Nitric acid

Formula: HNO₃
Molecular weight: 63.0128
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7697-37-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data
- Ion clustering data
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
Options:
- Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-32.101	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1963
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	63.669	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K)	298. to 1200.	1200. to 6000.
A	4.692230	23.29340
B	36.79730	1.297701
C	-27.68590	-0.246101
D	7.858402	0.016241
E	-0.059540	-2.938131
F	-35.10559	-46.00650
G	59.20289	82.17139
H	-32.09990	-32.09990
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in June, 1963	Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
9.23	312.	Holeci, 1966	Based on data from 273. to 356. K.

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
210000.	8700.	R	N/A	missing citation assume the temperature dependence to be the same as for a(H⁺) a(NO₃^-) / p(HNO₃) in missing citation.
2.4×10⁺⁶/K_A	8700.	T	N/A	For strong acids, the solubility is often expressed as k_H = ([H⁺] * [A^-]) / p(HA). To obtain the physical solubility of HA, the value has to be divided by the acidity constant K_A. missing citation corrects erroneous data from missing citation.
2.6×10⁺⁶	8700.	T	N/A
350000./K_A	8700.	Q	N/A	For strong acids, the solubility is often expressed as k_H = ([H⁺] * [A^-]) / p(HA). To obtain the physical solubility of HA, the value has to be divided by the acidity constant K_A. missing citation refer to several references in their list of Henry's law constants but they don't assign them to specific species.
89000.		C	N/A
210000.		T	N/A

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	179.6	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	174.8	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.57 ± 0.15	NBIE	Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976	B
0.56 ± 0.17	Endo	Paulson and Dale, 1982	B

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol)	Reference	Comment
160.2	Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998	PA at NO+ binding site, estimated from correlation of PAs with NO+ binding energies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.95 ± 0.01	PE	Lloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975	LLK
11.96	PE	Frost, Lee, et al., 1975	LLK
11.03 ± 0.01	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
12.2	PE	Ames and Turner, 1976	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
OH⁺	16.6	NO₂	PI	Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992	LL
NO⁺	13.07	?	PI	Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992	LL
NO₂⁺	11.90	OH	PI	Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992	LL

De-protonation reactions

+ = Nitric acid

By formula: NO₃^- + H⁺ = HNO₃

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	324.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDEq	Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977	gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B
Δ_rH°	329.9 ± 4.8	kcal/mol	NBAE	Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976	gas phase; From HNO₃; B
Δ_rH°	329.1 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	Endo	Refaey and Franklin, 1976	gas phase; I^- + HNO₃ ->.; B
Δ_rH°	324.50 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDEq	Ferguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	356.30	kcal/mol	Endo	Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	317.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDEq	Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977	gas phase; Relative to HBr, reevaluated with current HBr acidity. Excited state at 3.0 eV,81WU /TIE.; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

liquid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR
0.48208331, 0.48208331, 0.48208331 cm^-1 resolution

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State: ?

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	References


T_x = 73500	gas	Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
		Okabe, 1980

State: ?

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	References


T_x = 54900	gas	Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
		Okabe, 1980

State: ?

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	References


T_x = 38500	gas	Johnston and Graham, 1973
		Biaume, 1973
		Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992

State: ?

Energy (cm^-1)		Med.	References


T_d = 30300	U	gas	Johnston and Graham, 1973
			Biaume, 1973
			Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992

State: X

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1		Med.	Method	References


a'	1	OH stretch	3550.0	m	gas	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
	1	OH stretch	3522.3		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	1	OH stretch	3519.3		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	1	OH stretch	3491.8		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	2	NO₂ a-stretch	1709.57	vs	gas	IR DL	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Bair and Brockman, 1979 Maki and Wells, 1980 May, Webster, et al., 1987
	2	NO₂ a-stretch	1709.57	vs	gas	LS	Kleiner, Godefroid, et al., 1987 Maki, 1988 Tan, Looi, et al., 1992
	2	NO₂ a-stretch	1699.4		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	2	NO₂ a-stretch	1696.2		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	2	NO₂ a-stretch	1698.3		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	3	Mixed	1325.74	s	gas	IR DL	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Webster, May, et al., 1985 Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989 May and Webster, 1989 Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993 Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
	3	Mixed	1321.4		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	3	Mixed	1318.7		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	3	Mixed	1346.1		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	4	Mixed	1303.52	vs	gas	IR DL	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989 May and Webster, 1989 Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993 Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
	4	Mixed	1304.4		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	4	Mixed	1311.9		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	5	ON stretch	879.11	s	gas	IR DL	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Maki and Wells, 1984 Maki and Wells, 1992 Tan, Looi, et al., 1992, 2 Perrin, Jaouen, et al., 1993 Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993 Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
	5	ON stretch	896.9		Ar	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
	5	ON stretch	889.5		Ar	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
	5	ON stretch	903.1		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	6	NO₂ scissors	646.83	w	gas	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Maki and Olson, 1989 Tan, Wang, et al., 1996
	6	NO₂ scissors	656.6		Ar	IR	Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	6	NO₂ scissors	664.1		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	7	NO₂ rock	580.30	w	gas	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Maki and Olson, 1989 Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
	7	NO₂ rock	588.0		Ar	IR	Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	7	NO₂ rock	597.5		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
a	8	ONO₂ OPLA	763.15	s	gas	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 Maki and Olson, 1989 Looi, Tan, et al., 1996 Wang, Looi, et al., 1996
	8	ONO₂ OPLA	763.6		Ar	IR	Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
	8	ONO₂ OPLA	767.7		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975 Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
	9	Torsion	458.23	m	gas	IR	McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965 van der Veken, Pieters, et al., 1982 Goldman, Burkholder, et al., 1988 Sirota, Weber, et al., 1997
	9	Torsion	479		N₂	IR	Guillory and Bernstein, 1975

