Pyridine

Formula: C₅H₅N
Molecular weight: 79.0999
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H5N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 110-86-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Pyridine-D5-
Other names: Azabenzene; Azine; NCI-C55301; Piridina; Pirydyna; Pyridin; Rcra waste number U196; UN 1282; Pyr; CP 32; NSC 406123
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	140.2	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	140.6 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Cm	Andon, Cox, et al., 1957	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	140.7 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	110.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Constam and White, 1903	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 69.9 kj/mol from Constam and White, 1903 and Δ_vapH° value of 40.2 kj/mol from Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961.; DRB

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	99.96 ± 0.50	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	100.2 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	69.9	kJ/mol	Ccb	Constam and White, 1903	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2725.	kJ/mol	Ccb	Strepikheev, Baranov, et al., 1962	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2782.2 ± 0.42	kJ/mol	Ccb	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2782.4 ± 1.5	kJ/mol	Ccb	Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954	ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-2758.	kJ/mol	Ccb	Constam and White, 1903	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	177.90	J/mol*K	N/A	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	DH
S°_liquid	179.1	J/mol*K	N/A	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	Extrapolation below 90 K, 50.04 J/mol*K.; DH
S°_liquid	210.41	J/mol*K	N/A	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	Extrapolation below 90 K, 89.33 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
193.4	293.	Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967	T = 293 to 353 K.; DH
133.	298.15	Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961	DH
146.9	332.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958	Mean value 22 to 96°C.; DH
132.72	298.15	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	T = 10 to 350 K.; DH
134.93	298.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	T = 90 to 300 K.; DH
133.30	298.1	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	T = 90 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
129.3	289.	Radulescu and Jula, 1934	DH
135.35	273.4	Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931	DH
135.6	290.	Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931, 2	DH
129.33	294.	Mathews, Krause, et al., 1917	DH
130.5	283.	Bramley, 1916	Mean value, 0 to 20°C.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	388.5 ± 0.6	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 80 out of 84 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	232. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 26 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	231.48	K	N/A	Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; measured in calorimeter at USBM, Bartlesville, OK; TRC
T_triple	231.480	K	N/A	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; by extrapolation of 1/f to zero; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	619. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	56.60	bar	N/A	Brunner, 1987	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0565 bar; Visual, optical cell 30cm high. P transducer cal. vs PB.; TRC
P_c	56.40	bar	N/A	Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.034 bar; TRC
P_c	60.795	bar	N/A	Herz and Neukirch, 1923	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8106 bar; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.253	l/mol	N/A	Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 l/mol; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	40.3 ± 0.3	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
35.09	388.4	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
39.3	324.	N/A	Ukraintseva, Soldatov, et al., 1997	Based on data from 289. to 358. K.; AC
37.6	354.	N/A	Blanco, Beltran, et al., 1994	Based on data from 346. to 362. K.; AC
39.9	310.	EB	Lencka, 1990	Based on data from 295. to 388. K.; AC
39.7	311.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 296. to 353. K.; AC
37.3	363.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 348. to 434. K.; AC
35.0	446.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 431. to 558. K.; AC
34.0	567.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 552. to 620. K.; AC
37.6	355.	EB	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 340. to 426. K. See also McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957.; AC
39.6	313.	C	Michou-Saucet, Jose, et al., 1986	Based on data from 298. to 333. K.; AC
39.4	313.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
38.5	328.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
37.7	343.	C	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
36.3	368.	N/A	Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984	AC
37.5 ± 0.1	346.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
36.4 ± 0.1	366.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
35.1 ± 0.1	388.	C	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	AC
38.4	335.	MG	Herington and Martin, 1953	Based on data from 320. to 388. K.; AC
44.4	273.	N/A	Meulen and Mann, 1931	Based on data from 258. to 389. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K)	A (kJ/mol)	β	T_c (K)	Reference	Comment
298. to 388.	55.43	0.2536	620.	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
340.5 to 426.04	4.16272	1371.358	-58.496	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
8.2785	231.49	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Includes energy of anomaly at about 210 K.; DH
8.28	231.5	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	AC
8.272	231.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	DH
3.100	230.38	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
35.76	231.49	McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957	Includes; DH
35.79	231.1	Parks, Todd, et al., 1936	DH
13.46	230.38	Pearce and Bakke, 1936	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₅H₄N^- + = Pyridine

By formula: C₅H₄N^- + H⁺ = C₅H₅N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1631. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Schafman and Wenthold, 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1636. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1601. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1607. ± 13.	kJ/mol	IMRB	DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988	gas phase; Comparable to water in acidity; B
Δ_rG°	<1574. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bruins, Ferrer-Correia, et al., 1978	gas phase; O^- deprotonates; B

C₅H₆N⁺ + Pyridine = (C₅H₆N⁺ • )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	105.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	103.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	110.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	118.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	134.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M

Pyridine + 3 =

By formula: C₅H₅N + 3H₂ = C₅H₁₁N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-193.8 ± 0.75	kJ/mol	Eqk	Hales and Herington, 1957	gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -202.2 ± 0.75 kJ/mol; At 400-550 K; ALS
Δ_rH°	-193.0 ± 2.1	kJ/mol	Eqk	Burrows and King, 1935	liquid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -188.3 kJ/mol; At 423-443 K; ALS

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.1 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	28. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	159.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Li⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	181. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	180.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₅H₅N = (K⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.8	J/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M

( • 2 Pyridine ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	117.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Pyridine ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 4C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	169.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • Pyridine ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

H₂O₃^- + Pyridine + = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	137. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅NO₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅NO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90.8 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅N₂O^-

By formula: NO^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅N₂O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

3 + = 3 Pyridine + KClO₃

By formula: 3C₅H₅NO + ClK = 3C₅H₅N + KClO₃

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	315. ± 10.	kJ/mol	Cm	Shaofeng and Pilcher, 1988	solid phase; ALS

3 + = 3 Pyridine + KBrO₃

By formula: 3C₅H₅NO + BrK = 3C₅H₅N + KBrO₃

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	313.6 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	Cm	Shaofeng and Pilcher, 1988	solid phase; ALS

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Fe⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	223. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cr⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ti⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	217. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	182. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Sc⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	231. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mg⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	200. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₅H₅N = (V⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	218. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ni⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	255. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Al⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	190. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Zn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Zn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Co⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cu⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	246. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Na⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	127. ± 3.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
89.		Q	N/A	missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
110.	5900.	M	N/A

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	9.26 ± 0.01	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	930.	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	898.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
936.5 ± 8.5	Wind, Papp, et al., 2005	T = 298K; MM

