Hydrogen chloride
- Formula: ClH
- Molecular weight: 36.461
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7647-01-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Hydrochloric ccid; Anhydrous hydrochloric acid; Chlorohydric acid; Hydrochloric acid gas; Hydrochloride; Muriatic acid; Salzsaeure; HCl; Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous; Hydrogen-chloride-anhydrous-; Acide chlorhydrique; Acido cloridrico; Chloorwaterstof; Chlorowodor; Chlorwasserstoff; NA 1789; Spirits of salt; UN 1050; UN 1789; UN 2186; Anhydrous hydrogen chloride; Hydrogen chloride (acid); Marine acid; Soldering acid; Spirit of salt; Spirits of salts; Hydrogen chloride (HCl); NSC 77365; Hydrochloric acid
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29.6 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988 | gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B |
ΔrH° | 23.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.1 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.70 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 20.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M |
ΔrS° | 22.8 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 16.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B |
ΔrG° | 17.1 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 16.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrG° | 16.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 13.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 333.40 | kcal/mol | N/A | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 333.6 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 329.10 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 328.10 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 328.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 323.70 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.20 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 24.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 7.90 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: I- + HCl = (I- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 22.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 8.8 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.7 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.1 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 11.2 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.9 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
By formula: (Br- • O2S) + HCl = (Br- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 19.6 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 13.0 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 3HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 23.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 4HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.30 ± 0.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 26.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.3 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.2 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: C2H3ClO + H2O = C2H4O2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -22.58 | kcal/mol | Cm | Devore and O'Neal, 1969 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
ΔrH° | -22.06 | kcal/mol | Cm | Pritchard and Skinner, 1950 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 298 K, see Carson and Skinner, 1949; ALS |
ΔrH° | -22.09 | kcal/mol | Cm | Carson and Skinner, 1949 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • H2O • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 9.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M |
By formula: (Cl- • O2S) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.1 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Cm | Buravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 19.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.24 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Ghosh and Guha, 1951 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: (Br- • HCl) + HCl = (Br- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.35 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 11.7 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 13.61 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C; ALS |
By formula: H2O + C7H5ClO = C7H6O2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -8.136 ± 0.050 | kcal/mol | Cm | Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; see Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 and Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972; ALS |
ΔrH° | -24.35 | kcal/mol | Cm | Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
By formula: C3H7Cl = C3H6 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.3 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Noren and Sunner, 1970 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.62 ± 0.15 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Kabo and Andreevskii, 1963 | gas phase; At 415.5 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.45 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.7 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.70 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1951 | gas phase; Hf-gas-(390) -44.4 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Kistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: HCl + C9H10 = C9H11Cl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -8.80 ± 0.45 | kcal/mol | Cm | Arnett and Pienta, 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Methylene chloride; Hydrochlorination; ALS |
ΔrH° | -12.4 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | Cm | Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977 | liquid phase; Hydrochlorination; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 51.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988 | gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 48.3 kcal/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M |
By formula: C3H6Cl2 = C3H5Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1983 | liquid phase; Flow reactor; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.3 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Shevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970 | gas phase; Heat of Dehydrochlorination at 392 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 + 2H2 = C2H6 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -34.18 ± 0.23 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -35.32 ± 0.12 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C3H6Cl2 = C3H8 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -30.24 ± 0.26 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -31.21 ± 0.13 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + CH2Cl2 = CH4 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -39.05 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -40.07 ± 0.30 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C2H4Cl2 = C2H6 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -33.66 ± 0.25 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -34.65 ± 0.12 kcal/mol; At 250C; ALS |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2.10 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 568 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 13.20 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.3 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 568 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 1.2 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C2ClF3 = C2H3F3 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -63.98 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -64.92 kcal/mol; At 410 K; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + O2S = (Cl- • O2S • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (Br- • HCl) + O2S = (Br- • O2S • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.1 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 15.90 ± 0.22 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Rodova, Levanova, et al., 1973 | gas phase; At 454 K; ALS |