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 271; Jacox, 1998, page 289; Jacox, 2003, page 274; Millen and Morton, 1960; Cox and Riveros, 1965; Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974; Cazzoli and De Lucia, 1979; Bowman, Helminger, et al., 1981; Ghosh, Blom, et al., 1981; Margitan and Watson, 1982; Messer, De Lucia, et al., 1984; Crownover, Booker, et al., 1988; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991, 2; Turnipseed, Vaghjiani, et al., 1992; Maki, Tan, et al., 1993; Schiffman, Nelson, et al., 1993; Tan, Looi, et al., 1994; Cox, Ellis, et al., 1994; Chou, Petkie, et al., 2002; Petkie, Helminger, et al., 2003

Notes

Weak

Medium

Strong

Very strong

Upper bound

Energy separation between the band maximum of the excited electronic state and the v = 0 level of the ground state.

Photodissociation threshold

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Holeci, 1966
Holeci, I., Chem. Prum., 1966, 16, 5, 267. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Mathur, Rothe, et al., 1976
Mathur, B.P.; Rothe, E.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Mahajan, K.; Reck, G.P., Negative gaseous ions from nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 1247. [all data]

Paulson and Dale, 1982
Paulson, J.F.; Dale, J., Reactions of OH^-.H₂O with NO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4006. [all data]

Bernardi, Cacace, et al., 1998
Bernardi, F.; Cacace, F.; de Petris, G.; Pepi, F.; Rossi, I., Gaseous [N2O5]H+, [N2O4]H+, and related species from the addition of NO2+ and NO+ ions to nitric acid and its derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 1987. [all data]

Lloyd, Roberts, et al., 1975
Lloyd, D.R.; Roberts, P.J.; Hillier, I.H., Electronic structure of nitric acid studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculation, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1975, 71, 496. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1975
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A.; Westwood, N.P.C., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of some nitrosyl and nitryl halides nitric acid, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 331. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Ames and Turner, 1976
Ames, D.L.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of dinitrogen tetroxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1976, 348, 175. [all data]

Jochims, Denzer, et al., 1992
Jochims, H.-W.; Denzer, W.; Baumgartel, H.; Losking, O.; Willner, H., Photochemical decay reactions of N₂O₅, HNO₃, ClNO₃ and BrNO₃ in the energy range 10-20 eV, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 573. [all data]

Davidson, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1977
Davidson, J.A.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Howard, C.J., The heats of formation of NO₃- and NO₃- association complexes with HNO₃ and HBr, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 17. [all data]

Refaey and Franklin, 1976
Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. V. Collision of I- on HNO₃. The electron affinity of NO₃, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4810. [all data]

Ferguson, Dunkin, et al., 1972
Ferguson, E.E.; Dunkin, D.B.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Reactions of NO₂^- and NO₃^- with HCl and HBr, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1459. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Gutman, D., Electron Affinities of O₂, O₃, NO, NO₂, and NO₃ by Endothermic Charge Transfer, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 6, 2733, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1676488 . [all data]

Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
Beddard, G.S.; Giachardi, D.J.; Wayne, R.P., The vacuum ultra-violet absorption spectrum of anhydrous nitric acid, J. Photochem., 1974, 3, 2, 321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(74)80041-9 . [all data]

Okabe, 1980
Okabe, H., Photodissociation of nitric acid and water in the vacuum ultraviolet; vibrational and rotational distributions of OH 2Σ+, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 12, 6642, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.439123 . [all data]