Protonation entropy at 298K

Protonation entropy (J/mol*K)	Reference	Comment
-1. ± 10.	Wind, Papp, et al., 2005	T = 298K; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.34 ± 0.03	EI	Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984	LBLHLM
9.25	TRPI	Lifshitz, 1982	LBLHLM
9.60	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
9.26	PE	Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1978	LLK
9.25	PI	Eland, Berkowitz, et al., 1978	LLK
9.74 ± 0.05	EI	Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976	LLK
~9.5	EI	Van Veen and Plantenga, 1975	LLK
9.9 ± 0.1	EI	Stefanovic and Grutzmacher, 1974	LLK
9.263	PE	King, Murrell, et al., 1972	LLK
9.66 ± 0.03	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
9.70 ± 0.05	EI	Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971	LLK
9.70	EI	Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971, 2	LLK
9.30 ± 0.01	PI	Potapov and Sorokin, 1970	RDSH
9.10	PE	Goffart, Momigny, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.10 ± 0.01	PI	Goffart, Momigny, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.31	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
9.28	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
9.20 ± 0.05	PI	Akopyan and Vilesov, 1964	RDSH
9.4	PI	Terenin, 1961	RDSH
9.266	S	El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961	RDSH
9.23 ± 0.03	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
9.8 ± 0.2	EI	Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938	RDSH
9.51	PE	Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978	Vertical value; LLK
9.66	PE	Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
9.7	PE	Batich, Heilbronner, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK
9.6 ± 0.5	PE	Heilbronner, Hornung, et al., 1972	Vertical value; LLK
9.59	PE	Gleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970	Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C₃H₃⁺	14.00 ± 0.10	?	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₃H₃N⁺	13.84 ± 0.10	C₂H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₂⁺	16.17 ± 0.10	HCN+H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₃⁺	16.61 ± 0.10	HCN+H	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₄H₄⁺	11.84 ± 0.05	HCN	TRPI	Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.6 ± 0.1	HCN	EI	Burgers and Holmes, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.34 ± 0.05	HCN	EI	Burgers and Holmes, 1984	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.0 ± 0.2	HCN	TRPI	Lifshitz, 1982	LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	12.15 ± 0.02	HCN	PIPECO	Rosenstock, Stockbauer, et al., 1981	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	11.8	HCN	PI	Eland, Berkowitz, et al., 1978	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	12.3 ± 0.1	HCN	EI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	13.41 ± 0.05	HCN	EI	Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	13.28	HCN	EI	Beynon, Hopkinson, et al., 1969	RDSH
C₅H₃N⁺	12.42 ± 0.10	H₂	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₅H₄N⁺	14.00 ± 0.10	H	EI	Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₅H₄N^- + = Pyridine

By formula: C₅H₄N^- + H⁺ = C₅H₅N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1631. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Schafman and Wenthold, 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1636. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1601. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988	gas phase; anchored to 88MEO scale, not the "87 acidity scale". The Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997 BDE is for ortho.; B
Δ_rG°	1607. ± 13.	kJ/mol	IMRB	DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988	gas phase; Comparable to water in acidity; B
Δ_rG°	<1574. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bruins, Ferrer-Correia, et al., 1978	gas phase; O^- deprotonates; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

( • 2 Pyridine ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	117.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Pyridine ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Ag⁺ • 4C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	74.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	169.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Al⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	190. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

C₅H₆N⁺ + Pyridine = (C₅H₆N⁺ • )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	105.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	103.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	110.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	99.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	118.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	134.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	124.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Pyridine ) + = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9	kJ/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	159.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.1 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	28. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • Pyridine ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • C₅H₅N) + C₅H₅N = (Cl^- • 2C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Co⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cr⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Cu⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	246. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Fe⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	223. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

H₂O₃^- + Pyridine + = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	137. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₅H₅N = (K⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	86.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	77.8	J/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Li⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	181. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	180.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mg⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	200. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Mn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	182. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅N₂O^-

By formula: NO^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅N₂O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.9 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Na⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	127. ± 3.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ni⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	255. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = C₅H₅NO₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₅H₅N = C₅H₅NO₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90.8 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Sc⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	231. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Ti⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	217. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₅H₅N = (V⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	218. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

+ Pyridine = ( • )

By formula: Zn⁺ + C₅H₅N = (Zn⁺ • C₅H₅N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	247. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000	RCD

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

liquid; Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR; 0.4821395 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 79
NIST MS number	227742

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.

UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

View spectrum image in SVG format.

Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Source	missing citation
Owner	INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference	RAS UV No. 1112
Instrument	Zeiss PMQII
Melting point	-41.6
Boiling point	115.2

