Hydrogen chloride

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-92.31 ± 0.10kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Δfgas-92.31kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1964
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar186.902 ± 0.005J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar186.90J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1964

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 1200.1200. to 6000.
A 32.1239231.91923
B -13.458053.203184
C 19.86852-0.541539
D -6.8539360.035925
E -0.049672-3.438525
F -101.6206-108.0150
G 228.6866218.2768
H -92.31201-92.31201
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in September, 1964 Data last reviewed in September, 1964

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus161.15KN/ABeckmann and Waentig, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.13800barN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00006 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc324.68KN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc82.56barN/AHenderson, Lewis, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0824 bar; VP measured up to 219 K and Pc determined from fitted Wagner equation; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
16.2188.CGiauque and Wiebe, 1928AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
122.3 to 188.33.60765535.172-39.847Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
188.3 to 309.44.57389868.3581.754Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.7127.Ser and Larher, 1990Based on data from 121. to 133. K.; AC
19.6142.Ser and Larher, 1990Based on data from 134. to 150. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr124. ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMetz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
Δr99.6 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr96.7 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr99.16 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr85.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr93.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M
Δr98.3J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Δr98.3J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr95.4J/mol*KN/AUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.2 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1987gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B
Δr72. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B
Δr66.9 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr69.9 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B
Δr56.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen chloride

By formula: Cl- + H+ = HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1394.9kJ/molN/AMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1396. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1377.0kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1372.8 ± 0.42kJ/molH-TSMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1374. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1354.4kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr63.60 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Δr58.6kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.4J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Δr102.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.1 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

Iodide + Hydrogen chloride = (Iodide • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: I- + HCl = (I- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61.9 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Δr59.4kJ/molHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr83.7J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Δr95.0J/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr37. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

HO4S- + Hydrogen chloride = (HO4S- • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr63.2J/mol*KN/ABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.9 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride • Water)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • 2HCl • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.5kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr87.4J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- • 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.8J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

(Bromine anion • Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Br- • O2S) + HCl = (Br- • HCl • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr93.7kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.8J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

Bromine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr82.0 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 3Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 3HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.0 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr97.9J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 3Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • 4Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- • 4HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.1 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr112.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.6 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion • Water • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • 2HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr32.kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr63.6J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion • Water • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • H2O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr78.2J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Acetyl chloride + Water = Acetic acid + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3ClO + H2O = C2H4O2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-94.47kJ/molCmDevore and O'Neal, 1969liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δr-92.30kJ/molCmPritchard and Skinner, 1950liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 298 K, see Carson and Skinner, 1949; ALS
Δr-92.42kJ/molCmCarson and Skinner, 1949liquid phase; ALS

(Chlorine anion • Water • Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion • 2Water • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O • HCl) + H2O = (Cl- • 2H2O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40.kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.4J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M

(Chlorine anion • Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- • O2S) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.2kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- = Ethene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.6 ± 4.2kJ/molCmBuravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992gas phase; ALS
Δr82.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
Δr68.2kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
Δr67.95kJ/molEqkGhosh and Guha, 1951liquid phase; ALS

(Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion • 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Br- • HCl) + HCl = (Br- • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr52.3kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

Ethyl Chloride = Ethylene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
Δr71.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
Δr72.6 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS
Δr71.5kJ/molEqkLane, Linnett, et al., 1953gas phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
Δr49.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
Δr56.9 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Treger, et al., 1975liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C; ALS

Water + Benzoyl chloride = Benzoic acid + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: H2O + C7H5ClO = C7H6O2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-34.04 ± 0.21kJ/molCmMoselhy and Pritchard, 1975liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; see Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 and Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972; ALS
Δr-101.9kJ/molCmCarson, Pritchard, et al., 1950liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Propane, 2-chloro- = Propene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C3H7Cl = C3H6 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr72.4 ± 0.8kJ/molEqkNoren and Sunner, 1970gas phase; ALS
Δr73.72 ± 0.63kJ/molEqkKabo and Andreevskii, 1963gas phase; At 415.5 K; ALS
Δr73.0 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS

Propane, 2-chloro-2-methyl- = 1-Propene, 2-methyl- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74. ± 2.kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS
Δr74.06kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1951gas phase; Hf-gas-(390) -44.4 kcal/mol; ALS
Δr72. ± 2.kJ/molEqkKistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937gas phase; ALS

Hydrogen chloride + α-Methylstyrene = Benzene, (1-chloro-1-methylethyl)-

By formula: HCl + C9H10 = C9H11Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-36.8 ± 1.9kJ/molCmArnett and Pienta, 1980liquid phase; solvent: Methylene chloride; Hydrochlorination; ALS
Δr-51.9 ± 4.6kJ/molCmNesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977liquid phase; Hydrochlorination; ALS

(Chlorine anion • Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride • Water)

By formula: (Cl- • H2O) + HCl = (Cl- • HCl • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr91.2J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M

Methyl cation + Hydrogen chloride = (Methyl cation • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr216.kJ/molPHPMSMcMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 202. kJ/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M

Propane, 2,2-dichloro- = 1-Propene, 2-chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C3H6Cl2 = C3H5Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1983liquid phase; Flow reactor; ALS
Δr59.8 ± 0.8kJ/molEqkShevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970gas phase; Heat of Dehydrochlorination at 392 K; ALS