Johnston and Graham, 1973
Johnston, H.; Graham, R., Gas-phase ultraviolet absorption spectrum of nitric acid vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 1, 62, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100620a013 . [all data]

Biaume, 1973
Biaume, F., Nitric acid vapour absorption cross-section spectrum and its photodissociation in the stratosphere, J. Photochem., 1973, 2, 2, 139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(73)80012-7 . [all data]

Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992
Rattigan, O.; Lutman, E.R.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A., Temperature Dependent Absorption Cross-sections and Atmospheric Photolysis Rates of Nitric Acid, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 3, 399, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19920960331 . [all data]

McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
McGraw, G.E.; Bernitt, D.L.; Hisatsune, I.C., Vibrational Spectra of Isotopic Nitric Acids, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 1, 237, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1695682 . [all data]

Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, J.-W.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid argon: the infrared absorption of peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 7, 2814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100160a034 . [all data]

Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Guillory, W.A.; Bernstein, M.L., Infrared spectrum of matrix-isolated nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 3, 1058, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430519 . [all data]

Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
Chen, W.-J.; Lo, W.-J.; Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid nitrogen, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 10, 7167, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463541 . [all data]

Bair and Brockman, 1979
Bair, C.H.; Brockman, P., High-resolution spectral measurement of the HNO_3 59-µm band using a tunable diode laser, Appl. Opt., 1979, 18, 24, 4152, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.004152 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1980
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High-resolution measurement and analysis of the infrared spectrum of nitric acid near 1700 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1980, 82, 2, 427, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(80)90126-5 . [all data]

May, Webster, et al., 1987
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R.; Molina, L.T., Tunable diode laser measurements of absolute linestrengths in the HNO3 ν2 band near 5.8 μm, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1987, 38, 5, 381, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(87)90032-X . [all data]

Kleiner, Godefroid, et al., 1987
Kleiner, I.; Godefroid, M.; Herman, M.; McKellar, A.R.W., Infrared laser Stark spectrum of HNO_3 at 6 µm, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, 1987, 4, 7, 1159, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.4.001159 . [all data]

Maki, 1988
Maki, A.G., High-resolution measurements of the ν2 band of HNO3 and the ν3 band of trans-HONO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 127, 1, 104, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90012-4 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Improved spectroscopic constants for the ν2 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 155, 2, 420, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90532-S . [all data]

Webster, May, et al., 1985
Webster, C.R.; May, R.D.; Gunson, M.R., Tunable diode laser Stark modulation spectroscopy for rotational assignment of the HNO3 7.5 μm band, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 121, 4-5, 429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)87208-0 . [all data]

Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989
Perrin, A.; Lado-Bordowsky, O.; Valentin, A., The, Mol. Phys., 1989, 67, 2, 249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00268978900101061 . [all data]

May and Webster, 1989
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R., Measurements of line positions, intensities, and collisional air-broadening coefficients in the HNO3 7.5-μm band using a computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 138, 2, 383, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90006-4 . [all data]

Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Jaouen, V.; Farrenq, R.; Guelachvili, G., et al., Line Intensities in the 11- and 7.6-μm-Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 160, 2, 524, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1199 . [all data]

Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
Harwood, M.H.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A.; Lutman, E.; Rattigan, O.V., Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of N2O5, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 1993, 73, 3, 167, https://doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(93)90001-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1984
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High resolution spectrum of the ν5 band of nitric acid (HNO3) near 880 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1984, 108, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(84)90283-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1992
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., Measurement and analysis of the Fermi resonance between ν5 and 2ν9 of nitric acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 152, 1, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90117-7 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992, 2
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Spectrochim. Acta, 1992, 48A, 975. [all data]

Perrin, Jaouen, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Jaouen, V.; Valentin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C., The ν5 and 2ν9 Bands of Nitric Acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 157, 1, 112, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1009 . [all data]

Maki and Olson, 1989
Maki, A.G.; Olson, W.B., Infrared spectrum of the ν6, ν7, and ν8 bands of NHO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 133, 1, 171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90251-8 . [all data]

Tan, Wang, et al., 1996
Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Ong, P.P., Spectrochim. Acta, 1996, 52A, 1315. [all data]

Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Ong, P.P., Improved Spectroscopic Constants for the ν7and ν8Bands of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 176, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0080 . [all data]

Wang, Looi, et al., 1996
Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Ong, P.P., Line Intensities in the ν8Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 178, 1, 22, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0152 . [all data]

van der Veken, Pieters, et al., 1982
van der Veken, B.J.; Pieters, G.H.; Herman, M.A.; Durig, J.R., Internal rotation in nitric acid, J. Mol. Struct., 1982, 80, 467, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(82)87274-8 . [all data]

