Hydrogen chloride

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus161.15KN/ABeckmann and Waentig, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.13800barN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00006 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc324.68KN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc82.56barN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0824 bar; VP measured up to 219 K and Pc determined from fitted Wagner equation; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
16.2188.CGiauque and Wiebe, 1928AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
122.3 to 188.33.60765535.172-39.847Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
188.3 to 309.44.57389868.3581.754Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.7127.Ser and Larher, 1990Based on data from 121. to 133. K.; AC
19.6142.Ser and Larher, 1990Based on data from 134. to 150. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to HCl+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)12.744 ± 0.009eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)556.9kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity530.1kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
12.790PEWang, Dillon, et al., 1984LBLHLM
12.752 ± 0.006PEPennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983LBLHLM
12.748PEVon Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.747 ± 0.002PENatalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.75PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
12.72 ± 0.03PITiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979LLK
12.748EVALHuber and Herzberg, 1979LLK
12.748 ± 0.005PEWeiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970RDSH
12.74 ± 0.01PELempka, Passmore, et al., 1968RDSH
12.742 ± 0.010PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.74 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
Cl+17.34 ± 0.01HPIKrauss, Walker, et al., 1968RDSH
H+14.5Cl-EIFox, 1957RDSH

De-protonation reactions

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen chloride

By formula: Cl- + H+ = HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1394.9kJ/molN/AMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1396. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1377.0kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1372.8 ± 0.42kJ/molH-TSMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1374. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1354.4kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 18847

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References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Beckmann and Waentig, 1910
Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P., Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]

Henderson, Lewis, et al., 1986
Henderson, C.; Lewis, D.G.; Prichard, P.C.; Staveley, L.A.K.; Fonseca, I.M.A.; Lobo, L.Q., Some thermodynamic properties of hydrogen chloride and deuterium chloride, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1986, 18, 1077. [all data]

Giauque and Wiebe, 1928
Giauque, W.F.; Wiebe, R., THE ENTROPY OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE. HEAT CAPACITY FROM 16°K. TO BOILING POINT. HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLID AND LIQUID, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 1, 101-122, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01388a013 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Ser and Larher, 1990
Ser, Frederic; Larher, Yves, Sublimation pressures of hydrogen chloride, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 4, 407-412, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90129-E . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Wang, Dillon, et al., 1984
Wang, R.-G.; Dillon, M.A.; Spence, D., Electron spectroscopy of hydrogen chloride from 5 to 19 eV, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 63. [all data]

Pennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983
Pennetreau, P.; Natalis, P.; Longton, L.; Collin, J.E., Ionization energies for the vibronic transitions from DCl X1Σ+(v" = 0) to DCl+ X2Π(v' = 0-18) and A2Σ+ (v' = 0-17) determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1983, 28, 295. [all data]

Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G., 30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I), J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]

Natalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982
Natalis, P.; Pennetreau, P.; Longton, L.; Collin, J.E., Ionisation energy values for the vibronic transitions from HCl X1Σ+ (v" = 0) to HCl+ ionic states X2Π (v' = 0-13) and A2Σ+ (v' = 0-12), determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 267. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979
Tiedemann, P.W.; Anderson, S.L.; Ceyer, S.T.; Hirooka, T.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Proton affinities of hydrogen halides determined by the molecular beam photoionization method, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 605. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Weiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970
Weiss, M.J.; Lawrence, G.M.; Young, R.A., Photoelectron spectroscopy of HCI and DCI using molecular beams, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2867. [all data]

Lempka, Passmore, et al., 1968
Lempka, H.J.; Passmore, T.R.; Price, W.C., The photoelectron spectra and ionized states of the halogen acids, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A304, 53. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Krauss, Walker, et al., 1968
Krauss, M.; Walker, J.A.; Dibeler, V.H., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. X. Hydrogen chloride and methyl halides, J. Res. NBS, 1968, 72A, 281. [all data]

Fox, 1957
Fox, R.E., Negative ion formation in hydrogen chloride by electron impact, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1281. [all data]

Martin and Hepburn, 1998
Martin, J.D.D.; Hepburn, J.W., Determination of bond dissociation energies by threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy: An improved D-0(HCl), J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 19, 8139-8142, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.477476 . [all data]

Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References