiGiuseppe, T.G.; Hudgens, J.W.; Lin, M.C., Multiphoton ionization of methyl radicals in the gas phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 1, 36, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100390a008 . [all data]

Heinze, Heberle, et al., 1994
Heinze, J.; Heberle, N.; Kohse-Hoinghaus, K., The CH3 3pz2A2´´ ← X 2A2´´ 000 band at temperatures up to 1700 K investigated by REMPI spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 223, 4, 305, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00469-2 . [all data]

Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2005
Zhang, B.; Zhang, J.; Liu, K., Imaging the "missing" bands in the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection of methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 10, 104310, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1859277 . [all data]

Fu, Hu, et al., 2005
Fu, H.B.; Hu, Y.J.; Bernstein, E.R., IR/UV double resonant spectroscopy of the methyl radical: Determination of ν[sub 3] in the 3p[sub z] Rydberg state, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 123, 23, 234307, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2135772 . [all data]

Callear and Metcalfe, 1976
Callear, A.B.; Metcalfe, M.P., Oscillator strengths of the bands of the B2 A´1---X2 A´´2 system of CD3 and a spectroscopic measurement of the recombination rate comparison with CH3, Chem. Phys., 1976, 14, 2, 275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(76)80045-6 . [all data]

Westre, Gansberg, et al., 1992
Westre, S.G.; Gansberg, T.E.; Kelly, P.B.; Ziegler, L.D., Structure and dynamics of higher vibronic levels in the methyl radical Rydberg 3s state, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 9, 3610, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100188a012 . [all data]

Settersten, Farrow, et al., 2003
Settersten, T.B.; Farrow, R.L.; Gray, J.A., Coherent infrared--ultraviolet double-resonance spectroscopy of CH3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 370, 1-2, 204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00062-9 . [all data]

Holt, McCurdy, et al., 1984
Holt, P.L.; McCurdy, K.E.; Weisman, R.B.; Adams, J.S.; Engel, P.S., Transient CARS spectroscopy of the ν1 band of methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 7, 3349, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.448000 . [all data]

Kelly and Westre, 1988
Kelly, P.B.; Westre, S.G., Resonance Raman spectroscopy of the methyl radical, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 151, 3, 253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)85284-9 . [all data]

Triggs, Zahedi, et al., 1992
Triggs, N.E.; Zahedi, M.; Nibler, J.W.; DeBarber, P.; Valentini, J.J., High resolution study of the ν1 vibration of CH3 by coherent Raman photofragment spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 3, 1822, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462083 . [all data]

Zahedi, Harrison, et al., 1994
Zahedi, M.; Harrison, J.A.; Nibler, J.W., 266 nm CH3I photodissociation: CH3 spectra and population distributions by coherent Raman spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 100, 6, 4043, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.466342 . [all data]

Hadrich, Hefter, et al., 1996
Hadrich, S.; Hefter, S.; Pfelzer, B.; Doerk, T.; Jauernik, P.; Uhlenbusch, J., Determination of the absolute Raman cross section of methyl, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1996, 256, 1-2, 83, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(96)00411-3 . [all data]

Tan, Winer, et al., 1972
Tan, L.Y.; Winer, A.M.; Pimentel, G.C., Infrared Spectrum of Gaseous Methyl Radical by Rapid Scan Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 9, 4028, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1678876 . [all data]

Yamada, Hirota, et al., 1981
Yamada, C.; Hirota, E.; Kawaguchi, K., Diode laser study of the ν2 band of the methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 11, 5256, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441991 . [all data]

Wormhoudt and McCurdy, 1989
Wormhoudt, J.; McCurdy, K.E., A measurement of the strength of the ν2 band of CH3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 156, 1, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)87078-2 . [all data]

Stancu, Ropcke, et al., 2005
Stancu, G.D.; Ropcke, J.; Davies, P.B., Line strengths and transition dipole moment of the ν[sub 2] fundamental band of the methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 1, 014306, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1812755 . [all data]

Snelson, 1970
Snelson, A., Infrared matrix isolation spectrum of the methyl radical produced by pyrolysis of methyl iodide and dimethyl mercury, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 3, 537, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100698a011 . [all data]

Jacox, 1977
Jacox, M.E., Matrix isolation study of the infrared spectrum and structure of the CH3 free radical, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1977, 66, 2, 272, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(77)90217-X . [all data]

Lee and Lee, 2011
Lee, Y.-F.; Lee, Y.-P., Infrared absorption of CH3SO2 observed upon irradiation of a p-H2 matrix containing CH3I and SO2, J. Chem. Phys., 2011, 1334, 12, 124314, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3567117 . [all data]