Goldman, Burkholder, et al., 1988
Goldman, A.; Burkholder, J.B.; Howard, C.J.; Escribano, R.; Maki, A.G., Spectroscopic constants for the ν9 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 131, 1, 195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90118-X . [all data]

Sirota, Weber, et al., 1997
Sirota, J.M.; Weber, M.; Reuter, D.C.; Perrin, A., HNO3: Absolute Line Intensities for the ν9Fundamental, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 184, 1, 140, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1997.7310 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Millen and Morton, 1960
Millen, D.J.; Morton, J.R., J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 1523. [all data]

Cox and Riveros, 1965
Cox, A.P.; Riveros, J.M., Microwave Spectrum and Structure of Nitric Acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 9, 3106, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1696387 . [all data]

Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974
Johnston, H.S.; Chang, S.-G.; Whitten, G., Photolysis of nitric acid vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100594a001 . [all data]

Cazzoli and De Lucia, 1979
Cazzoli, G.; De Lucia, F.C., Millimeter-wave spectrum, centrifugal distortion analysis, and energy levels of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1979, 76, 1-3, 131, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(79)90222-4 . [all data]

Bowman, Helminger, et al., 1981
Bowman, W.C.; Helminger, P.; De Lucia, F.C., Millimeter and submillimeter wave spectra of HNO2 (cis), HNO2 (trans), and HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1981, 88, 2, 431, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(81)90194-6 . [all data]

Ghosh, Blom, et al., 1981
Ghosh, P.N.; Blom, C.E.; Bauder, A., Microwave spectrum, centrifugal distortion analysis, and harmonic force field of nitric acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1981, 89, 1, 159, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(81)90167-3 . [all data]

Margitan and Watson, 1982
Margitan, J.J.; Watson, R.T., Kinetics of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with nitric acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 19, 3819, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100216a022 . [all data]

Messer, De Lucia, et al., 1984
Messer, JK.; De Lucia, F.C.; Helminger, P., The spectrum of HNO3 in the region 550--800 GHz, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1984, 104, 2, 417, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(84)90136-X . [all data]

Crownover, Booker, et al., 1988
Crownover, R.L.; Booker, R.A.; De Lucia, F.C.; Helminger, P., The rotational spectrum of nitric acid: The first five vibrational states, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1988, 40, 1, 39, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(88)90029-5 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1991
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., High resolution FTIR measurement and analysis of the ν8 band of deuterated nitric acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1991, 149, 2, 425, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90297-N . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1991, 2
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., Infrared spectrum of the ν9 and 2ν9-ν9 bands of deuterated nitric acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1991, 150, 2, 486, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90243-4 . [all data]

Turnipseed, Vaghjiani, et al., 1992
Turnipseed, A.A.; Vaghjiani, G.L.; Thompson, J.E.; Ravishankara, A.R., Photodissociation of HNO3 at 193, 222, and 248 nm: Products and quantum yields, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 8, 5887, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462685 . [all data]

Maki, Tan, et al., 1993
Maki, A.G.; Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Johns, J.W.C.; Nol, M., Infrared Spectrum of the ν6 and ν7 Bands of Deuterated Nitric Acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 157, 1, 248, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1020 . [all data]

Schiffman, Nelson, et al., 1993
Schiffman, A.; Nelson, D.D., Jr.; Nesbitt, D.J., Quantum yields for OH production from 193 and 248 nm photolysis of HNO3 and H2O2, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 9, 6935, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464735 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1994
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., FTIR Spectrum of the ν2 Band of Deuterated Nitric-Acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1994, 166, 1, 97, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1994.1175 . [all data]

Cox, Ellis, et al., 1994
Cox, A.P.; Ellis, M.C.; Attfield, C.J.; Ferris, A.C., Microwave spectrum of DNO3, and average structures of nitric and nitrous acids, J. Mol. Struct., 1994, 320, 91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(93)08008-R . [all data]

Chou, Petkie, et al., 2002
Chou, S.G.; Petkie, D.T.; Butler, R.A.H.; Miller, C.E., Rotational Spectroscopy of DNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2002, 211, 2, 284, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.2001.8482 . [all data]

Petkie, Helminger, et al., 2003
Petkie, D.T.; Helminger, P.; Butler, R.A.H.; Albert, S.; De Lucia, F.C., The millimeter and submillimeter spectra of the ground state and excited , , , and vibrational states of, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2003, 218, 1, 127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2852(02)00025-5 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
EA	Electron affinity
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.