Germanium difluoride

Formula: F₂Ge
Molecular weight: 110.64
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/F2Ge/c1-3-2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GGJOARIBACGTDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 13940-63-1
Chemical structure:
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Other data available:
- Phase change data
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to F₂Ge⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
>1.30 ± 0.30	EIAE	Harland, Cradock, et al., 1972	From GeF4; G2MP2 calculations indicate an EA of ca. 0.7 eV; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.9 ± 0.3	EI	Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971	LLK
11.8 ± 0.1	EI	Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968	RDSH
11.65	PE	Jonkers, Van Der Kerk, et al., 1982	Vertical value; LBLHLM

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
GeF⁺	14.0 ± 0.3	F	EI	Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968	RDSH
Ge⁺	18.8 ± 0.3	?	EI	Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968	RDSH

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

State: B ?

Energy (cm^-1)		Med.	Transition	λ_min (nm)	λ_max (nm)	References


T_x = 68400	T	gas	B-X	136	156	Gole, Hauge, et al., 1972

State: A

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	Transition	λ_min (nm)	λ_max (nm)	References


T_o = 43860.9	gas	A-X	215	265	Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968
					Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
					Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1	Med.	Method	References


a₁	1	Sym. stretch	623.8 ± 0.6	gas	LF	Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
	2	Bend	159.6	gas	AB LF	Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968 Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994

State: a

Energy (cm^-1)	Med.	Transition	λ_min (nm)	λ_max (nm)	References


T_o = 30582.1	gas	a-X	300	380	Martin and Merer, 1973
					Yagi and Takahashi, 1992
					Yagi, Ohta, et al., 1993
					Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
					Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1	Med.	Method	References


a₁	1	Sym. stretch	673.1 ± 0.5	gas	LF	Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
	2	Bend	192.2	gas	EM LF	Martin and Merer, 1973 Yagi and Takahashi, 1992 Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994

State: X

Vib. sym.	No.	Approximate type of mode	cm^-1	Med.	Method	References


a₁	1	Sym. stretch	663	gas	IR	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
	1	Sym. stretch	655	Ne	IR	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
	1	Sym. stretch	648	Ar	IR Ra	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968 Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974
	1	Sym. stretch	653	N₂	Ra	Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974
	2	Bend	263 ± 2	gas	AB EM	Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968 Martin and Merer, 1973 Yagi and Takahashi, 1992
b₂	3	Asym. stretch	692	gas	IR	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
	3	Asym. stretch	685	Ne	IR	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
	3	Asym. stretch	676	Ar	IR	Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968

Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 101; Jacox, 1998, page 198; Jacox, 2003, page 140; Takeo, Curl, et al., 1971; Takeo and Curl, 1972

Notes

Tentative assignment or approximate value

Energy separation between the v = 0 levels of the excited and electronic ground states.

Energy separation between the band maximum of the excited electronic state and the v = 0 level of the ground state.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Harland, Cradock, et al., 1972
Harland, P.W.; Cradock, S.; Thynne, J.C.J., Positive- and negative-ion formation due to the electron bombardment of germanium tetrafluoride, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 10, 169. [all data]

Adams, Margrave, et al., 1971
Adams, G.P.; Margrave, J.L.; Steiger, R.P.; Wilson, P.W., The enthalpy of sublimation of germanium difluoride and the thermodynamics of sublimation of the Group IVa difluorides, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 297. [all data]

Zmbov, Hastie, et al., 1968
Zmbov, K.F.; Hastie, J.W.; Hauge, R.; Margrave, J.L., Formation of polymeric (GeF₂)_n in the vapor phase over GeF₂, Inorg. Chem., 1968, 7, 608. [all data]

Jonkers, Van Der Kerk, et al., 1982
Jonkers, G.; Van Der Kerk, S.M.; Mooyman, R.; De Lange, C.A., UV photoelectron spectroscopy of transient species: Germanium difluoride (GeF₂), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 90, 252. [all data]

Gole, Hauge, et al., 1972
Gole, J.L.; Hauge, R.H.; Margrave, J.L.; Hastie, J.W., The vaccum ultraviolet spectra of SiF2 and GeF2, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 43, 3, 441, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(72)90055-0 . [all data]

Hauge, Khanna, et al., 1968
Hauge, R.; Khanna, V.M.; Margrave, L., Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of GeF2, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 27, 1-4, 143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(68)90026-X . [all data]

Karolczak, Grev, et al., 1994
Karolczak, J.; Grev, R.S.; Clouthier, D.J., Pyrolysis jet spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the S1 and T1 states of germanium difluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 2, 891, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467742 . [all data]

Boyle, Seccombe, et al., 1998
Boyle, K.J.; Seccombe, D.P.; Tuckett, R.P.; Baumgartel, H.; Jochims, H.W., Vacuum--UV fluorescence spectroscopy of GeF4 in the 10--25 eV range, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1998, 294, 6, 507, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00881-1 . [all data]

Martin and Merer, 1973
Martin, R.W.; Merer, A.J., A New Electronic Emission System of GeF, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 7, 727, https://doi.org/10.1139/p73-097 . [all data]

Yagi and Takahashi, 1992
Yagi, S.; Takahashi, N., Anomalous intense ultraviolet emission bands in the radio-frequency glow discharges of GeH4-fluorocarbon-H2 mixtures, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1992, 61, 22, 2677, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108106 . [all data]

Yagi, Ohta, et al., 1993
Yagi, S.; Ohta, T.; Saito, K.; Obi, K., Selective excitation of GeF and GeF2 in glow discharges of GeF4, J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 74, 3, 1480, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.354846 . [all data]

Hastie, Hauge, et al., 1968
Hastie, J.W.; Hauge, R.; Margrave, J.L., Infrared vibrational properties of germanium difluoride, J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 13, 4492, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100859a020 . [all data]

Huber, Kundig, et al., 1974
Huber, H.; Kundig, E.P.; Ozin, G.A.; Vander Voet, A., Matrix Infrared and Laser Raman Spectra, Molecular Structures and Normal Coordinate Analyses of Germanium Difluoride, Monomer GeF, Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 1, 95, https://doi.org/10.1139/v74-013 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Takeo, Curl, et al., 1971
Takeo, H.; Curl, R.F.; Wilson, P.W., Microwave spectrum of GeF2, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 38, 3, 464, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(71)90072-5 . [all data]

Takeo and Curl, 1972
Takeo, H.; Curl, R.F., Microwave spectrum of GeF2: quadrupole coupling and centrifugal distortion, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 43, 1, 21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(72)90160-9 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

EA Electron affinity
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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