Phenanthrene
- Formula: C14H10
- Molecular weight: 178.2292
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 85-01-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Phenanthren; Phenanthrin; Phenantrin
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 202.2 ± 2.3 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | 201.2 ± 4.7 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Steele, Chirico, et al., 1990 | Δ Hfusion = 15.96±0.05 kJ/mol; ALS |
ΔfH°gas | 206.9 ± 4.6 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Coleman and Pilcher, 1966 | Author was aware that data differs from previously reported values; ALS |
ΔfH°gas | 203.8 | kJ/mol | N/A | Bender and Farber, 1952 | Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of 113.0 kj/mol from Bender and Farber, 1952 and ΔsubH° value of 90.8 kj/mol from Bender and Farber, 1952.; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | 163.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Richardson and Parks, 1939 | Value computed using ΔfHsolid° value of 72.8±2.6 kj/mol from Richardson and Parks, 1939 and ΔsubH° value of 90.8 kj/mol from Richardson and Parks, 1939.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
41.35 | 50. | Dorofeeva O.V., 1988 | These functions are also reproduced in the reference book [ Frenkel M., 1994]. Recommended values of S(T) and Cp(T) agree with those calculated by [ Kudchadker S.A., 1979] within 1.3 J/mol*K.; GT |
62.23 | 100. | ||
88.70 | 150. | ||
119.57 | 200. | ||
168.72 | 273.15 | ||
185.7 ± 1.0 | 298.15 | ||
186.91 | 300. | ||
250.42 | 400. | ||
303.40 | 500. | ||
345.75 | 600. | ||
379.61 | 700. | ||
407.06 | 800. | ||
429.65 | 900. | ||
448.46 | 1000. | ||
464.28 | 1100. | ||
477.68 | 1200. | ||
489.09 | 1300. | ||
498.87 | 1400. | ||
507.29 | 1500. |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to C14H10+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 7.891 ± 0.001 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 825.7 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 795.0 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
-0.01 ± 0.040 | LPES | Tschurl, Boesl, et al., 2006 | Extrapolated from EAs of (H2O)n..phenanthrene-.; B |
<0.269 ± 0.035 | ECD | Wojnarovits and Foldiak, 1981 | EA is an upper limit: Chen and Wentworth, 1989. G3MP2B3 calculations indicate an EA of ca. -0.05 eV, unbound anion; B |
0.3070 ± 0.0070 | ECD | Becker and Chen, 1966 | B |
0.2 | ECD | Wentworth and Becker, 1962 | B |
Proton affinity at 298K
Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
820.1 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
793.7 | Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000 | Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6H4+ | 29. ± 1. | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C9H7+ | 23.9 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C10H6+ | 20.8 ± 0.3 | 2C2H2 | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C10H6+ | 20.9 ± 0.3 | 2C2H2 | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
C11H7+ | 21.1 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C11H7+ | 21.1 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
C12H7+ | 18.8 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C12H7+ | 19.63 ± 0.05 | ? | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
C12H8+ | 11.23 | C2H2 | EVAL | Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993 | T = 0K; LL |
C12H8+ | 14.46 | C2H2 | TRPI | Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993 | LL |
C12H8+ | 15.7 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C12H8+ | 16.63 ± 0.05 | ? | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
C13H7+ | 20.0 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C14H7+ | 18.2 ± 0.2 | H2+H | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C14H8+ | 16.2 ± 0.2 | H2 | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C14H8+ | 18.6 ± 0.1 | H2 | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
C14H9+ | 11.99 | H | EVAL | Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993 | T = 0K; LL |
C14H9+ | 14.88 | H | TRPI | Gotkis, Oleinikova, et al., 1993 | LL |
C14H9+ | 15.5 ± 0.1 | H | EI | Nounou, 1968 | RDSH |
C14H9+ | 16.3 ± 0.1 | H | EI | Natalis and Franklin, 1965 | RDSH |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: C14H10+ + C14H10 = (C14H10+ • C14H10)
Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 74.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 120. | J/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
37. | 320. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
By formula: C14H11+ + C14H10 = (C14H11+ • C14H10)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 65.7 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 120. | J/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
28. | 320. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- SOLID (1% IN KI); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLID (OIL MULL); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 4000-1340, 10% IN CS2 FOR 1340-430, AND 10% IN CCl4 FOR 440-200 CM-1); BECKMAN IR-12 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (SATURATED IN HEPTANE); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY
4, 4 cm-1 resolution - SOLUTION 4.5% (CS2 FOR 2-15 microns, AND C2Cl4 FOR 6.2-7.3 microns); PERKIN-ELMER 21 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
UV/Visible spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Source | Ramart-Lucas, Matti, et al., 1948 |
---|---|
Owner | INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
Origin | INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS |
Source reference | RAS UV No. 669 |
Instrument | n.i.g. |
Melting point | 99.2 |
Boiling point | 340 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y.,
Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Determination of ideal-gas enthalpies of formation for key compounds,
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Coleman and Pilcher, 1966
Coleman, D.J.; Pilcher, G.,
Heats of combustion of biphenyl, bibenzyl, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1966, 62, 821-827. [all data]
Bender and Farber, 1952
Bender, P.; Farber, J.,
The heats of combustion of anthracene transannular peroxide and dianthracene,
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Richardson and Parks, 1939
Richardson, J.W.; Parks, G.S.,
Thermal data on organic compounds. XIX. Modern combustion data for some non-volatile compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,
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Dorofeeva O.V., 1988
Dorofeeva O.V.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Gaseous Phase. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-238 (in Russian), Moscow, 1988. [all data]
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Kudchadker S.A., 1979
Kudchadker S.A.,
Chemical thermodynamic properties of anthracene and phenathrene,
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Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
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Tschurl, Boesl, et al., 2006
Tschurl, M.; Boesl, U.; Gilb, S.,
The electron affinity of phenanthrene,
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Wojnarovits and Foldiak, 1981
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Electron capture detection of aromatic hydrocarbons,
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Experimental Determination of Electron Affinities of Organic Molecules,
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Becker and Chen, 1966
Becker, R.S.; Chen, E.,
Extension of Electron Affinities and Ionization Potentials of Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Potential Method for the Determination of Electron Affinities of Molecules: Application to Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons.,
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Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000
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Ab initio calculated gas-phase basicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
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Ion thermochemistry of low volatility compounds in the gas phase. 3. Polycyclic aromatics: Ionization energies, proton, and hydrogen affinities. Extrapolations to graphite,
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Correlations between photoelectron and UV absorption spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons. The pyrene series,
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Kinetic energy distributions of C12H8 fragment ions in the mass spectra of anthracene, phenanthrene and diphenylacetylene,
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Mukherjee, T.K.,
Charge-transfer donor abilities of o,o'bridged biphenyls,
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Kitagawa, T.,
Absorption spectra and photoionization of polycyclic aromatics in vacuum ultraviolet region,
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Etude des composes aromatiques par spectrometrie de masse. I. Mesure des potentials d'ionisation et d'apparition par la methode du potential retardateur et interpretation des courbes d'ionisation differentielle,
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Ionization and dissociation of diphenyl and condensed ring aromatics by electron impact. I. Biphenyl, diphenylacetylene, and phenanthrene,
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Contribution a l'etude de l'effet inductif et de l'effet d'hyperconjugaison dans quelques methylaromatiques,
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Kuroda, H.,
Ionization potentials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
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Electron affinity of organic molecules,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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