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- + 2Hydrogen = Ethane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 + 2H2 = C2H6 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-143.0 ± 0.96kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -147.77 ± 0.50 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Propane, 1,2-dichloro- = Propane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C3H6Cl2 = C3H8 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-126.5 ± 1.1kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -130.60 ± 0.54 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Methylene chloride = Methane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + CH2Cl2 = CH4 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-163.4 ± 1.3kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -167.7 ± 1.3 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Ethane, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C2H4Cl2 = C2H6 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-140.8 ± 1.0kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -145.0 ± 0.50 kJ/mol; At 250C; ALS

Butane, 2,2-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-8.79 ± 0.08kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 568 K; ALS
Δr55.2 ± 0.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS

Butane, 2,2-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (E)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-14. ± 0.08kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 568 K; ALS
Δr5.0 ± 0.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS

2Hydrogen + Ethene, chlorotrifluoro- = 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C2ClF3 = C2H3F3 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-267.7 ± 2.1kJ/molChydLacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -271.6 kJ/mol; At 410 K; ALS

(Chlorine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Sulfur dioxide = (Chlorine anion • Sulfur dioxide • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- • HCl) + O2S = (Cl- • O2S • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.5kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.4J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M

(Bromine anion • Hydrogen chloride) + Sulfur dioxide = (Bromine anion • Sulfur dioxide • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Br- • HCl) + O2S = (Br- • O2S • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.6kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.8J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M

Butane, 2,3-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr69.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS
Δr66.53 ± 0.92kJ/molEqkRodova, Levanova, et al., 1973gas phase; At 454 K; ALS

1-Chloro-2-ethoxyethane = Ethene, ethoxy- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H9ClO = C4H8O + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68.2 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkFailes and Stimson, 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 69.0 kJ/mol; At 450 K; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro- = Hydrogen chloride + Trichloroethylene

By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
Δr45.40kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976liquid phase; At 333 K; ALS

Ethane, pentachloro- = Tetrachloroethylene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2HCl5 = C2Cl4 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.1 ± 4.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; GC; ALS
Δr39.kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

2Hydrogen chloride (g) + Aluminum, chlorodiethyl- (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2Ethane (g)

By formula: 2HCl (g) + C4H10AlCl (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2C2H6 (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-265.0 ± 3.3kJ/molRSCShaulov and Shmyreva, 1968The reaction enthalpy was derived from data in Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968.; MS

Butane, 2,3-dichloro-2-methyl- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-3-methyl- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C5H10Cl2 = C5H9Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr68. ± 1.kJ/molEqkMeged, Levanova, et al., 1980gas phase; ALS
Δr68.2 ± 4.2kJ/molEqkMeged, Levanova, et al., 1980gas phase; ALS

Fluorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Fluorine anion • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: F- + HCl = (F- • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr250. ± 8.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; bracketing; M

Butane, 1,1-dichloro- = 1-Butene, 1-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr61.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS
Δr61.1 ± 0.4kJ/molEqkRodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS

Sodium ion (1+) + Hydrogen chloride = (Sodium ion (1+) • Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ • HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.0kJ/molFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr85.4J/mol*KFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr74.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
Δr61.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
Δr65.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- = Hydrogen chloride + Trichloroethylene

By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr55.2kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
Δr44.8kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(Hydrogen chloride • 4.40Water) (solution) = 2Ferrocene (cr) + Titanocene dichloride (cr)

By formula: C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(HCl • 4.40H2O) (solution) = 2C10H10Fe (cr) + C10H10Cl2Ti (cr)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-253.5 ± 4.5kJ/molRSCDias, Salema, et al., 1982Please also see Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987.; MS

Benzoyl chloride, 2-chloro- + Water = Benzoic acid, 2-chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C7H4Cl2O + H2O = C7H5ClO2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-39.8 ± 0.3kJ/molCmMoselhy and Pritchard, 1975liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to HCl+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)12.744 ± 0.009eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)556.9kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity530.1kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
12.790PEWang, Dillon, et al., 1984LBLHLM
12.752 ± 0.006PEPennetreau, Natalis, et al., 1983LBLHLM
12.748PEVon Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.747 ± 0.002PENatalis, Pennetreau, et al., 1982LBLHLM
12.75PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
12.72 ± 0.03PITiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979LLK
12.748EVALHuber and Herzberg, 1979LLK
12.748 ± 0.005PEWeiss, Lawrence, et al., 1970RDSH
12.74 ± 0.01PELempka, Passmore, et al., 1968RDSH
12.742 ± 0.010PINicholson, 1965RDSH
12.74 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
Cl+17.34 ± 0.01HPIKrauss, Walker, et al., 1968RDSH
H+14.5Cl-EIFox, 1957RDSH

De-protonation reactions

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen chloride

By formula: Cl- + H+ = HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1394.9kJ/molN/AMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1396. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1377.0kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1372.8 ± 0.42kJ/molH-TSMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: ΔHacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
Δr1374. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1354.4kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; ΔS(EA)=5.0; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Giauque, W.F.; Wiebe, R., THE ENTROPY OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE. HEAT CAPACITY FROM 16°K. TO BOILING POINT. HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLID AND LIQUID, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 1, 101-122, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01388a013 . [all data]

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Metz, R.B.; Kitsopoulos, T.; Weaver, A.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the Transition State Region in the Cl+HCl Reaction by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of ClHCl-, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2, 1463, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454218 . [all data]

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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]

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Notes

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