Formyl radical

• Formula: CHO
• Molecular weight: 29.0180
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CHO/c1-2/h1H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 2597-44-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Methyl-d1 radical, oxo-
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to CHO⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   4p ²Π

State:   3p ²Π

State:   B

State:   A

State:   X

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 40; Jacox, 1998, page 146; Jacox, 2003, page 34; Austin, Levy, et al., 1974; Lowe and McKellar, 1981; Konig and Lademann, 1983; Blake, Sastry, et al., 1984; Endo and Hirota, 1988; Meier, Hunziker, et al., 1991; Shiu and Chen, 1994, 2; Tobiason, Dunlop, et al., 1995, 2; Tobiason and Rohlfing, 1996; Lee and Chen, 1996; Gripp, Kuczmann, et al., 2000; Rowling, Reid, et al., 2011

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Murray, Miller, et al., 1986
Murray, K.K.; Miller, T.M.; Leopold, D.G.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photoelectron spectroscopy of the Formylf anion, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 2520. [all data]

Dyke, 1987
Dyke, J.M., Properties of gas-phase ions, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1987, 83, 69. [all data]

Traeger, 1985
Traeger, J.C., Heat of formation for the formyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 66, 271. [all data]

Dyke, Jonathan, et al., 1980
Dyke, J.M.; Jonathan, N.B.H.; Morris, A.; Winter, M.J., The first ionization potential of the formyl radical, HCO(X²A'), studied using photoelectron spectroscopy, Mol. Phys., 1980, 39, 629. [all data]

Reed and Brand, 1958
Reed, R.I.; Brand, J.C.D., Electron impact studies. Part 4. Glyoxal, methylglyoxal and diacetyl, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1958, 54, 478. [all data]

Stock
Stock, C., Ber. Max-Planck-Inst. Stromungsforsch. 1996, 10. [all data]

Stock, Li, et al., 1997
Stock, C.; Li, X.; Keller, H.-M.; Schinke, R.; Temps, F., Unimolecular dissociation dynamics of highly vibrationally excited DCO (X 2A). I. Investigation of dissociative resonance states by stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 13, 5333, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.473603 . [all data]

Tjossem, Goodwin, et al., 1986
Tjossem, P.J.H.; Goodwin, P.M.; Cool, T.A., Two-photon resonance REMPI detection of the formyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 10, 5334, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449944 . [all data]

Tjossem, Cool, et al., 1988
Tjossem, P.J.H.; Cool, T.A.; Webb, D.A.; Grant, E.R., Spectroscopy of the 3p 2Π Rydberg state of HCO by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2, 617, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454188 . [all data]

Song and Cool, 1992
Song, X.-M.; Cool, T.A., Resonance ionization spectroscopy of HCO and DCO. I. The 3p 2Π Rydberg state, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 12, 8664, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462273 . [all data]

Robinson, Foltynowicz, et al., 2002
Robinson, J.D.; Foltynowicz, R.J.; Prentice, K.; Bell, P.; Grant, E.R., Laser-assisted (1+1´)-photon ionization-detected absorption spectrum of the 3pπ [sup 2]Π state of HCO and DCO, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 19, 8384, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1467329 . [all data]

Prentice, Nicodemus, et al., 2004
Prentice, K.; Nicodemus, R.; Rajaram, B.; Grant, E.R., Higher Vibrationally Excited Levels of the 3pπ, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 45, 10010, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp040413c . [all data]

Dixon, 1969
Dixon, R.N., Rotational structure of some hydrocarbon flame bands, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1969, 65, 3141, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9696503141 . [all data]

Sappey and Crosley, 1990
Sappey, A.D.; Crosley, D.R., Laser-induced fluorescence in the B--X system of the HCO radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 11, 7601, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459391 . [all data]

Cool and Song, 1992
Cool, T.A.; Song, X.-M., Resonance ionization spectroscopy of HCO and DCO. II. The B 2A' state, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 12, 8675, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462274 . [all data]

Adamson, Zhao, et al., 1993
Adamson, G.W.; Zhao, X.; Field, R.W., The HCO B2A´ ↔ X2A´ System: Fluorescence Excitation and Stimulated Emission Pumping Spectra, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 160, 1, 11, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1154 . [all data]

Shiu and Chen, 1994
Shiu, Y.J.; Chen, I-C., Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of HCO in a Supersonic Jet, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1994, 165, 2, 457, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1994.1148 . [all data]