By formula: C4H9ClO = C4H8O + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.30 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Failes and Stimson, 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 16.5 kcal/mol; At 450 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 10.85 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976 | liquid phase; At 333 K; ALS |
By formula: C2HCl5 = C2Cl4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.8 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; GC; ALS |
ΔrH° | 9.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
2 (g) +
(l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2
(g)
By formula: 2HCl (g) + C4H10AlCl (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2C2H6 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -63.34 ± 0.79 | kcal/mol | RSC | Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968 | The reaction enthalpy was derived from data in Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968.; MS |
By formula: C5H10Cl2 = C5H9Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.2 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.3 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: F- + HCl = (F- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 60. ± 2. | kcal/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; bracketing; M |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.61 ± 0.09 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Rodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.2 | kcal/mol | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.8 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.8 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 15.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 10.7 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2( • 4.40
) (solution) = 2
(cr) +
(cr)
By formula: C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(HCl • 4.40H2O) (solution) = 2C10H10Fe (cr) + C10H10Cl2Ti (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -60.6 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | RSC | Dias, Salema, et al., 1982 | Please also see Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987.; MS |
By formula: C7H4Cl2O + H2O = C7H5ClO2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -9.50 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Cm | Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to HCl+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 12.744 ± 0.009 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 133.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 126.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
12.790 | PE | Wang, Dillon, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
12.752 ± 0.006 | PE | Pennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983 | LBLHLM |
12.748 | PE | Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
12.747 ± 0.002 | PE | Natalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
12.75 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
12.72 ± 0.03 | PI | Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979 | LLK |
12.748 | EVAL | Huber and Herzberg, 1979 | LLK |
12.748 ± 0.005 | PE | Weiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970 | RDSH |
12.74 ± 0.01 | PE | Lempka, Passmore, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
12.742 ± 0.010 | PI | Nicholson, 1965 | RDSH |
12.74 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cl+ | 17.34 ± 0.01 | H | PI | Krauss, Walker, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
H+ | 14.5 | Cl- | EI | Fox, 1957 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 333.40 | kcal/mol | N/A | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 333.6 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 329.10 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 328.10 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 328.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 323.70 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988
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Larson and McMahon, 1984
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Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria,
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The hydrogen bond energies in ClHCl- and Cl-(HCl)n,
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Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986
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Unpublished results, referred to in Keesee and Castleman, 1986, 1986. [all data]
Keesee and Castleman, 1980
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Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates,
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French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-,
Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]
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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Isotope Effects in Proton Transfer Reactions. An Ion Cyclotron Resonance Determination of the Equilibrium Deuterium Isotope Effect in the Bichloride Ion,
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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria,
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Martin and Hepburn, 1998
Martin, J.D.D.; Hepburn, J.W.,
Determination of bond dissociation energies by threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy: An improved D-0(HCl),
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Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W.,
Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities,
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Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S.,
Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements,
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Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E.,
Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions,
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Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions,
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Devore and O'Neal, 1969
Devore, J.A.; O'Neal, H.E.,
Heats of formation of the acetyl halides and of the acetyl radical,
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Pritchard and Skinner, 1950
Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A.,
The heats of hydrolysis of the chloro-substituted acetyl chlorides,
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Carson and Skinner, 1949
Carson, A.S.; Skinner, H.A.,
201. Carbon-halogen bond energies in the acetyl halides,
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Buravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992
Buravtsev, N.N.; Grigor'ev, A.S.; Zaidman, O.A.; Kolbanovskii, Yu.A.; Markelov, M.YU.; Sadogurskii, M.N.; Treger, Yu.A.,
Dehydrochlorination of chloroalkanes under rigid homogeneous conditions. II. Effect of small additions of oxygen to the kinetics of high-temperature decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane under adiabatic compression,
Khim. Fiz., 1992, 11, 218-226. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]
Ghosh and Guha, 1951
Ghosh, J.C.; Guha, S.R.D.,
Catalytic dehydrochlorination of ethylene dichloride,
Petroleum (London), 1951, 14, 261-264. [all data]
Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E.,
The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II,
J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]
Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G.,
A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria,
Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]
Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bshneva, L.I.; Talanov, A.I.,
Equilibrium of the vinylidene chloride-methylchloroform system,
Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1975, 42, 480-481. [all data]
Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975
Moselhy, G.M.; Pritchard, H.O.,
The thermochemistry of the chloro-benzoyl chlorides,
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Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950
Carson, A.S.; Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A.,
