Phthalic anhydride

• Formula: C₈H₄O₃
• Molecular weight: 148.1156
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H4O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h1-4H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 85-44-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 1,3-Isobenzofurandione; ESEN; Phthalandione; Phthalic acid anhydride; Retarder AK; Retarder ESEN; Retarder PD; TGL 6525; Vulkalent B/C; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-Phthalandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; o-Phthalic acid anhydride; Anhydride phtalique; Anidride ftalica; Ftaalzuuranhydride; Ftalowy bezwodnik; Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-; NCI-C03601; Phthalsaeureanhydrid; Anhydrid kyseliny ftalove; Ftalanhydrid; Rcra waste number U190; Araldite HT 901; Phthalanhydride; Sconoc 7; HT 901; Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione; Retarder PX; NSC 10431
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  =

By formula: C₆H₇N + C₈H₄O₃ = C₁₄H₁₁NO₃

=  + 

By formula: C₈H₆O₄ = H₂O + C₈H₄O₃

C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄ +  = C₂₈H₂₀N₂O₇

By formula: C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₈H₂₀N₂O₇

C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄ +  = C₂₉H₂₀N₂O₇

By formula: C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₉H₂₀N₂O₇

 +  = C₂₆H₂₀N₂O₅

By formula: C₁₈H₁₆N₂O₂ + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₆H₂₀N₂O₅

 +  = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄

By formula: C₁₂H₁₂N₂O + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₄

 +  = C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄

By formula: C₁₃H₁₂N₂O + C₈H₄O₃ = C₂₁H₁₆N₂O₄

 +  =

By formula: C₈H₄O₃ + C₁₂H₁₂N₂ = C₂₀H₁₆N₂O₃

 +  = dodecyl hydrogen phthalate

By formula: C₁₂H₂₆O + C₈H₄O₃ = dodecyl hydrogen phthalate

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• SOLID (SPLIT MULL, FLUOROLUBE FOR 3800-1300 AND NUJOL FOR 1300-240 CM ^-1); PERKIN-ELMER 521 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Parks, Mosley, et al., 1950
Parks, G.S.; Mosley, J.R.; Peterson, P.V., Jr., Heats of combustion and formation of some organic compounds containing oxygen, J. Chem. Phys., 1950, 18, 152. [all data]

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Richardson, J.W.; Parks, G.S., Thermal data on organic compounds. XIX. Modern combustion data for some non-volatile compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 3543-3546. [all data]

Busygina, Maslova, et al., 1987
Busygina, G.I.; Maslova, V.A.; Shvetsova, K.G.; Babinkov, A.G.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Karyakin, N.V., Specific heat and thermodynamic functions of phthalic anhydride and 2-ethylhexanol at 13-350 K, Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1987, 61, 2347-2351. [all data]

Parks, Todd, et al., 1936
Parks, G.S.; Todd, S.S.; Moore, W.A., Thermal data on organic compounds. XVI. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for typical benzene derivatives and heterocyclic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 398-401. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Burriel, 1931
Burriel, F., Physico-Chemical Study of Some Solid Organic Compounds at Ordinary Temperatures, and Their COrrelationo with Temperature, An. R. Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim., 1931, 29, 89. [all data]

Crooks and Freetham, 1946
Crooks, D.A.; Freetham, F.M., The vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 899-901. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Das, Dharwadkar, et al., 1979
Das, D.; Dharwadkar, S.R.; Chandrasekharaiah, M.S., Vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, Thermochimica Acta, 1979, 30, 1-2, 371-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(79)85076-5 . [all data]

Monroe, 1920
Monroe, K.P., Phthalic Anhydride. IV---The Vapor Pressure of Phthalic Anhydride, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1920, 12, 10, 969-971, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50130a013 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

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Crooks and Feetham, 1946
Crooks, D.A.; Feetham, F.M., 196. The vapour pressure of phthalic anhydride, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 899, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9460000899 . [all data]

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Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press Inc., London, 1970, 643. [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Donnelly, Drewes, et al., 1990
Donnelly, J.R.; Drewes, L.A.; Johnson, R.L.; Munslow, W.D.; Knapp, K.K.; Sovocool, G.W., Purity and heat of fusion data for environmental standards as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochimica Acta, 1990, 167, 2, 155-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80476-F . [all data]

Kalnin'sh, 1988
Kalnin'sh, K.K., Autocatalysis and effects of the solvent in the reaction of phthalic anhydride with aniline derivatives, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1988, 1768-1773. [all data]

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Pravednikov, A.N.; Kardash, I.Ye.; Glukhoyedov, N.P.; Ardashnikov, A.Ya., Some features of the synthesis of heat-resistant heterocyclic polymers, Polym. Sci. USSR, 1973, 15, 399-410. [all data]

Alekseev, Kizaev, et al., 1989
Alekseev, V.G.; Kizaev, V.D.; Fedyainov, N.V.; Bushinskii, V.I., Standard enthalpies of anhydridisation of phthalic and pyromellitic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1989, 63, 1280-1282. [all data]

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Karyakin, N.V.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Pal'tseva, N.G., Thermodynamics of the reactions of aromatic diamines with dianhydrides of tetracarboxylic acids, Polym. Sci. USSR, 1978, 20, 2274-2279. [all data]

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Fomin, a.S.; Legkova, T.N.; Morgunov, A.V.; Ignatov, V.A., Study of the kinetics of the reaction between phthalic anhydride and lauryl alcohol, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1981, 24, 1180-1182. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1989
Paul, G.; Kebarle, P., Electron Affinities of Cyclic Unsaturated Dicarbonyls: Maleic Anhydrides, Maleimides, and Cyclopentendione, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 2, 464, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a009 . [all data]

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Fukuda, E.K.; McIver, R.T., Jr., Relative electron affinities of substituted benzophenones, nitrobenzenes, and quinones. [Anchored to EA(SO₂) from 74CEL/BEN], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2291. [all data]

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Galasso, V.; Colonna, F.P.; Distefano, G., Photoelectron spectra of 1,2-indandione, 1,3-indandione and heterocyclic analogues, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 227. [all data]

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Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

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Pedersen, D.U.; Durant, J.L.; Taghizadeh, K.; Hemond, H.F.; Lafleur, A.L.; Cass, G.R., Human cell mutagenes in respirable airborne particles from the Northeastern United States. 2. Quantification of mutagenes and other organic compounds., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 24, 9547-9560, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050886c . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  EA	Electron affinity
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°solid	Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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