Phthalic anhydride

• Formula: C₈H₄O₃
• Molecular weight: 148.1156
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H4O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h1-4H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 85-44-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 1,3-Isobenzofurandione; ESEN; Phthalandione; Phthalic acid anhydride; Retarder AK; Retarder ESEN; Retarder PD; TGL 6525; Vulkalent B/C; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-Phthalandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; o-Phthalic acid anhydride; Anhydride phtalique; Anidride ftalica; Ftaalzuuranhydride; Ftalowy bezwodnik; Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-; NCI-C03601; Phthalsaeureanhydrid; Anhydrid kyseliny ftalove; Ftalanhydrid; Rcra waste number U190; Araldite HT 901; Phthalanhydride; Sconoc 7; HT 901; Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione; Retarder PX; NSC 10431
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =

By formula: C₆H₇N + C₈H₄O₃ = C₁₄H₁₁NO₃

=  + 

By formula: C₈H₆O₄ = H₂O + C₈H₄O₃

C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄ +  = C₂₈H₂₀N₂O₇

By formula: C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₈H₂₀N₂O₇

C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄ +  = C₂₉H₂₀N₂O₇

By formula: C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₉H₂₀N₂O₇

 +  = C₂₆H₂₀N₂O₅

By formula: C₁₈H₁₆N₂O₂ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₆H₂₀N₂O₅

 +  = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄

By formula: C₁₂H₁₂N₂O + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄

 +  = C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄

By formula: C₁₃H₁₂N₂O + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄

 +  =

By formula: C₈H₄O₃ + C₁₂H₁₂N₂ = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₃

 +  = dodecyl hydrogen phthalate

By formula: C₁₂H₂₆O + C₈H₄O₃ = dodecyl hydrogen phthalate

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Burriel, 1931
Burriel, F., Physico-Chemical Study of Some Solid Organic Compounds at Ordinary Temperatures, and Their COrrelationo with Temperature, An. R. Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim., 1931, 29, 89. [all data]

Crooks and Freetham, 1946
Crooks, D.A.; Freetham, F.M., The vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 899-901. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Das, Dharwadkar, et al., 1979
Das, D.; Dharwadkar, S.R.; Chandrasekharaiah, M.S., Vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, Thermochimica Acta, 1979, 30, 1-2, 371-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(79)85076-5 . [all data]

Monroe, 1920
Monroe, K.P., Phthalic Anhydride. IV---The Vapor Pressure of Phthalic Anhydride, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1920, 12, 10, 969-971, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50130a013 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Amitin, Vakurova, et al., 1972
Amitin, A.V.; Vakurova, E.A.; Katunin, V.Kh.; Afanas'eva, N.S., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1972, 46, 4, 1054. [all data]

Crooks and Feetham, 1946
Crooks, D.A.; Feetham, F.M., 196. The vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 899, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9460000899 . [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press Inc., London, 1970, 643. [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Donnelly, Drewes, et al., 1990
Donnelly, J.R.; Drewes, L.A.; Johnson, R.L.; Munslow, W.D.; Knapp, K.K.; Sovocool, G.W., Purity and heat of fusion data for environmental standards as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochimica Acta, 1990, 167, 2, 155-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80476-F . [all data]

Kalnin'sh, 1988
Kalnin'sh, K.K., Autocatalysis and effects of the solvent in the reaction of phthalic anhydride with aniline derivatives, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1988, 1768-1773. [all data]

Pravednikov, Kardash, et al., 1973
Pravednikov, A.N.; Kardash, I.Ye.; Glukhoyedov, N.P.; Ardashnikov, A.Ya., Some features of the synthesis of heat-resistant heterocyclic polymers, Polym. Sci. USSR, 1973, 15, 399-410. [all data]

Alekseev, Kizaev, et al., 1989
Alekseev, V.G.; Kizaev, V.D.; Fedyainov, N.V.; Bushinskii, V.I., Standard enthalpies of anhydridisation of phthalic and pyromellitic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1989, 63, 1280-1282. [all data]

Karyakin, Rabinovich, et al., 1978
Karyakin, N.V.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Pal'tseva, N.G., Thermodynamics of the reactions of aromatic diamines with dianhydrides of tetracarboxylic acids, Polym. Sci. USSR, 1978, 20, 2274-2279. [all data]

Fomin, Legkova, et al., 1981
Fomin, a.S.; Legkova, T.N.; Morgunov, A.V.; Ignatov, V.A., Study of the kinetics of the reaction between phthalic anhydride and lauryl alcohol, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1981, 24, 1180-1182. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1989
Paul, G.; Kebarle, P., Electron Affinities of Cyclic Unsaturated Dicarbonyls: Maleic Anhydrides, Maleimides, and Cyclopentendione, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 2, 464, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a009 . [all data]

Fukuda and McIver, 1985
Fukuda, E.K.; McIver, R.T., Jr., Relative electron affinities of substituted benzophenones, nitrobenzenes, and quinones. [Anchored to EA(SO₂) from 74CEL/BEN], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2291. [all data]

Dewar and Tien, 1985
Dewar, M.J.S.; Tien, T.-P., Photoelectron spectrum of benzyne, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 1243. [all data]

Galasso, Colonna, et al., 1977
Galasso, V.; Colonna, F.P.; Distefano, G., Photoelectron spectra of 1,2-indandione, 1,3-indandione and heterocyclic analogues, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 227. [all data]

Grutzmacher and Lohmann, 1967
Grutzmacher, H.-F.; Lohmann, J., Massenspektrometrie instabiler organischer Molekule. I. Ionisations-potential und Bildungsenthalpie von Dehydrobenzol, Ann. Chem., 1967, 705, 81. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.