Lee and Chen, 1995
Lee, S.-H.; Chen, I-C., Predissociation mechanism and spin-rotation constant of the HCO B 2A´ state, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 1, 104, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469648 . [all data]

Tobiason, Dunlop, et al., 1995
Tobiason, J.D.; Dunlop, J.R.; Rohlfing, E.A., The unimolecular dissociation of HCO: A spectroscopic study of resonance energies and widths, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 4, 1448, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.470699 . [all data]

Chang, Fan, et al., 1996
Chang, H.-A.; Fan, Y.-H.; Chen, I-C., J. Chin, 1996, Chem. Soc. 43, 217. [all data]

Lee, Chen, et al., 1997
Lee, S.-H.; Chen, I-C.; Adamson, G.W.; Field, R.W., The Fluorescence Excitation Spectrum of HCO2A´--X2A´, 000Band, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 182, 2, 385, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.7228 . [all data]

Gardner and Miller, 2004
Gardner, J.L.; Miller, S.M., B[sup 2]A[sup ´]-X[sup 2]A[sup ´] detection of vibrationally excited HCO produced by the O([sup 3]P)+C[sub 2]H[sub 4] reaction, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 12, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1774984 . [all data]

Milligan and Jacox, 1969
Milligan, D.E.; Jacox, M.E., Matrix-Isolation Study of the Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra of the Free Radical HCO. The Hydrocarbon Flame Bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 1, 277, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1671720 . [all data]

Jacox, 1978
Jacox, M.E., Assignment of the hydrocarbon flame bands. The C«58872»X transition of HCO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 56, 1, 43, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(78)80182-1 . [all data]

Herzberg and Ramsay, 1955
Herzberg, G.; Ramsay, D.A., The 7500 to 4500 angstrom Absorption System of the Free HCO Radical, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A233, 1955, 233, 1192, 34, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1955.0244 . [all data]

Johns, Priddle, et al., 1963
Johns, J.W.C.; Priddle, S.H.; Ramsay, D.A., Electronic absorption spectra of HCO and DCO radicals, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1963, 35, 90, https://doi.org/10.1039/df9633500090 . [all data]

Brown and Ramsay, 1975
Brown, J.M.; Ramsay, D.A., Axis Switching in the Transition of HCO: Determination of Molecular Geometry, Can. J. Phys., 1975, 53, 19, 2232, https://doi.org/10.1139/p75-269 . [all data]

Rumbles, Valentini, et al., 1989
Rumbles, G.; Valentini, J.J.; Stone, B.M.; Lee, E.K.C., Laser-induced fluorescence from the predissociating formyl radical. 1. Mechanism for the predissociation of the A2A" state, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 4, 1303, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100341a026 . [all data]

Rumbles, Lee, et al., 1990
Rumbles, G.; Lee, E.K.C.; Valentini, J.J., J. Chem. Soc., 1990, Faraday Trans. 86, 3837. [all data]

Hall, Suits, et al., 1993
Hall, G.; Suits, A.G.; Whitaker, B.J., Resonant degenerate four wave mixing detection of HCO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 203, 2-3, 277, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)85401-9 . [all data]

Scherer and Rakestraw, 1997
Scherer, J.J.; Rakestraw, D.J., Cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy detection of formyl (HCO) radical in a low pressure flame, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1997, 265, 1-2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(96)01403-0 . [all data]

Flad, Brown, et al., 2006
Flad, J.E.; Brown, S.S.; Burkholder, J.B.; Stark, H.; Ravishankara, A.R., Absorption cross sections for the ?2A? (0,90,0) ? X?2A? (0,01,0) band of the HCO radical, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2006, 8, 31, 3636, https://doi.org/10.1039/b607185f . [all data]

Stone, Noble, et al., 1985
Stone, B.M.; Noble, M.; Lee, E.K.C., Laser-induced fluorescence emission from HCO produced by 308 nm excimer laser photodissociation of acetaldehyde, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 118, 1, 83, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)85271-4 . [all data]

Dane, Lander, et al., 1988
Dane, C.B.; Lander, D.R.; Curl, R.F.; Tittel, F.K.; Guo, Y.; Ochsner, M.I.F.; Moore, C.B., Infrared flash kinetic spectroscopy of HCO, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 4, 2121, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454095 . [all data]

McKellar, Burkholder, et al., 1988
McKellar, A.R.W.; Burkholder, J.B.; Orlando, J.J.; Howard, C.J., Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the ν3 band of HCO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 130, 2, 445, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90091-4 . [all data]