Amano, Bernath, et al., 1982
Amano, T.; Bernath, P.F.; Yamada, C.; Endo, Y.; Hirota, E., Difference frequency laser spectroscopy of the ν3 band of the CH3 radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 11, 5284, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.443797 . [all data]

Tanarro, Sanz, et al., 1994
Tanarro, I.; Sanz, M.M.; Bermejo, D.; Domingo, C.; Santos, J., Double modulation-high resolution infrared spectroscopic technique: The ν3 band of the CH3 radical and excited states of CH4 in a hollow cathode discharge, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 100, 1, 238, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.466991 . [all data]

Tanarro, Sanz, et al., 1994, 2
Tanarro, I.; Sanz, M.M.; Domingo, C.; Bermejo, D.; Santos, J.; Domenech, J.L., Transition dipole moment of the .nu.3 band of CH3, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 23, 5862, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100074a009 . [all data]

Bethardy and Macdonald, 1995
Bethardy, G.A.; Macdonald, R.G., Direct measurement of the transition dipole moment of the v3 asymmetric C--H stretching vibration of the CH3 radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 8, 2863, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.470499 . [all data]

Davis, Anderson, et al., 1997
Davis, S.; Anderson, D.T.; Duxbury, G.; Nesbitt, D.J., Jet-cooled molecular radicals in slit supersonic discharges: Sub-Doppler infrared studies of methyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 107, 15, 5661, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474259 . [all data]

Scherer, Aniolek, et al., 1997
Scherer, J.J.; Aniolek, K.W.; Cernansky, N.P.; Rakestraw, D.J., Determination of methyl radical concentrations in a methane/air flame by infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 107, 16, 6196, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474284 . [all data]

Kawaguchi, 2001
Kawaguchi, K., High-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectra of the CH, Can. J. Phys., 2001, 79, 2-3, 449, https://doi.org/10.1139/p00-093 . [all data]

Pacansky and Bargon, 1975
Pacansky, J.; Bargon, J., Low temperature photochemical studies on acetyl benzoyl peroxide. Observation of methyl and phenyl radicals by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 23, 6896, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00856a066 . [all data]

Momose, Miki, et al., 1995
Momose, T.; Miki, M.; Uchida, M.; Shimizu, T.; Yoshizawa, I.; Shida, T., Infrared spectroscopic studies on photolysis of methyl iodide and its clusters in solid parahydrogen, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 4, 1400, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469763 . [all data]

Tam, Macler, et al., 1997
Tam, S.; Macler, M.; Fajardo, M.E., Matrix isolation spectroscopy of laser ablated carbon species in Ne, D[sub 2], and H[sub 2] matrices, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 22, 8955, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.474028 . [all data]

Hoshina, Fushitani, et al., 2011
Hoshina, H.; Fushitani, M.; Momose, T., Infrared spectroscopy of rovibrational transitions of methyl radicals (CH3, CD3) in solid parahydrogen, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2011, 268, 1-2, 164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2011.04.014 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Frye, Sears, et al., 1988
Frye, J.M.; Sears, T.J.; Leitner, D., Diode laser spectroscopy of the ν2 band of CD3, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 9, 5300, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454588 . [all data]

Parker, Wang, et al., 1989
Parker, D.H.; Wang, Z.W.; Janssen, M.H.M.; Chandler, D.W., Laser ionization spectroscopy of CD3 via the 3pz 2A'2 Rydberg state, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 1, 60, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456466 . [all data]

Sears, Frye, et al., 1989
Sears, T.J.; Frye, J.M.; Spirko, V.; Kraemer, W.P., Extended measurements of the ν2 band of CD3 and the determination of the vibrational potential function for methyl, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 4, 2125, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456006 . [all data]

Westre and Kelly, 1989
Westre, S.G.; Kelly, P.B., Examination of CD3 vibrational structure by resonance Raman spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 12, 6977, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456273 . [all data]

Miller, Burton, et al., 1989
Miller, J.T.; Burton, K.A.; Weisman, R.B.; Wu, W.-X.; Engel, P.S., Cars spectroscopy of gas phase CD3, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 158, 3-4, 179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)87317-8 . [all data]

Fawzy, Sears, et al., 1990
Fawzy, W.M.; Sears, T.J.; Davies, P.B., Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of the ν3 fundamental of the CD3 radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 12, 7021, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458242 . [all data]

Rudolph, Hall, et al., 1996
Rudolph, R.N.; Hall, G.E.; Sears, T.J., Measurement of the ν3 fundamental transition moment and vibrational relaxation rates of the CD3 radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 18, 7889, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472704 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.