Ethyl radical

• Formula: C₂H₅
• Molecular weight: 29.0611
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H5/c1-2/h1H2,2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 2025-56-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Ethyl radical-1,1-d2
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to C₂H₅⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₅ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₅)

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State:   3p

State:   3s

State:   X

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 359; Jacox, 1998, page 323; Jacox, 2003, page 334; Sogoshi, Wakabayashi, et al., 2001; Kim and Yamamoto, 2004

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

Page, 1972
Page, F.M., Experimental determination of the electron affinities of inorganic radicals, Adv. Chem. Ser., 1972, 36, 68. [all data]

Page and Goode, 1969
Page, F.M.; Goode, G.C., Negative Ions and the Magnetron., Wiley, NY, 1969. [all data]

Ruscic, Berkowitz, et al., 1989
Ruscic, B.; Berkowitz, J.; Curtiss, L.A., The ethyl radical: Photoionization and theoretical studies, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 114. [all data]

Lias, Bartmess, et al., 1988
Lias, S.G.; Bartmess, J.E.; Liebman, J.F.; Holmes, J.L.; Levin, R.D.; Mallard, W.G., Gas-phase ion and neutral thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Suppl. 1, 1988, 17, 1-861. [all data]

Dyke, Ellis, et al., 1984
Dyke, J.M.; Ellis, A.R.; Keddar, N.; Morris, A., A reinvestigation of the first band in the photoelectron spectrum of the ethyl radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 2565. [all data]

Dyke, Jonathan, et al., 1982
Dyke, J.M.; Jonathan, N.; Morris, A., Recent progress in the study of transient species with vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1982, 2, 3. [all data]

Houle and Beauchamp, 1979
Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoelectron spectroscopy of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl radicals. Implications for the thermochemistry and structures of the radicals and their corresponding carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 4067. [all data]

Houle and Beauchamp, 1977
Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., The first ionization potential of ethyl radical by photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 48, 457. [all data]

Lossing and Semeluk, 1970
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLII.Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for C₁-C₄ alkyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 955. [all data]

Williams and Hamill, 1968
Williams, J.M.; Hamill, W.H., Ionization potentials of molecules and free radicals and appearance potentials by electron impact in the mass spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 4467. [all data]

Elder, Giese, et al., 1962
Elder, F.A.; Giese, C.; Steiner, B.; Inghram, M., Photo-ionization of alkyl free radicals, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 3292. [all data]

Fisher and Armentrout, 1992
Fisher, E.R.; Armentrout, P.B., Activation of Alkanes by Cr+: Unique Reactivity of Ground-State Cr+(6S) and Thermochemistry of Neutral and Ionic Chromium-Carbon Bonds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 6, 2039, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a017 . [all data]

Wendt and Hunziker, 1984
Wendt, H.R.; Hunziker, H.E., The UV spectra of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2, 717, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447755 . [all data]

Munk, Pagsberg, et al., 1986
Munk, J.; Pagsberg, P.; Ratajczak, E.; Sillesen, A., Spectrokinetic studies of ethyl and ethylperoxy radicals, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 12, 2752, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a038 . [all data]

Sappey and Weisshaar, 1987
Sappey, A.D.; Weisshaar, J.C., Vibronic spectrum of cold, gas-phase allyl radicals by multiphoton ionization, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 14, 3731, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100298a004 . [all data]

Wendt, Wyrsch, et al., 1974
Wendt, H.R.; Wyrsch, D.; Hunziker, H.E., Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 201. [all data]

Parkes and Quinn, 1976
Parkes, D.A.; Quinn, C.P., J. Chem. Soc., 1976, Faraday Trans. 1 72, 1952. [all data]

Davis, Uy, et al., 2000
Davis, S.; Uy, D.; Nesbitt, D.J., Laser spectroscopy of jet-cooled ethyl radical: Infrared studies in the CH[sub 2] stretch manifold, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 4, 1823, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.480746 . [all data]

Pacansky, Gardini, et al., 1976
Pacansky, J.; Gardini, G.P.; Bargon, J., Low temperature studies on propionyl benzoyl peroxide and propionyl peroxide. The ethyl radical, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 9, 2665, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00425a045 . [all data]

Pacansky and Dupuis, 1982
Pacansky, J.; Dupuis, M., Assignment of the infrared spectrum for the ethyl radical, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2, 415, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00366a007 . [all data]

Pacansky and Schrader, 1983
Pacansky, J.; Schrader, B., Calculation of the frequencies and intensities in the infrared spectrum of the ethyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1983, 78, 3, 1033, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.444903 . [all data]

Chettur and Snelson, 1987
Chettur, G.; Snelson, A., Alkylperoxy and alkyl radicals. 4. Matrix IR spectra and UV photolysis of ethylperoxy and ethyl radicals, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 13, 3483, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100297a006 . [all data]

Sogoshi, Wakabayashi, et al., 1997
Sogoshi, N.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T.; Shida, T., Infrared Spectroscopic Studies on Photolysis of Ethyl Iodide in Solid Parahydrogen, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 4, 522, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961911r . [all data]

Wu, Yang, et al., 2004
Wu, Y.-J.; Yang, X.; Lee, Y.-P., Infrared matrix-isolation spectroscopy using pulsed deposition of p-H[sub 2], J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 3, 1168, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1639151 . [all data]

Haber, Blair, et al., 2006
Haber, T.; Blair, A.C.; Nesbitt, D.J.; Schuder, M.D., CH stretch/internal rotor dynamics in ethyl radical: High-resolution spectroscopy in the CH[sub 3]-stretch manifold, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 124, 5, 054316, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2140740 . [all data]

Sears, Johnson, et al., 1996
Sears, T.J.; Johnson, P.M.; Jin, P.; Oatis, S., Infrared laser transient absorption spectroscopy of the ethyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 3, 781, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.470803 . [all data]

Sears, Johnson, et al., 1999
Sears, T.J.; Johnson, P.M.; BeeBe-Wang, J., Infrared spectrum of the CH[sub 2] out-of-plane fundamental of C[sub 2]H[sub 5], J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 111, 20, 9213, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479835 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Sogoshi, Wakabayashi, et al., 2001
Sogoshi, N.; Wakabayashi, T.; Momose, T.; Shida, T., Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Photolysis of Ethyl Iodide in Solid Parahydrogen: Perdeuterated Iodide System, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 13, 3077, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp004027g . [all data]

Kim and Yamamoto, 2004
Kim, E.; Yamamoto, S., Fourier transform millimeter-wave spectroscopy of the ethyl radical in the electronic ground state, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 7, 3265, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1640616 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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