Pettersson, Khriachtchev, et al., 1999
Pettersson, M.; Khriachtchev, L.; Jolkkonen, S.; Rasanen, M., Photochemistry of HNCO in Solid Xe: Channels of UV Photolysis and Creation of H, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 45, 9154, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp992224d . [all data]

Milligan and Jacox, 1964
Milligan, D.E.; Jacox, M.E., Infrared Spectrum of HCO, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 10, 3032, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725669 . [all data]

Landsberg, Merer, et al., 1977
Landsberg, B.M.; Merer, A.J.; Oka, T., Infrared spectroscopy of short-lived molecules, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1977, 67, 1-3, 459, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(77)90052-2 . [all data]

Johns, McKellar, et al., 1977
Johns, J.W.C.; McKellar, A.R.W.; Riggin, M., Laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the ν2 fundamental band of HCO at 9.25 μm, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 6, 2427, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435215 . [all data]

Maier and Lautz
Maier, G.; Lautz, C., Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 769.. [all data]

Ewing, Thompson, et al., 1960
Ewing, G.E.; Thompson, W.E.; Pimentel, G.C., Infrared Detection of the Formyl Radical HCO, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 3, 927, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730819 . [all data]

Reilly, Clark, et al., 1978
Reilly, J.P.; Clark, J.H.; Moore, C.B.; Pimentel, G.C., HCO production, vibrational relaxation, chemical kinetics, and spectroscopy following laser photolysis of formaldehyde, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 10, 4381, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.436449 . [all data]

Brown, Buttenshaw, et al., 1980
Brown, J.M.; Buttenshaw, J.; Carrington, A.; Dumper, K.; Parent, C.R., The laser magnetic resonance spectrum of the HCO radical at 5.3 μm, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1980, 79, 1, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(80)90291-X . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Austin, Levy, et al., 1974
Austin, J.A.; Levy, D.H.; Gottlieb, C.A.; Radford, H.E., Microwave spectrum of the HCO radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1, 207, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680769 . [all data]

Lowe and McKellar, 1981
Lowe, R.S.; McKellar, A.R.W., Laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the ν1 and ν3 fundamental bands of DCO, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 5, 2686, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441437 . [all data]

Konig and Lademann, 1983
Konig, R.; Lademann, J., Laser-induced fluorescence detection of HCO produced by laser photolysis of formaldehyde, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1983, 94, 2, 152, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(83)87563-0 . [all data]

Blake, Sastry, et al., 1984
Blake, G.A.; Sastry, K.V.L.N.; De Lucia, F.C., The laboratory millimeter and submillimeter spectrum of HCOa), J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 1, 95, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446411 . [all data]

Endo and Hirota, 1988
Endo, Y.; Hirota, E., The millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectrum of the DCO radical, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 127, 2, 540, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90141-5 . [all data]

Meier, Hunziker, et al., 1991
Meier, U.; Hunziker, L.E.; Crosley, D.R., Collisional quenching of the ~B2A' (000) state of formyl, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 13, 5163, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100166a046 . [all data]

Shiu and Chen, 1994, 2
Shiu, Y.J.; Chen, I-C., Radiative lifetime of the HCO B2A´ state, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 222, 3, 245, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00343-2 . [all data]

Tobiason, Dunlop, et al., 1995, 2
Tobiason, J.D.; Dunlop, J.R.; Rohlfing, E.A., Dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled DCO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 235, 3-4, 268, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00102-A . [all data]

Tobiason and Rohlfing, 1996
Tobiason, J.D.; Rohlfing, E.A., Lifetimes of vibrational levels in the B2A´ state of HCO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1996, 252, 5-6, 333, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(96)00163-7 . [all data]

Lee and Chen, 1996
Lee, S.-H.; Chen, I-C., Axis switching in the B 2A´--X 2A´ transition of HCO and fluorescence lifetimes of the B 2A´(0,0,0) rotational states, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 7, 2583, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472545 . [all data]

Gripp, Kuczmann, et al., 2000
Gripp, J.; Kuczmann, A.; Stock, C.; Temps, F.; Trollsch, A., The (B 2A´←X 2A´) laser induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of DCO in a supersonic jet expansion, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2000, 2, 8, 1653, https://doi.org/10.1039/a910318j . [all data]

Rowling, Reid, et al., 2011
Rowling, S.J.; Reid, S.A.; Nauta, K.; Kable, S.H., Electronic spectroscopy of the transition of DCO and lifetimes and relative quantum yields of the state, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2011, 270, 1, 33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2011.08.005 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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