Hydrogen chloride
- Formula: ClH
- Molecular weight: 36.461
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7647-01-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Hydrochloric ccid; Anhydrous hydrochloric acid; Chlorohydric acid; Hydrochloric acid gas; Hydrochloride; Muriatic acid; Salzsaeure; HCl; Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous; Hydrogen-chloride-anhydrous-; Acide chlorhydrique; Acido cloridrico; Chloorwaterstof; Chlorowodor; Chlorwasserstoff; NA 1789; Spirits of salt; UN 1050; UN 1789; UN 2186; Anhydrous hydrogen chloride; Hydrogen chloride (acid); Marine acid; Soldering acid; Spirit of salt; Spirits of salts; Hydrogen chloride (HCl); NSC 77365; Hydrochloric acid
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- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 158
- Henry's Law data
- Constants of diatomic molecules
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -22.06 ± 0.024 | kcal/mol | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
ΔfH°gas | -22.06 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in September, 1964 |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 44.671 ± 0.001 | cal/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
S°gas,1 bar | 44.670 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in September, 1964 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
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Temperature (K) | 298. to 1200. | 1200. to 6000. |
---|---|---|
A | 7.677802 | 7.628880 |
B | -3.216552 | 0.765579 |
C | 4.748691 | -0.129431 |
D | -1.638131 | 0.008586 |
E | -0.011872 | -0.821827 |
F | -24.28791 | -25.81621 |
G | 54.65741 | 52.16941 |
H | -22.06310 | -22.06310 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in September, 1964 | Data last reviewed in September, 1964 |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tfus | 161.15 | K | N/A | Beckmann and Waentig, 1910 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ptriple | 0.13620 | atm | N/A | Henderson, Lewis, et al., 1986 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00006 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 324.68 | K | N/A | Henderson, Lewis, et al., 1986 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 81.48 | atm | N/A | Henderson, Lewis, et al., 1986 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0813 atm; VP measured up to 219 K and Pc determined from fitted Wagner equation; TRC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.87 | 188. | C | Giauque and Wiebe, 1928 | AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
122.3 to 188.3 | 3.60194 | 535.172 | -39.847 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
188.3 to 309.4 | 4.56818 | 868.358 | 1.754 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
4.71 | 127. | Ser and Larher, 1990 | Based on data from 121. to 133. K.; AC |
4.68 | 142. | Ser and Larher, 1990 | Based on data from 134. to 150. K.; AC |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29.6 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988 | gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B |
ΔrH° | 23.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.1 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.70 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 20.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M |
ΔrS° | 22.8 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 16.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B |
ΔrG° | 17.1 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 16.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrG° | 16.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 13.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 333.40 | kcal/mol | N/A | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 333.6 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 329.10 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 328.10 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 328.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 323.70 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.20 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 24.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 7.90 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: I- + HCl = (I- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 22.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 8.8 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.7 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.1 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 11.2 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.9 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
By formula: (Br- • O2S) + HCl = (Br- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 19.6 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 13.0 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 3HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 23.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 4HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.30 ± 0.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 26.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.3 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.2 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
By formula: C2H3ClO + H2O = C2H4O2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -22.58 | kcal/mol | Cm | Devore and O'Neal, 1969 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
ΔrH° | -22.06 | kcal/mol | Cm | Pritchard and Skinner, 1950 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 298 K, see Carson and Skinner, 1949; ALS |
ΔrH° | -22.09 | kcal/mol | Cm | Carson and Skinner, 1949 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • H2O • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 9.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M |
By formula: (Cl- • O2S) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.1 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Cm | Buravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 19.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.24 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Ghosh and Guha, 1951 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: (Br- • HCl) + HCl = (Br- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.35 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 11.7 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 13.61 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C; ALS |
By formula: H2O + C7H5ClO = C7H6O2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -8.136 ± 0.050 | kcal/mol | Cm | Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; see Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 and Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972; ALS |
ΔrH° | -24.35 | kcal/mol | Cm | Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
By formula: C3H7Cl = C3H6 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.3 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Noren and Sunner, 1970 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.62 ± 0.15 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Kabo and Andreevskii, 1963 | gas phase; At 415.5 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.45 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.7 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.70 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1951 | gas phase; Hf-gas-(390) -44.4 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Kistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: HCl + C9H10 = C9H11Cl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -8.80 ± 0.45 | kcal/mol | Cm | Arnett and Pienta, 1980 | liquid phase; solvent: Methylene chloride; Hydrochlorination; ALS |
ΔrH° | -12.4 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | Cm | Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977 | liquid phase; Hydrochlorination; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 51.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988 | gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 48.3 kcal/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M |
By formula: C3H6Cl2 = C3H5Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1983 | liquid phase; Flow reactor; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.3 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Shevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970 | gas phase; Heat of Dehydrochlorination at 392 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 + 2H2 = C2H6 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -34.18 ± 0.23 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -35.32 ± 0.12 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C3H6Cl2 = C3H8 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -30.24 ± 0.26 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -31.21 ± 0.13 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + CH2Cl2 = CH4 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -39.05 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -40.07 ± 0.30 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C2H4Cl2 = C2H6 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -33.66 ± 0.25 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -34.65 ± 0.12 kcal/mol; At 250C; ALS |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2.10 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 568 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 13.20 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.3 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 568 K; ALS |
ΔrH° | 1.2 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS |
By formula: 2H2 + C2ClF3 = C2H3F3 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -63.98 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -64.92 kcal/mol; At 410 K; ALS |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + O2S = (Cl- • O2S • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (Br- • HCl) + O2S = (Br- • O2S • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.1 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 15.90 ± 0.22 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Rodova, Levanova, et al., 1973 | gas phase; At 454 K; ALS |
By formula: C4H9ClO = C4H8O + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.30 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Failes and Stimson, 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 16.5 kcal/mol; At 450 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 10.85 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976 | liquid phase; At 333 K; ALS |
By formula: C2HCl5 = C2Cl4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.8 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; GC; ALS |
ΔrH° | 9.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
2 (g) + (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2 (g)
By formula: 2HCl (g) + C4H10AlCl (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2C2H6 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -63.34 ± 0.79 | kcal/mol | RSC | Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968 | The reaction enthalpy was derived from data in Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968.; MS |
By formula: C5H10Cl2 = C5H9Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.2 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 16.3 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: F- + HCl = (F- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 60. ± 2. | kcal/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; bracketing; M |
By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.61 ± 0.09 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Rodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.2 | kcal/mol | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17.8 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 14.8 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 15.6 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 10.7 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2( • 4.40) (solution) = 2 (cr) + (cr)
By formula: C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(HCl • 4.40H2O) (solution) = 2C10H10Fe (cr) + C10H10Cl2Ti (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -60.6 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | RSC | Dias, Salema, et al., 1982 | Please also see Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987.; MS |
By formula: C7H4Cl2O + H2O = C7H5ClO2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -9.50 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Cm | Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to HCl+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 12.744 ± 0.009 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 133.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 126.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
12.790 | PE | Wang, Dillon, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
12.752 ± 0.006 | PE | Pennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983 | LBLHLM |
12.748 | PE | Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
12.747 ± 0.002 | PE | Natalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
12.75 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
12.72 ± 0.03 | PI | Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979 | LLK |
12.748 | EVAL | Huber and Herzberg, 1979 | LLK |
12.748 ± 0.005 | PE | Weiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970 | RDSH |
12.74 ± 0.01 | PE | Lempka, Passmore, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
12.742 ± 0.010 | PI | Nicholson, 1965 | RDSH |
12.74 ± 0.01 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cl+ | 17.34 ± 0.01 | H | PI | Krauss, Walker, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
H+ | 14.5 | Cl- | EI | Fox, 1957 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 333.40 | kcal/mol | N/A | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 333.6 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 329.10 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 328.10 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Martin and Hepburn, 1998 | gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 328.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 323.70 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 19.6 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 13.0 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Br- • HCl) + HCl = (Br- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: (Br- • O2S) + HCl = (Br- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M |
By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 51.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988 | gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 48.3 kcal/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M |
By formula: C6H6+ + HCl = (C6H6+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.3 | kcal/mol | PI | Walters, Grover, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29.6 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988 | gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B |
ΔrH° | 23.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.1 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 23.70 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 20.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 23.5 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M |
ΔrS° | 22.8 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 16.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B |
ΔrG° | 17.1 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 16.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrG° | 16.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 13.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.20 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M |
ΔrS° | 24.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 7.90 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 3HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 23.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.70 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 4HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.30 ± 0.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 26.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.3 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (Cl- • HCl • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.9 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M |
By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M |
By formula: (Cl- • O2S) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M |
By formula: F- + HCl = (F- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 60. ± 2. | kcal/mol | ICR | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; bracketing; M |
By formula: HCl+ + HCl = (HCl+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 20. | kcal/mol | PI | Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.7 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.1 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 11.2 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDEq | Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984 | gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M |
By formula: I- + HCl = (I- • HCl)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.8 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 14.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 22.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 8.8 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985 | gas phase; B |
By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ • HCl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.2 | kcal/mol | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- GAS (200 mmHg DILUTED TO A TOTAL PRESSURE OF 600 mmHg WITH N2); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- GAS (200 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm-1 resolution
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 18847 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.,
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Beckmann and Waentig, 1910
Beckmann, E.; Waentig, P.,
Cryoscopic Measurements at Low Temperatures,
Z. Anorg. Chem., 1910, 67, 17. [all data]
Henderson, Lewis, et al., 1986
Henderson, C.; Lewis, D.G.; Prichard, P.C.; Staveley, L.A.K.; Fonseca, I.M.A.; Lobo, L.Q.,
Some thermodynamic properties of hydrogen chloride and deuterium chloride,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1986, 18, 1077. [all data]
Giauque and Wiebe, 1928
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Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A.,
The heats of hydrolysis of the chloro-substituted acetyl chlorides,
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Carson, A.S.; Skinner, H.A.,
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Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979
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Huber and Herzberg, 1979
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Krauss, M.; Walker, J.A.; Dibeler, V.H.,
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Negative ion formation in hydrogen chloride by electron impact,
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Notes
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- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Ptriple Triple point pressure S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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