Nitric acid

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-32.101kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1963
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar63.669cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 1200.1200. to 6000.
A 4.69223023.29340
B 36.797301.297701
C -27.68590-0.246101
D 7.8584020.016241
E -0.059540-2.938131
F -35.10559-46.00650
G 59.2028982.17139
H -32.09990-32.09990
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1963 Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
9.23312.Holeci, 1966Based on data from 273. to 356. K.

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
210000.8700.RN/A missing citation assume the temperature dependence to be the same as for a(H+) a(NO3-) / p(HNO3) in missing citation.
2.4×10+6/KA8700.TN/AFor strong acids, the solubility is often expressed as kH = ([H+] * [A-]) / p(HA). To obtain the physical solubility of HA, the value has to be divided by the acidity constant KA. missing citation corrects erroneous data from missing citation.
2.6×10+68700.TN/A 
350000./KA8700.QN/AFor strong acids, the solubility is often expressed as kH = ([H+] * [A-]) / p(HA). To obtain the physical solubility of HA, the value has to be divided by the acidity constant KA. missing citation refer to several references in their list of Henry's law constants but they don't assign them to specific species.
89000. CN/A 
210000. TN/A 

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)179.6kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity174.8kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.57 ± 0.15NBIEMathur, Rothe, et al., 1976B
0.56 ± 0.17EndoPaulson and Dale, 1982B

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol) Reference Comment
160.2Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998PA at NO+ binding site, estimated from correlation of PAs with NO+ binding energies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
11.95 ± 0.01PELloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975LLK
11.96PEFrost, Lee, et al., 1975LLK
11.03 ± 0.01PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.2PEAmes and Turner, 1976Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
OH+16.6NO2PIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL
NO+13.07?PIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL
NO2+11.90OHPIJochims, Denzer, et al., 1992LL

De-protonation reactions

NO3 anion + Hydrogen cation = Nitric acid

By formula: NO3- + H+ = HNO3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr324.50 ± 0.20kcal/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B
Δr329.9 ± 4.8kcal/molNBAEMathur, Rothe, et al., 1976gas phase; From HNO3; B
Δr329.1 ± 5.8kcal/molEndoRefaey and Franklin, 1976gas phase; I- + HNO3 ->.; B
Δr324.50 ± 0.50kcal/molTDEqFerguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972gas phase; B
Δr356.30kcal/molEndoBerkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr317.80 ± 0.20kcal/molTDEqDavidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson


Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   ?


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

Tx = 73500 gas Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
Okabe, 1980

State:   ?


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

Tx = 54900 gas Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
Okabe, 1980

State:   ?


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

Tx = 38500 gas Johnston and Graham, 1973
Biaume, 1973
Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992

State:   ?


 Energy 
 (cm-1
 Med.   Transition   λmin 
 (nm) 
 λmax 
 (nm) 
 References

Td = 30300 U gas Johnston and Graham, 1973
Biaume, 1973
Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992

State:   X


Vib. 
sym. 
 No.   Approximate 
 type of mode 
 cm-1   Med.   Method   References

a' 1 OH stretch 3550.0 m gas IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
1 OH stretch 3522.3 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
1 OH stretch 3519.3 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
1 OH stretch 3491.8 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
2 NO2 a-stretch 1709.57 vs gas IR DL McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Bair and Brockman, 1979
Maki and Wells, 1980
May, Webster, et al., 1987
2 NO2 a-stretch 1709.57 vs gas LS Kleiner, Godefroid, et al., 1987
Maki, 1988
Tan, Looi, et al., 1992
2 NO2 a-stretch 1699.4 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
2 NO2 a-stretch 1696.2 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
2 NO2 a-stretch 1698.3 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
3 Mixed 1325.74 s gas IR DL McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Webster, May, et al., 1985
Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989
May and Webster, 1989
Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
3 Mixed 1321.4 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
3 Mixed 1318.7 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
3 Mixed 1346.1 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
4 Mixed 1303.52 vs gas IR DL McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989
May and Webster, 1989
Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
4 Mixed 1304.4 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
4 Mixed 1311.9 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
5 ON stretch 879.11 s gas IR DL McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Maki and Wells, 1984
Maki and Wells, 1992
Tan, Looi, et al., 1992, 2
Perrin, Jaouen, et al., 1993
Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
5 ON stretch 896.9 Ar IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
5 ON stretch 889.5 Ar IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
5 ON stretch 903.1 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
6 NO2 scissors 646.83 w gas IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Maki and Olson, 1989
Tan, Wang, et al., 1996
6 NO2 scissors 656.6 Ar IR Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
6 NO2 scissors 664.1 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
7 NO2 rock 580.30 w gas IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Maki and Olson, 1989
Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
7 NO2 rock 588.0 Ar IR Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
7 NO2 rock 597.5 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
a 8 ONO2 OPLA 763.15 s gas IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
Maki and Olson, 1989
Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
Wang, Looi, et al., 1996
8 ONO2 OPLA 763.6 Ar IR Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
8 ONO2 OPLA 767.7 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
9 Torsion 458.23 m gas IR McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
van der Veken, Pieters, et al., 1982
Goldman, Burkholder, et al., 1988
Sirota, Weber, et al., 1997
9 Torsion 479 N2 IR Guillory and Bernstein, 1975