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, NIST Free Links, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	PMS-1000	90.	726.	Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004	N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	160.	749.	Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004	Chromaton N-AW; Column length: 1. m; Large deviations from similar measurements
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	724.4	Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000	He; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-101	60.	727.87	Garay, 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
Capillary	OV-101	110.	748.	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	He; Phase thickness: 0.4 μm
Capillary	OV-101	110.	738.	Zhuravleva, 2000	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	Squalane	200.	740.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999
Capillary	OV-101	110.	739.	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 1999	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	110.	756.	Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	SPB-1	60.	706.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	728.	Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994	H2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	738.	Kowalski, 1992	He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	723.4	Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992	Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	HP-1	60.	729.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	100.	738.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Packed	Apolane	130.	726.	Dutoit, 1991	Column length: 3.7 m
Capillary	SE-30	110.	738.	Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	80.	732.	Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Packed	OV-1	120.	737.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1.5 m
Packed	SE-30	120.	743.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SP-2100	120.	746.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Capillary	OV-101	150.	745.	Morishita, Morimoto, et al., 1986	N2; Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
Capillary	OV-101	80.	732.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	25. m/0.25 mm/0.156 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	732.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	735.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	735.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	35. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Capillary	OV-101	80.	733.	Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986	50. m/0.25 mm/0.125 μm, He
Packed	OV-101	130.	692.	Osmialowski, Halkiewicz, et al., 1985	Ar, Chromosorb W HP; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	741.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2; Column length: 200. m
Packed	OV-1	120.	741.	Valko, Papp, et al., 1984	Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apolane	100.	719.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	707.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	120.	699.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	125.	711.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	200.	740.	Castello and D'Amato, 1983	He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
Packed	SE-30	100.	743.	Winskowski, 1983	Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	690.	Goebel, 1982	N2
Packed	Triacontane	80.	735.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	80.	751.	Castello and D'Amato, 1979	He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	721.6	Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979	Column length: 1. m
Capillary	Apiezon M	120.	739.	Golovnya and Misharina, 1977
Packed	Apiezon L	130.	751.	Shatts, Avots, et al., 1977	He, Chromosorb W AW-DMCS; Column length: 2.4 m
Packed	Apolane	70.	705.9	Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976	He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
Packed	Apiezon L	100.	734.	Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976	N2 or He, Chromosorb G, AW; Column length: 2.7 m
Packed	SE-30	150.	750.	Ashes and Haken, 1974	Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	Apiezon L	110.	728.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	130.	736.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Apiezon L	150.	748.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	PMS-100	130.	720.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PMS-100	150.	725.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PMS-100	180.	730.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	DC-200	120.	730.	Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966	Celite; Column length: 4. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	725.	Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	717.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	719.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	OV-101	733.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	736.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	695.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1979	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	696.	Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1979	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	722.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BP-5	746.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	750.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-1	731.5	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	740.	Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974	Chromosrb G; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-40M	150.	1195.	Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997	50. m/0.3 mm/0.4 μm, He
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	60.	1187.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	PEG-40M	110.	1195.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	PEG-40M	80.	1180.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Packed	Carbowax 20M	80.	1177.	Kersten and Poole, 1987	N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1180.	Betts, 1986	Column length: 1. m
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1216.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2, Chromaton N AW HMDS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	75.	1224.	Goebel, 1982	N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	1190.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	110.	1193.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	90.	1185.	Bark and Wheatstone, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W AW-DCMS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	PEG-2000	150.	1233.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	152.	1227.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	180.	1233.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990	He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1185.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1187.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-20	1180.	MacLeod and Pieris, 1983	H2, 65. C @ 3. min, 12. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1181.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-20	1185.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	PEG-20M	1181.	Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001	He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1190.1	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	747.	Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	769.	Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	753.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	751.	Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	753.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	695.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	735.6	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	736.7	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	739.1	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	BPX-5	741.	Ames, Guy, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	717.	Kim, 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	756.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BPX-5	757.	Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-1	726.	Bartelt, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	OV-1	715.5	Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996	8. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	735.6	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	736.7	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	739.1	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	OV-101	737.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 100. C
Capillary	OV-101	734.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 8. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	OV-101	736.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	He, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C
Packed	SE-30	731.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	He, Supelcoport and Chromosorb, 40. C @ 4. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m
Capillary	DB-5	736.	Premecz and Ford, 1987	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-1	719.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	761.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 0C => rapidly => 40C(8min) => 4C/min => 250C(10min)
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	749.	Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 0C(5min) => 40C/min => 40C (2min) => 4C/min => 280C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1196.	Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1170.	Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Stabilwax	1168.	Cros S., Lignot B., et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1164.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1179.	Kim, 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1202.	Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1180.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1179.	Chung, 1999, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1195.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1183.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1174.	Chung and Cadwallader, 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1182.	Baltes and Mevissen, 1988	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1194.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 100. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1191.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 8. K/min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1192.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 8. K/min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	PEG-40M	1189.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988	25. m/0.32 mm/0.80 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1209.	Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1209.	Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CP-WAX 57CB	1211.	Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CAM	1182.744	Premecz and Ford, 1987	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 21. min; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	FFAP	1218.	Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1218.	Ranau and Steinhart, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1176.	Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1173.	Baek and Cadwallader, 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C => (6C/min) => 80C(6min) => (15C/min) => 200C(10min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1183.	Sing, Smadja, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C(0.5min) => 60C => 4C/min => 250C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	105.	732.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	75.	725.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	90.	729.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	736.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	736.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	738.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	100.	732.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	736.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	140.	742.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	80.	726.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	736.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	738.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	739.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	OV-101	130.	692.	Qi, Yang, et al., 2000
Packed	Synachrom	150.	699.	Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971	Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	736.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	753.	Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	739.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5	743.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	769.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	ZB-5	742.	Harrison and Priest, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 9. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	740.	Kim and Chung, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 30. min
Capillary	VF-5	740.	Li and Zhao, 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SPB-5	748.	Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 2009	60. m/0.32 mm/1.00 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SLB-5MS	762.	Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008	10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1.5 min, 10. K/min; T_end: 295. C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	751.	Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	732.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	727.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	752.5	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	MDN-5	746.	van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	MDN-5	745.	van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	751.	Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004	0. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	HP-1	712.	Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SPB-5	752.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SPB-5	743.	Poligné, Collignan, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	728.	Chen and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-1	728.	Chen, Wang, et al., 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-1	738.	Tai and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-1	733.	Lu, Yu, et al., 1997	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-1	712.	Buttery, Stern, et al., 1994	He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-101	695.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-5	741.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-5	744.	Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	694.	Ishihara, Tsuneya, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	702.	Ishihara, Tsuneya, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	751.	Macku and Shibamoto, 1991	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Macku and Shibamoto, 1991, 2	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 160. C
Capillary	OV-101	744.	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	712.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	739.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-30	718.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981	40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	720.	Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	753.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	772.	Rodrigues, Hanson, et al., 2012	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C (15 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (5 min)
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	753.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	748.	Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5MS	726.	Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008	10. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	716.	Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
Capillary	HP-5	755.	Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007	He; Program: 50C => 3C/min => 200C(10min) => 10C/min => 290C(10min)
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	753.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	749.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	DB-5	749.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	SPB-5	738.	Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	724.	Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C=3C/min => 250C(30min)
Capillary	Apiezon L	749.	Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	712.	Guyot-Declerck, Renson, et al., 2002	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 36C => 20C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)	743.	Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	756.	Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5 MS	759.	Luo and Agnew, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	756.	Li, Gao, et al., 2000	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	711.	Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He; Program: 30C => 55C/min => 85C => 1C/min => 145C => 3C/min => 250C
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	749.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	750.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	SPB-1	725.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	714.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	718.	Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	745.	Weller and Wolf, 1989	40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
Capillary	DB-1	695.	MacLeod and Snyder, 1988	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	732.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	692.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	743.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	695.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1174.	Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012	15. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Shimadzu, 2012	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	FFAP	1199.	Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 2011	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2010	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1202.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1203.	Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 200. C @ 9.5 min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1213.	Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1186.	Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	FFAP	1199.	Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1169.	Fujioka and Shibamoto, 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 90. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 40. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1209.	Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1170.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1204.	Shimadzu Corporation, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1188.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1190.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1170.	Fukami, Ishiyama, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1203.	Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1190.	Lee and Shibamoto, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1156.	Xue, Ye, et al., 2000	He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 190. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Buttery, Orts, et al., 1999	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 60. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1193.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1220.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Buttery and Ling, 1998	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1176.	Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1186.	Kubec, Drhová, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1187.	Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1159.	Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1183.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1160.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1168.	Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1176.	Liardon and Ledermann, 1980	H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 39. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	Gyawali and Kim, 2012	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1209.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1193.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1198.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1180.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1182.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1181.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Kraft and Switt, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1180.	Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1200.	Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1180.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1157.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1191.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1172.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1172.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1173.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax	1174.	Baltes and Bochmann, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	1224.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1181.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1180.	MacLeod and Pieris, 1981	Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	104.4	Wang, Hou, et al., 2007	30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	108.15	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	121.47	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 310. C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, Notes

Hubbard, Frow, et al., 1961
Hubbard, W.N.; Frow, F.R.; Waddington, G., The heats of combustion and formation of pyridine and hippuric acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 1326-1328. [all data]

Andon, Cox, et al., 1957
Andon, R.J.L.; Cox, J.D.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., The second virial coefficients of pyridine and benzene, and certain of their methyl homologues, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 1074. [all data]

Cox, Challoner, et al., 1954
Cox, J.D.; Challoner, A.R.; Meetham, A.R., The heats of combustion of pyridine and certain of its derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 265-271. [all data]

Constam and White, 1903
Constam, E.J.; White, J., Physico-chemical investigations in the pyridine series, Am. Chem. J., 1903, 29, 1-49. [all data]

Strepikheev, Baranov, et al., 1962
Strepikheev, Yu.A.; Baranov, Yu.I.; Burmistrova, O.A., Determination of the heats of combustion and the heat capacities of several mono- and di-isocyanates, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1962, 5, 387-390. [all data]

McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Kincheloe, T.C.; Waddington, G., Pyridine: experimental and calculated chemical thermodynamic properties between 0 and 1500 K., a revised vibrational assignment, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4289-4295. [all data]