The heats of hydrolysis of the benzoyl halides,
J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 656-659. [all data]
Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972
Davies, J.V.; Dunning, B.K.; Pritchard, H.O.,
The enthalpy of formation of benzoyl chloride,
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Noren and Sunner, 1970
Noren, I.; Sunner, S.,
The enthalpy of formation of 2-chloropropane from equilibrium studies,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 597-602. [all data]
Kabo and Andreevskii, 1963
Kabo, G.Ya.; Andreevskii, D.N.,
Equilibrium of 2-chloropropane dehydrochlorination,
Neftekhimiya, 1963, 3, 764-770. [all data]
Howlett, 1951
Howlett, K.E.,
The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part I. Equilibria in the system tert.-butyl chloride, isobutene, hydrogen chloride,
J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 1409-1412. [all data]
Kistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Stauffer, C.H.,
The kinetics of gaseous addition of halogen acids to isobutene, 1937, 165-170. [all data]
Arnett and Pienta, 1980
Arnett, E.M.; Pienta, N.J.,
Stabilities of carbonium ions in solution. 12. Heats of formation of alkyl chlorides as an entree to heats of solvation of aliphatic carbonium ions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3329-3334. [all data]
Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977
Nesterova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N.; Karaseva, S.Ya.; Rozhnov, A.M.,
Heats of reaction of the hydrohalogenation of styrene and α-methylstyrene,
Vses. Konf. Kalorim. Rasshir. Tezisy Dokl. 7th, 1977, 1, 132. [all data]
McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988
McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P.,
Methyl Cation Affinities,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002
. [all data]
Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974
Foster, M.S.; Williamson, A.D.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Photoionization mass spectrometry of trans-azomethane,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 15, 429. [all data]
Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1983
Levanova, S.V.; Rodova, R.M.; Tereshkina, T.P.; Zabrodina, T.I.,
Thermocatalytic reactions of bromochloropropanes,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1983, 57, 1142-1146. [all data]
Shevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970
Shevtsova, L.A.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Andreevskii, D.N.,
Equilibrium Dehydrochlorination of 2,2-dichloropropane,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1970, 44, 852-855. [all data]
Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967
Lacher, J.R.; Amador, A.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 5.-Heats of hydrogenation of dichloromethane, 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 1608-1611. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972
Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bortnik, O.K.,
Isomerization of dibromoethylenes,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1972, 15, 1821-1823. [all data]
Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Oetting, F.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction calorimetry. The hydrogenation of organic fluorides and chlorides,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 1500-1508. [all data]
Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974
Levanova, S.V.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Shevtsova, L.A.,
Thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition of chlorobutene mixtures,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1974, 48, 1113-1114. [all data]
Rodova, Levanova, et al., 1973
Rodova, R.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Shevtsova, L.A.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Porfir'eva, E.I.,
Reversible reactions of 2,3-dichlorobutane,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1973, 47, 607. [all data]
Failes and Stimson, 1967
Failes, R.L.; Stimson, V.R.,
The thermal decomposition of 1-ethoxyethyl chloride and the reverse combination,
Aust. J. Chem., 1967, 20, 1553-1560. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976
Levanova, S.V.; Bushneva, L.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.,
Liquid-phase dehydrochlorination of asymmetric tetrachloroethane,
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1976, 50, 2701-2702. [all data]
Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968
Shaulov, Yu.Kh.; Shmyreva, G.O.,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 42, 1008. [all data]
Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980
Meged, V.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M.,
Dehydrohalogenation of dihalomethylbutanes. 2.,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1980, 23, 149-151. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]
Rodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974
Rodova, R.M.; Shevtsova, L.A.; Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Garkushin, I.K.,
Dehydrochlorination of 1,1-dichlorobutane and isomerization of chlorobutenes,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1974, 17, 379-381. [all data]
Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.,
Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693
. [all data]
Dias, Salema, et al., 1982
Dias, A.R.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões, J.A.,
Organometallics, 1982, 1, 971. [all data]
Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987
Calhorda, M.J.; Dias, A.R.; Minas da Piedade M.E.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões J.A.,
Organometallics, 1987, 6, 734. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Wang, Dillon, et al., 1984
Wang, R.-G.; Dillon, M.A.; Spence, D.,
Electron spectroscopy of hydrogen chloride from 5 to 19 eV,
J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 63. [all data]
Pennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983
Pennetreau, P.; Natalis, P.; Longton, L.; Collin, J.E.,
Ionization energies for the vibronic transitions from DCl X1Σ+(v" = 0) to DCl+ X2Π(v' = 0-18) and A2Σ+ (v' = 0-17) determined by photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1983, 28, 295. [all data]
Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G.,
30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]
Natalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982
Natalis, P.; Pennetreau, P.; Longton, L.; Collin, J.E.,
Ionisation energy values for the vibronic transitions from HCl X1Σ+ (v" = 0) to HCl+ ionic states X2Π (v' = 0-13) and A2Σ+ (v' = 0-12), determined by photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 267. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979
Tiedemann, P.W.; Anderson, S.L.; Ceyer, S.T.; Hirooka, T.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T.,
Proton affinities of hydrogen halides determined by the molecular beam photoionization method,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 605. [all data]
Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G.,
Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]
Weiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970
Weiss, M.J.; Lawrence, G.M.; Young, R.A.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of HCI and DCI using molecular beams,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2867. [all data]
Lempka, Passmore, et al., 1968
Lempka, H.J.; Passmore, T.R.; Price, W.C.,
The photoelectron spectra and ionized states of the halogen acids,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A304, 53. [all data]
Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Krauss, Walker, et al., 1968
Krauss, M.; Walker, J.A.; Dibeler, V.H.,
Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. X. Hydrogen chloride and methyl halides,
J. Res. NBS, 1968, 72A, 281. [all data]
Fox, 1957
Fox, R.E.,
Negative ion formation in hydrogen chloride by electron impact,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1281. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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