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 271; Jacox, 1998, page 289; Jacox, 2003, page 274; Millen and Morton, 1960; Cox and Riveros, 1965; Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974; Cazzoli and De Lucia, 1979; Bowman, Helminger, et al., 1981; Ghosh, Blom, et al., 1981; Margitan and Watson, 1982; Messer, De Lucia, et al., 1984; Crownover, Booker, et al., 1988; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991, 2; Turnipseed, Vaghjiani, et al., 1992; Maki, Tan, et al., 1993; Schiffman, Nelson, et al., 1993; Tan, Looi, et al., 1994; Cox, Ellis, et al., 1994; Chou, Petkie, et al., 2002; Petkie, Helminger, et al., 2003

Notes

wWeak
mMedium
sStrong
vsVery strong
UUpper bound
xEnergy separation between the band maximum of the excited electronic state and the v = 0 level of the ground state.
dPhotodissociation threshold

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Holeci, 1966
Holeci, I., Chem. Prum., 1966, 16, 5, 267. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976
Mathur, B.P.; Rothe, E.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Mahajan, K.; Reck, G.P., Negative gaseous ions from nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 1247. [all data]

Paulson and Dale, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH-.H2O with NO2, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998
Bernardi, F.; Cacace, F.; de Petris, G.; Pepi, F.; Rossi, I., Gaseous [N2O5]H+, [N2O4]H+, and related species from the addition of NO2+ and NO+ ions to nitric acid and its derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 1987. [all data]

Lloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975
Lloyd, D.R.; Roberts, P.J.; Hillier, I.H., Electronic structure of nitric acid studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculation, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 496. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1975
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A.; Westwood, N.P.C., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of some nitrosyl and nitryl halides nitric acid, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 331. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Ames and Turner, 1976
Ames, D.L.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of dinitrogen tetroxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1976, 348, 175. [all data]

Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992
Jochims, H.-W.; Denzer, W.; Baumgartel, H.; Losking, O.; Willner, H., Photochemical decay reactions of N2O5, HNO3, ClNO3 and BrNO3 in the energy range 10-20 eV, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 573. [all data]

Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977
Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J., The heats of formation of NO3- and NO3- association complexes with HNO3 and HBr, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 17. [all data]

Refaey and Franklin, 1976
Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. V. Collision of I- on HNO3. The electron affinity of NO3, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4810. [all data]

Ferguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972
Ferguson, E.E.; Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Reactions of NO2- and NO3- with HCl and HBr, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1459. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of O2, O3, NO, NO2, and NO3 by Endothermic Charge Transfer, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2733, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676488 . [all data]

Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
Beddard, G.S.; Giachardi, D.J.; Wayne, R.P., The vacuum ultra-violet absorption spectrum of anhydrous nitric acid, J. Photochem., 1974, 3, 2, 321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(74)80041-9 . [all data]

Okabe, 1980
Okabe, H., Photodissociation of nitric acid and water in the vacuum ultraviolet; vibrational and rotational distributions of OH 2Σ+, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 12, 6642, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.439123 . [all data]

Johnston and Graham, 1973
Johnston, H.; Graham, R., Gas-phase ultraviolet absorption spectrum of nitric acid vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 1, 62, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100620a013 . [all data]

Biaume, 1973
Biaume, F., Nitric acid vapour absorption cross-section spectrum and its photodissociation in the stratosphere, J. Photochem., 1973, 2, 2, 139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(73)80012-7 . [all data]

Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992
Rattigan, O.; Lutman, E.R.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A., Temperature Dependent Absorption Cross-sections and Atmospheric Photolysis Rates of Nitric Acid, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 3, 399, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19920960331 . [all data]

McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
McGraw, G.E.; Bernitt, D.L.; Hisatsune, I.C., Vibrational Spectra of Isotopic Nitric Acids, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 1, 237, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1695682 . [all data]

Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, J.-W.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid argon: the infrared absorption of peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 7, 2814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100160a034 . [all data]

Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Guillory, W.A.; Bernstein, M.L., Infrared spectrum of matrix-isolated nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 3, 1058, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430519 . [all data]

Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
Chen, W.-J.; Lo, W.-J.; Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid nitrogen, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 10, 7167, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463541 . [all data]

Bair and Brockman, 1979
Bair, C.H.; Brockman, P., High-resolution spectral measurement of the HNO_3 59-µm band using a tunable diode laser, Appl. Opt., 1979, 18, 24, 4152, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.004152 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1980
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High-resolution measurement and analysis of the infrared spectrum of nitric acid near 1700 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1980, 82, 2, 427, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(80)90126-5 . [all data]

May, Webster, et al., 1987
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R.; Molina, L.T., Tunable diode laser measurements of absolute linestrengths in the HNO3 ν2 band near 5.8 μm, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1987, 38, 5, 381, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(87)90032-X . [all data]

Kleiner, Godefroid, et al., 1987
Kleiner, I.; Godefroid, M.; Herman, M.; McKellar, A.R.W., Infrared laser Stark spectrum of HNO_3 at 6 µm, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, 1987, 4, 7, 1159, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.4.001159 . [all data]

Maki, 1988
Maki, A.G., High-resolution measurements of the ν2 band of HNO3 and the ν3 band of trans-HONO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 127, 1, 104, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90012-4 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Improved spectroscopic constants for the ν2 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 155, 2, 420, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90532-S . [all data]

Webster, May, et al., 1985
Webster, C.R.; May, R.D.; Gunson, M.R., Tunable diode laser Stark modulation spectroscopy for rotational assignment of the HNO3 7.5 μm band, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 121, 4-5, 429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)87208-0 . [all data]

Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989
Perrin, A.; Lado-Bordowsky, O.; Valentin, A., The, Mol. Phys., 1989, 67, 2, 249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00268978900101061 . [all data]

May and Webster, 1989
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R., Measurements of line positions, intensities, and collisional air-broadening coefficients in the HNO3 7.5-μm band using a computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 138, 2, 383, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90006-4 . [all data]

Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Jaouen, V.; Farrenq, R.; Guelachvili, G., et al., Line Intensities in the 11- and 7.6-μm-Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 160, 2, 524, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1199 . [all data]

Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
Harwood, M.H.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A.; Lutman, E.; Rattigan, O.V., Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of N2O5, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 1993, 73, 3, 167, https://doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(93)90001-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1984
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High resolution spectrum of the ν5 band of nitric acid (HNO3) near 880 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1984, 108, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(84)90283-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1992
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., Measurement and analysis of the Fermi resonance between ν5 and 2ν9 of nitric acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 152, 1, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90117-7 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992, 2
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Spectrochim. Acta, 1992, 48A, 975. [all data]

Perrin, Jaouen, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Jaouen, V.; Valentin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C., The ν5 and 2ν9 Bands of Nitric Acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 157, 1, 112, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1009 . [all data]

Maki and Olson, 1989
Maki, A.G.; Olson, W.B., Infrared spectrum of the ν6, ν7, and ν8 bands of NHO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 133, 1, 171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90251-8 . [all data]

Tan, Wang, et al., 1996
Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Ong, P.P., Spectrochim. Acta, 1996, 52A, 1315. [all data]

Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Ong, P.P., Improved Spectroscopic Constants for the ν7and ν8Bands of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 176, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0080 . [all data]

Wang, Looi, et al., 1996
Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Ong, P.P., Line Intensities in the ν8Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 178, 1, 22, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0152 . [all data]

van der Veken, Pieters, et al., 1982
van der Veken, B.J.; Pieters, G.H.; Herman, M.A.; Durig, J.R., Internal rotation in nitric acid, J. Mol. Struct., 1982, 80, 467, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(82)87274-8 . [all data]

Goldman, Burkholder, et al., 1988
Goldman, A.; Burkholder, J.B.; Howard, C.J.; Escribano, R.; Maki, A.G., Spectroscopic constants for the ν9 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 131, 1, 195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90118-X . [all data]

Sirota, Weber, et al., 1997
Sirota, J.M.; Weber, M.; Reuter, D.C.; Perrin, A., HNO3: Absolute Line Intensities for the ν9Fundamental, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 184, 1, 140, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1997.7310 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Millen and Morton, 1960
Millen, D.J.; Morton, J.R., J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 1523. [all data]

Cox and Riveros, 1965
Cox, A.P.; Riveros, J.M., Microwave Spectrum and Structure of Nitric Acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 9, 3106, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1696387 . [all data]

Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974
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Notes

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