Parks, Todd, et al., 1936
Parks, G.S.; Todd, S.S.; Moore, W.A., Thermal data on organic compounds. XVI. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for typical benzene derivatives and heterocyclic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 398-401. [all data]

Pearce and Bakke, 1936
Pearce, J.N.; Bakke, H.M., The heat capacity and the free energy of formation of pyridine, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1936, 43, 171-174. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heat of some ternary azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1958, 6, 365-366. [all data]

Radulescu and Jula, 1934
Radulescu, D.; Jula, O., Beiträge zur Bestimmung der Abstufung der Polarität des Aminstickstoffes in den organischen Verbindungen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1934, B26, 390-393. [all data]

Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931
Swietoslawski, W.; Tybicka, S.; Solodkowska, W., Sur un microcalorimetre adiabatique, adapte aux mesures de la chaleur specifique de substances solides et liquides, Bull. Int. Acad. Pol. Sci. Lett. Cl. Sci. Math Nat. Ser A, 1931, 1931, 322-335. [all data]

Swietoslawski, Tybicka, et al., 1931, 2
Swietoslawski, W.; Tybicka, S.; Solodkowska, W., Sur un microcalorimetre adiabatique, adapte aux mesures de la chaleur specifique de substances solides et liquides, Rocz. Chem., 1931, 11, 65-77. [all data]

Mathews, Krause, et al., 1917
Mathews, J.H.; Krause, E.L.; Bohnson, B.L., a contribution to the thermal chemistry of pyridine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 398-413. [all data]

Bramley, 1916
Bramley, A., The study of binary mixtures. Part IV. Heats of reaction and specific heats, J. Chem. Soc. (London), 1916, 109, 496-515. [all data]

Helm, Lanum, et al., 1958
Helm, R.V.; Lanum, W.J.; Cook, G.L.; Ball, J.S., Purification and Properties of Pyrrole, Pyrrolidine, Pyridine and 2-Methylpyridine, J. Phys. Chem., 1958, 62, 858. [all data]

McCullough, Douslin, et al., 1957, 2
McCullough, J.P.; Douslin, D.R.; Messerly, J.F.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Kincheloe, T.C.; Waddington, G., Pyridine: Experimental and Calculated Chemical Thermodynamic Prop- erties Between 0 and 1500 K; A Revised Vibrational Assignment, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4289. [all data]

Brunner, 1987
Brunner, E., Fluid mixtures at high pressures VI. Phase separation and critical phenomina in 18 binary mixtures containing either pyridine or ethanoic acid, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 823. [all data]

Kobe, Ravicz, et al., 1956
Kobe, K.A.; Ravicz, A.E.; Vohra, S.P., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Ethers and Heterocyclic Compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1956, 1, 50. [all data]

Herz and Neukirch, 1923
Herz, W.; Neukirch, E., On Knowldge of the Critical State, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1923, 104, 433-50. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Ukraintseva, Soldatov, et al., 1997
Ukraintseva, E.A.; Soldatov, D.V.; Dyadin, Yu.A., Pyridine vapor pressure and thermodynamic parameters of clathrate and complex formation in the pyridine-zinc nitrate system, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1997, 42, 2, 283. [all data]

Blanco, Beltran, et al., 1994
Blanco, Beatriz; Beltran, Sagrario; Cabezas, Jose Luis; Coca, Jose, Vapor-liquid equilibria of coal-derived liquids. 3. Binary systems with tetralin at 200 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1994, 39, 1, 23-26, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00013a007 . [all data]

Lencka, 1990
Lencka, Malgorzata, Measurements of the vapour pressures of pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine from 0.1 kPa to atmospheric pressure using a modified Swietoslawski ebulliometer, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 5, 473-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90139-H . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Michou-Saucet, Jose, et al., 1986
Michou-Saucet, Marie-Annie; Jose, Jacques; Michou-Saucet, Christian, Equilibre liquide-vapeur isotherme des systemes pyridine-n-hexane et pyridine-n-heptane, Thermochimica Acta, 1986, 102, 271-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)85335-7 . [all data]

Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1984
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.; Lencka, M., Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive energies of pyridine and isomeric methylpyridines, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1984, 16, 1019-1024. [all data]

Herington and Martin, 1953
Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F., Vapour pressures of pyridine and its homologues, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1953, 49, 154, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9534900154 . [all data]

Meulen and Mann, 1931
Meulen, P.A. van der.; Mann, Russell F., THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF PYRIDINE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 2, 451-453, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01353a006 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Schafman and Wenthold, 2007
Schafman, B.S.; Wenthold, P.G., Regioselectivity of pyridine deprotonation in the gas phase, J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 5, 1645-1651, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo062117x . [all data]

Meot-ner and Kafafi, 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Kafafi, S.A., Carbon Acidities of Aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 19, 6297, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a003 . [all data]

Kiefer, Zhang, et al., 1997
Kiefer, J.H.; Zhang, Q.; Kern, R.D.; Yao, J.; Jursic, B., Pyrolysis of Aromatic Azines: Pyrazine, Pyrimidine, and Pyridine, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 38, 7061, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970211z . [all data]

DePuy, Kass, et al., 1988
DePuy, C.H.; Kass, S.R.; Bean, G.P., Formation and Reactions of Heteroaromatic Anions in the Gas Phase, J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 19, 4427, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00254a001 . [all data]

Bruins, Ferrer-Correia, et al., 1978
Bruins, A.P.; Ferrer-Correia, A.J.; Harrison, A.G.; Jennings, K.R.; Mithcum, R.K., Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of some aromatic compounds using O-. as the reagent ion, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1978, 7, 355. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Intermolecular Forces in Organic Clusters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 9, 3312, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a024 . [all data]

Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983
Meot-Ner M.; Sieck, L.W., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond. 1. Sterically Hindered Bonds. Solvation and Clustering of Sterically Hindered Amines and Pyridines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 10, 2956, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00348a005 . [all data]

Holland and Castleman, 1982
Holland, P.M.; Castleman, A.W., The Thermochemical Properties of Gas - Phase Transition Metal Ion Complexes, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 76, 8, 4195, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.443497 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1979
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion Thermochemistry of Low Volatility Compounds in the Gas Phase. II. Intrinsic Basicities and Hydrogen Bonded Dimers of Nitrogen Heterocyclics and Nucleic Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 9, 2396, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00503a027 . [all data]

Hales and Herington, 1957
Hales, J.L.; Herington, E.F.G., Equilibrium between pyridine and piperidine, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 616-622. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Burrows and King, 1935
Burrows, G.H.; King, L.A., Jr., The free energy change that accompanies hydrogenation of pyridine to piperidine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 1789-1791. [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Determination of the Stabilities and Structures of X-(C6H6) Clusters (X = Cl, Br, and I), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 147, 2-3, 174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)85078-4 . [all data]

Amunugama and Rodgers, 2000
Amunugama, R.; Rodgers, M.T., Absolute Alkali Metal Ion Binding Affinities of Several Azines Determined by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation and Ab Initio Theory, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 195/196, 439, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00145-1 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Binding Energies and Stabilities of Potassium Ion Complexes from Studies of Gas Phase Ion Equilibria K+ + M = K+.M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6133, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a011 . [all data]

Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002
Le Barbu, K.; Schiedt, J.; Weinkauf, R.; Schlag, E.W.; Nilles, J.M.; Xu, S.J.; Thomas, O.C.; Bowen, K.H., Microsolvation of small anions by aromatic molecules: An exploratory study, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 22, 9663-9671, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1475750 . [all data]

Shaofeng and Pilcher, 1988
Shaofeng, L.; Pilcher, G., Enthalpy of formation of pyridine-N-oxide: the dissociation enthalpy of the (N-O) bond, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 463-465. [all data]

Rodgers, Stanley, et al., 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Stanley, J.R.; Amunugama, R., Periodic Trends in the Binding of Metal Ions to Pyridine Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation and Density Functional Theory, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 44, 10969, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0027923 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Wind, Papp, et al., 2005
Wind, J.J.; Papp, L.; Happel, M.; Hahn, K.; Andriole, E.J.; Poutsma, J.C., Proton Affinity of beta-Oxalylaminoalanine (BOAA): Incorporation of Direct Entropy Correction into the Single-Reference Kinetic Method, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 16, 1151. [all data]

Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984
Arimura, M.; Yoshikawa, Y., Ionization efficiency and ionization energy of cyclic compounds by electron impact, Mass Spectrosc. (Tokyo), 1984, 32, 375. [all data]

Lifshitz, 1982
Lifshitz, C., Time-dependent mass spectra and breakdown graphs. 2. The kinetic shift in pyridine, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 606. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1978
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some pyridines, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1978, 451, 3482. [all data]

Eland, Berkowitz, et al., 1978
Eland, J.H.D.; Berkowitz, J.; Schulte, H.; Frey, R., Rates of unimolecular pyridine ion decay and the heat of formation of C₄H₄⁺, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 28, 297. [all data]

Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976
Zaretskii, Z.V.I.; Oren, D.; Kelner, L., Automatic method for the measurement of the electron impact ionization and appearance potentials, Appl. Spectrosc., 1976, 30, 366. [all data]

Van Veen and Plantenga, 1975
Van Veen, E.H.; Plantenga, F.L., Threshold electron-impact excitation spectrum of pyridine, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 30, 28. [all data]

Stefanovic and Grutzmacher, 1974
Stefanovic, D.; Grutzmacher, H.F., The ionisation potential of some substituted pyridines, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 9, 1052. [all data]

King, Murrell, et al., 1972
King, G.H.; Murrell, J.N.; Suffolk, R.J., The vacuum-ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of fluoropyridines, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1972, 564. [all data]

Johnstone and Mellon, 1972
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Electron-impact ionization and appearance potentials, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1209. [all data]

Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971
Distefano, G.; Foffani, A.; Innorta, G.; Pignataro, S., Mass spectrometric study of transition metal complexes with ligands having nitrogen or sulphur as donor atom, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 696. [all data]

Distefano, Foffani, et al., 1971, 2
Distefano, G.; Foffani, A.; Innorta, G.; Pignataro, S., Electron impact ionization potentials of some manganese, chromium and tungsten organometallic derivatives, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 383. [all data]

Potapov and Sorokin, 1970
Potapov, V.K.; Sorokin, V.V., Investigation of ionic molecular reactions proceeding during photoionization of aromatic compounds and alcohols, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1970, 195, 616, In original 848. [all data]

Goffart, Momigny, et al., 1969
Goffart, C.; Momigny, J.; Natalis, P., Photoionization studies by total ionization measurements and photoelectron spectra. II.Pyridine, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. lon Phys., 1969, 3, 371. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. II.The ionization potentials of azabenzenes and azanaphthalenes, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 263. [all data]

Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1964
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., Excited states of positive ions and dissociative photoionization of aromatic amines, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1964, 158, 1386, In original 965. [all data]

Terenin, 1961
Terenin, A., Charge transfer in organic solids, induced by light, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1961, 321. [all data]

El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961
El-Sayed, M.F.A.; Kaaba, M.; Tanaka, Y., Ionization potentials of benzene, hexadeuterobenzene, and pyridine from their observed Rydberg series in the region 600-2000 A, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 334. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938
Hustrulid, A.; Kusch, P.; Tate, J.T., The dissociation of benzene (C₆H₆), pyridine (C₅H₅N) and cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) by electron impact, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 1037. [all data]

Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978
Klasinc, L.; Novak, I.; Scholz, M.; Kluge, G., Photoelektronenspektren substituierter Pyridine und Benzole und ihre Interpretation durch die CNDO/SWW-Methode, Croat. Chem. Acta, 1978, 51, 43. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of aminopyridines and cyanopyridines, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 4, 207. [all data]

Batich, Heilbronner, et al., 1973
Batich, C.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V.; Ashe, A.J.; Clark, D.T.; Cobley, U.T.; Kilcast, D.; Scanlan, I., Photoelectron spectra of phosphabenzen, arsabenzene, and stibabenzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 928. [all data]

Heilbronner, Hornung, et al., 1972
Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V.; Pinkerton, F.H.; Thames, S.F., 31. Photoelectron spectra of azabenzenes and azanaphthalenes: III. The orbital sequence in methyl- and trimethylsilyl- substituted pyridines, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1972, 55, 289. [all data]

Gleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970
Gleiter, R.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V., Lone pair interaction in pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 901. [all data]

Momigny, Urbain, et al., 1965
Momigny, J.; Urbain, J.; Wankenne, H., Les effets de l'impact electronique sur la pyridine et les diazines isomeres, Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, 1965, 34, 337. [all data]

Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984
Lifshitz, C.; Malinovich, Y., Time resolved photoionization mass spectrometry in the millisecond range, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 60, 99. [all data]

Burgers and Holmes, 1984
Burgers, P.C.; Holmes, J.L., Fragmentation rate constants and appearance energies for reactions having a large kinetic shift and the energy partitioning in their metastable decomposition, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 15. [all data]

Rosenstock, Stockbauer, et al., 1981
Rosenstock, H.M.; Stockbauer, R.; Parr, A.C., Unimolecular kinetis of pyridine ion fragmentation, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1981, 38, 323. [all data]

Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977
Rosenstock, H.M.; McCulloh, K.E.; Lossing, F.P., On the mechanisms of C₆H₆ ionization fragmentation, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1977, 25, 327. [all data]

Beynon, Hopkinson, et al., 1969
Beynon, J.H.; Hopkinson, J.A.; Lester, G.R., Mass spectrometry-the appearance potentials of "meta-stable peaks" in some aromatic nitro compounds - a chemical reaction in the mass spectrometer, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 291. [all data]

Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004
Arutyunov, Y.I.; Kudryashov, S.Y.; Onuchak, L.A., Analysis of Mixtures Containing Unknown Components by Gas Chromatography: Determination of Molecular Mass, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 2004, 59, 4, 358-365. [all data]

Kurbatova, Finkelstein, et al., 2004
Kurbatova, S.V.; Finkelstein, E.E.; Kolosova, E.A.; Kartashev, A.V.; Rashkin, S.V., Structural analogy method in studies of adamantanes, J. Struct. Chem., 2004, 45, 1, 144-150, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JORY.0000041513.82837.4e . [all data]

Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0 . [all data]

Garay, 2000
Garay, F., Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures, Chromatographia Sup., 2000, 51, 1, s108-s120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492792 . [all data]

Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.E.; Krikunova, N.I., The influence of alkyl substituents on the chromatographic indicator of self-association of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 321-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494681 . [all data]

Zhuravleva, 2000
Zhuravleva, I.L., Evaluation of the polarity and boiling points of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by gas chromatography, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494682 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1999
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gardella, L., Influence of temperature on the polarity of porous polymer beads stationary phases for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 837, 1-2, 153-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00058-8 . [all data]

Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 1999
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.E.; Zhuravleva, I.L., Gas chromatographic indicator of the ability of five- and six-membered heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds for self-association in pure liquids, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, 48, 4, 726-729, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02496256 . [all data]

Terenina, Zhuravieva, et al., 1997
Terenina, M.B.; Zhuravieva, I.L.; Golovnya, R.V., Peculiar features of sorption of positional isomers of formyl-, acetyl-, and aminopyridines in capillary gas-liquid chromatography, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 46, 1, 86-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02495353 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Moretti, P., The selectivity and polarity of carbon layer open tubular capillary columns modified with a polar liquid phase, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 1, 31-36, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240170108 . [all data]

Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994
Gawdzik, B.; Matynia, T., Characterization of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether - divinylbenzene porous copolymers for GC, Chromatographia, 1994, 38, 9/10, 643-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277169 . [all data]

Kowalski, 1992
Kowalski, W.J., Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 5-8, 266-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S . [all data]

Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894 . [all data]

Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J., Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X . [all data]

Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988
Samusenko, A.L.; Golovnya, R.V., Prediction of the retention indices of methyl pyridines and pyrazines in capillary gas chromatography based on the non-linear additivity of the sorption energy, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 6, 531-535, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324828 . [all data]

Betts, 1986
Betts, T.J., Triangular Characterization of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 354, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87005-9 . [all data]

Morishita, Morimoto, et al., 1986
Morishita, F.; Morimoto, S.; Kojima, T., Prediction of molecular structures of aza-arenes by retention indices and fluorescence spectra, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 11, 688-692, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240091120 . [all data]

Samusenko, Svetlova, et al., 1986
Samusenko, A.L.; Svetlova, N.I.; Golovnya, R.V., Reproducible and durable glass capillary columns with hydrogenated apiezon-l and OV-101 for the analysis of polar substances, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1986, 61, 1, 127-133. [all data]

Osmialowski, Halkiewicz, et al., 1985
Osmialowski, K.; Halkiewicz, J.; Radecki, A.; Kaliszan, R., Quantum chemical parameters in correlation analysis of gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of amines, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 346, 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90493-X . [all data]

Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984
Stolyarov, B.V.; Kartsova, L.A., Comparative experimental estimation of polarity and selectivity of stationary phases in gas chromatography by means of Forschneider-McReynolds constants and on the basis of thermodynamic characteristics, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1984, 39, 5, 883-889. [all data]

Valko, Papp, et al., 1984
Valko, K.; Papp, O.; Darvas, F., Selection of Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phase Pairs for Characterization of the 1-Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 301, 355-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89210-4 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1983
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Classification of the Polarity of porous polymer bead stationary phases by comparison with squalane and apolane standard liquid phases, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 269, 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90798-8 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979
Gröbler, A.; Bálizs, G., Investigations on mixed gas chromatographic stationary phases. Part I. Dependence of the retention index on the composition of the stationary phase, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1979, 17, 11, 631-635, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/17.11.631 . [all data]

Golovnya and Misharina, 1977
Golovnya, R.V.; Misharina, T.A., Characterization of the selectivity of stationary phases from the partial molar free energies of solution of standards, Chromatographia, 1977, 10, 11, 658-660, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268893 . [all data]

Shatts, Avots, et al., 1977
Shatts, V.D.; Avots, A.A.; Belikov, V.A., Retention indices of alkylpyridines, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1977, 32, 4, 631-638. [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C₈₇ hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Zhuravleva, Kapustin, et al., 1976
Zhuravleva, I.L.; Kapustin, Yu.P.; Golovnya, P.B., Retention indices of some isoaliphatic and heterocyclic nitrogenous bases, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1976, 31, 1378-1380. [all data]

Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

Bark and Wheatstone, 1974
Bark, L.S.; Wheatstone, K.C., Studies in the relationship between molecular structure and chromatographic behaviour. Gas chromatographic study of monoalkylpyridines, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 92, 2, 281-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85738-6 . [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Reymond, Mueggler-Chavan, et al., 1966
Reymond, D.; Mueggler-Chavan, F.; Viani, R.; Vuataz, L.; Egli, R.H., Gas chromatographic analysis of steam volatile aroma constituents: application to coffee, tea and cocoa aromas, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 28-31, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.28 . [all data]

Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965
Viani, R.; Müggler-Chavan, F.; Reymond, D.; Egli, R.H., 196. Sur la composition de l'arôme de café, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 195-196, 1809-1815, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19650480743 . [all data]

Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996
Takeoka, G.; Perrino, C., Jr.; Buttery, R., Volatile constituents of used frying oils, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 3, 654-660, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950430m . [all data]

Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981
Shibamoto, T.; Kamiya, Y.; Mihara, S., Isolation and identification of volatile compounds in cooked meat: sukiyaki, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 1, 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00103a015 . [all data]

Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1979
Yamaguchi, K.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of Castanopsis flower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1979, 27, 4, 847-850, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60224a025 . [all data]

SGE, 2005
SGE, Guide to GC column selection, 2005, retrieved from http://www.sge.com/htm/support/product_selection/prod_sel_gc.asp. [all data]

Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988
Castello, G.; Timossi, A.; Gerbino, T.C., Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Non-Polar and Polar Wide Bore Capillary Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 454, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88608-2 . [all data]

Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974
Moffat, A.C.; Stead, A.H.; Smalldon, K.W., Optimum use of paper, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography for the identification of basic drugs. III. Gas-liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 90, 1, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94770-3 . [all data]

Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Dmitriev, L.B., Predicting retention indices of methyl-substituted pyridines in gas capillary chromatogrpahy on the basis of the principle of the nonadditive change in the energy of sorption, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1987, 10, 2234-2239. [all data]

Kersten and Poole, 1987
Kersten, B.R.; Poole, C.F., Influence of concurrent retention mechanisms on the determination of stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 399, 1-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96108-9 . [all data]

Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990
Shimoda, M.; Shibamoto, T., Isolation and identification of headspace volatiles from brewed coffee with an on-column GC/MS method, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 3, 802-804, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a045 . [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

MacLeod and Pieris, 1983
MacLeod, A.J.; Pieris, N.M., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with particular reference to glucosinolate products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 5, 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00119a021 . [all data]

Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001
Slizhov, Yu.G.; Gavrilenko, M.A., Effect of thermal treatment of poly(ethylene glycol) modified with europium acetylacetonate on its chromatographic properties, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 75, 6, 1012-1013. [all data]

Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007
Methven L.; Tsoukka M.; Oruna-Concha M.J.; Parker J.K.; Mottram D.S., Influence of sulfur amino acids on the volatile and nonvolatile components of cooked salmon (Salmo salar), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625611 . [all data]

Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005
Estevez, M.; Ventanas, S.; Ramirez, R.; Cava, R., Influence of the Addition of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Volatiles Pattern of Porcine Frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 21, 8317-8324, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051025q . [all data]

Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R., Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2213-2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633 . [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

Pino, Almora, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Almora, K.; Marbot, R., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L., maradol variety) fruit, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 492-496, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1248 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of fruits of Garcinia dulcis Kurz. from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1187 . [all data]

Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B., Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A., Volatile constituents of star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 401-403, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1116 . [all data]

Ames, Guy, et al., 2001
Ames, J.M.; Guy, R.C.E.; Kipping, G.J., Effect of pH and temperature on the formation of volatile compounds in cysteine/reducing sugar/starch mixtures during extrusion cooking, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4, 1885-1894, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012547 . [all data]

Kim, 2001
Kim, J.S., Einfluss der Temperatur beim Rösten von Sesam auf Aroma und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Öls, PhD Thesis, Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades, Berlin, 2001, 151. [all data]

Oruna-Concha, Duckham, et al., 2001
Oruna-Concha, M.J.; Duckham, S.C.; Ames, J.M., Comparison of volatile compounds isolated from the skin and flesh of four potato cultivars after baking, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5, 2414-2421, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0012345 . [all data]

Bartelt, 1997
Bartelt, R.J., Calibration of a commercial solid-phase microextraction device for measuring headspace concentrations of organic volatiles, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 364-372, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960820n . [all data]

Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P., Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds, Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946 . [all data]

Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C., Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels, Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H . [all data]

Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Lyapin, V.A., Prediction of linear temperature programmed retention indices of methylpyridines in capillary gas chromatography, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 63, 2, 311-317. [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Premecz and Ford, 1987
Premecz, J.E.; Ford, M.E., Gas chromatographic separation of substituted pyridines, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 388, 23-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94463-2 . [all data]

Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976
Schreyen, L.; Dirinck, P.; van Wassenhove, F.; Schamp, N., Volatile flavor components of leek, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1976, 24, 2, 336-341, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60204a056 . [all data]

Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001
Duckham, S.C.; Dodson, A.T.; Bakker, J.; Ames, J.M., Volatile flavour components of baked potato flesh. A comparison of eleven potato cultivars, Nahrung/Food, 2001, 45, 5, 317-323, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20011001)45:5<317::AID-FOOD317>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D., The effects of diet and breed on the volatile compounds of cooked lamb, Meat Sci., 2000, 55, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00137-0 . [all data]

Lopez-Galilea I., Fournier N., et al., 2006
Lopez-Galilea I.; Fournier N.; Cid C.; Guichard E., Changes in headspace volatile concentrations of coffee brews caused by the roasting process and the brewing procedure, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 22, 8560-8566, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061178t . [all data]

Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L., Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x . [all data]

Cros S., Lignot B., et al., 2005
Cros S.; Lignot B.; Bourseau P.; Jaouen P., Reverse osmosis for the production of aromatic concentrates from mussel cooking juices: a technical assessment, Desalination, 2005, 180, 1-3, 263-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.01.008 . [all data]

Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005
Cros, S.; Lignot, B.; Bourseau, P.; Jaouen, P.; Prost, C., Desalination of mussel cooking juices by electrodialysis: effect on the aroma profile, J. Food Eng., 2005, 69, 4, 425-436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.036 . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., Processing of industrial mussel cooking juices by reverse osmosis: pollution abatement and aromas recovery, 2003, retrieved from http://www.membrane.unsw.edu.au/imstec03/content/papers/DAI/imstec064.pdf. [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

Chung, 2000
Chung, H.Y., Volatile flavor components in red fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 5, 1803-1809, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991272s . [all data]

Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
Le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Characterization of odorant compounds of mussels (Mytilus edulis) according to their origin using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 896, 1-2, 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00729-9 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Chung, 1999, 2
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2690-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981166a . [all data]

Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1994
Chung, T.Y.; Eiserich, J.P.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile compounds produced from peanut oil heated with different amounts of cysteine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 8, 1743-1746, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00044a032 . [all data]

Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994
Sumitani, H.; Suekane, S.; Nakatani, A.; Tatsuka, K., Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 785-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a037 . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Baltes and Mevissen, 1988
Baltes, W.; Mevissen, L., Model reactions on roast aroma formation. VI. Volatile reaction products from the reaction of phenylalanine with glucose during cooking and roasting, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1988, 187, 3, 209-214, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01043341 . [all data]

Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988
Salter L.J.; Mottram D.S.; Whitfield, Volatile compounds produces in Maillard reactions involving glycine, ribose and phospholid, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1988, 46, 2, 227-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460211 . [all data]

Whitfield, Mottram, et al., 1988
Whitfield, F.B.; Mottram, D.S.; Brock, S.; Puckey, D.J.; Salter, L.J., Effect of Phospholipid on the Formation of Volatile Heterocyclic Compounds in Heated Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids and Ribose, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1988, 42, 3, 261-272, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740420309 . [all data]

Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 2005
Ranau, R.; Kleeberg, K.K.; Schlegelmilch, M.; Streese, J.; Stegmann, R.; Steinhart, H., Analytical determination of the suitability of different processes for the treatment of odorous waste gas, Waste Management, 2005, 25, 9, 908-916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.004 . [all data]

Ranau and Steinhart, 2005
Ranau, R.; Steinhart, H., Identification and evaluation of volatile odor-active pollutants from different odor emission sources in the food industry, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2005, 220, 2, 226-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-004-1073-4 . [all data]

Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001
Cantergiani, E.; Brevard, H.; Krebs, Y.; Feria-Morales, A.; Amadò, R.; Yeretzian, C., Characterisation of the aroma of green Mexican coffee and identification of mouldy/earthy defect, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 212, 6, 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170100305 . [all data]

Baek and Cadwallader, 1996
Baek, H.H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile compounds in flavor concentrates produced from crayfish-processing byproducts with and without protease treatment, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 10, 3262-3267, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960023q . [all data]

Sing, Smadja, et al., 1992
Sing, A.S.C.; Smadja, J.; Brevard, H.; Maignial, L.; Chaintreau, A.; Marion, J.-P., Volatile constituents of faham (Jumellea fragrans (Thou.) Schltr.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 4, 642-646, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a024 . [all data]

Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Tello, A.M.; Lebron-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-Lopez, J.E.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly93-cyanopropylmethyl)siloxane stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 10, 1630-1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.025 . [all data]

Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Lebrón-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-López, J.E.; Tello, A.M.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly (3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1160, 1-2, 276-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.025 . [all data]

Qi, Yang, et al., 2000
Qi, Y.; Yang, J.; Xu, L., correlation analysis of the structures and gas liquid chromatographic retention indices of amines, Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 2000, 28, 2, 223-227. [all data]

Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J., Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III, Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010
Lazarevic, J.; Radulovic, N.; Palic, R.; Zlatkovic, B., Chemical Analusis of volatile constituents of Berula erecta (Hudson) Coville subsp. erecta (Apiaceae) from Serbia, J. Essential Oil. Res., 2010, 22, 3, 153-156, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700290 . [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.S.; Dordevic, N.D.; Palic, R.M., Volatiles of Pleurospermum austriacum (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae), J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 2010, 75, 12, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC100323127R . [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010, 2
Radulovic, N.; Dordevic, N.; Markovic, M.; Palic, R., Volatile constituents of Glechoma Hirsuta Waldst. Kit. and G. Hederacea L. (Lamiaceae), Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 2010, 24, 1, 67-76, https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v24i1.52962 . [all data]

Harrison and Priest, 2009
Harrison, B.M.; Priest, F.G., Composition of peaks used in the preparation of malt for Scotch Whisky production - influence of geographical source and extraction depth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 6, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803556y . [all data]

Kim and Chung, 2009
Kim, J.-S.; Chung, H.Y., GC-MS analysis of the volatile components in dried boxthorn (Lycium chimensis) Fruit, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem., 2009, 52, 5, 516-524, https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2009.088 . [all data]

Li and Zhao, 2009
Li, L.; Zhao, J., Determination of the volatile composition of Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Par. (Bryaceae) using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Molecules, 2009, 14, 6, 2195-2201, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14062195 . [all data]

Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 2009
Sivadier, G.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Latency and persistence of diet volatile biomarkers in lamb fats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 2, 645-652, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802467q . [all data]

Risticevic, Carasek, et al., 2008
Risticevic, S.; Carasek, E.; Pawliszyn, J., Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-time-of-flight mass spectrometric methodology for geographical origin verification of coffee, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 617, 1-2, 72-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.009 . [all data]

Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007
Ramirez R.; Cava R., Volatile profiles of dry-cured meat products from three different Iberian x Duroc genotypes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 5, 1923-1931, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062810l . [all data]

Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006
Fadel, H.H.M.; Mageed, M.A.A.; Lotfy, S.N., Quality and flavour stability of coffee substitute prepared by extrusion of wheat germ and chicory roots, Amino Acids, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1007/s007260200008 . [all data]

Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2
Fadel, H.H.M.; Mageed, M.A.A.; Samad, A.K.M.E.A.; Lotfy, S.N., Cocoa substitute: Evaluation of sensory qualities and flavour stability, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2006, 223, 1, 125-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0162-3 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005
van Loon, W.A.M.; Linssen, J.P.H.; Legger, A.; Posthumus, M.A.; Voragen, A.G.J., Identification and olfactometry of French fries flavour extracted at mouth conditions, Food Chem., 2005, 90, 3, 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.005 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of genipap (Genipa americana L.) fruit from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 583-586, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1491 . [all data]

Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004
Ramírez, M.R.; Estévez, M.; Morcuende, D.; Cava, R., Effect of the type of frying culinary fat on volatile compounds isolated in fried pork loin chops by using SPME-GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 25, 7637-7643, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049207s . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Fuentes, V., Characterization of volatiles in Bullock's heart (Annona reticulata L.) fruit cultivars from Cuba, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 13, 3836-3839, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020733y . [all data]

Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2003
Valette, L.; Fernandez, X.; Poulain, S.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Levieil, R.; Restier, L., Volatile constituents from Romanesco cauliflower, Food Chem., 2003, 80, 3, 353-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00272-8 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2002, 33, 3, 115-119. [all data]

Poligné, Collignan, et al., 2001
Poligné, I.; Collignan, A.; Trystram, G., Characterization of traditional processing of pork meat into boucané, Meat Sci., 2001, 59, 4, 377-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00090-0 . [all data]

Chen and Ho, 1998
Chen, J.; Ho, C.-T., Volatile compounds formed from thermal degradation of glucosamine in a dry system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 5, 1971-1974, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971021o . [all data]

Chen, Wang, et al., 1998
Chen, J.; Wang, M.; Ho, C.-T., Volatile compounds generated from thermal degradation of N-acetylglucosamine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 8, 3207-3209, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980129g . [all data]

Tai and Ho, 1998
Tai, C.-Y.; Ho, C.-T., Influence of glutathione oxidation and pH on thermal formation of Maillard-type volatile compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 6, 2260-2265, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971111t . [all data]

Lu, Yu, et al., 1997
Lu, G.; Yu, T.-H.; Ho, C.-T., Generation of flavor compounds by the reaction of 2-deoxyglucose with selected amino acids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 1, 233-236, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960609c . [all data]

Buttery, Stern, et al., 1994
Buttery, R.G.; Stern, D.J.; Ling, L.C., Studies on flavor volatiles of some sweet corn products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 791-795, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a038 . [all data]

Egolf and Jurs, 1993
Egolf, L.M.; Jurs, P.C., Quantitative structure-retention and structure-odor intensity relationships for a diverse group of odor-active compounds, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 21, 3119-3126, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00069a027 . [all data]

Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993
Moio, L.; Dekimpe, J.; Etievant, P.; Addeo, F., Neutral volatile compounds in the raw milks from different species, J. Dairy Res., 1993, 60, 2, 199-213, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027515 . [all data]

Ishihara, Tsuneya, et al., 1992
Ishihara, M.; Tsuneya, T.; Shiga, M.; Kawashima, S.; Yamagishi, K.; Yoshida, F.; Sato, H.; Uneyama, K., New pyridine derivatives and basic components in spearmint oil (Mentha gentilis f. cardiaca) and peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 9, 1647-1655, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a034 . [all data]

Macku and Shibamoto, 1991
Macku, C.; Shibamoto, T., Headspace volatile compounds formed from heated corn oil and corn oil with glycine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1265-1269, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a014 . [all data]

Macku and Shibamoto, 1991, 2
Macku, C.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile sulfur-containing compounds generated from the thermal interaction of corn oil and cysteine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 11, 1987-1989, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00011a021 . [all data]

Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Charnomskii, V.V., Volatile components of boiled shrimp funchalia woodwardi and crab geryon maritae, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1991, 46, 1421-1429. [all data]

Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990
Spadone, J.-C.; Takeoka, G.; Liardon, R., Analytical Investigation of Rio Off-Flavor in Green Coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1, 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a050 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy identification of volatiles from rancid oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 1093-1095, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a051 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981, 2
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 950-954, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a016 . [all data]

Rodrigues, Hanson, et al., 2012
Rodrigues, C.I.I.; Hanson, C.M.; Nogueira, J.M.F., Coffees and industrial blends aroma profile discrimination according to the chromatic value, Coffee Sci, Lavras, 2012, 7, 2, 167-176. [all data]

Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009
Mebazaa, R.; Mahmoudi, A.; Fouchet, M.; Dos Santos, M.; Kamissoko, F.; Nafti, A.; Ben Cheikh, R.; Rega, B.; Camel, V., Characterization of volatile compounds in Tunisian fenugreek seeds, Food Chem., 2009, 115, 4, 1326-1336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.066 . [all data]

Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009
Pugliese, C.; Sirtori, F.; Ruiz, J.; Martin, D.; Parenti, S.; Franci, O., Effect of pasture on chestnut or acorn on fatty acid composition and aromatic profile of fat of China Senece dry-cured ham, Gracas y Aceites, 2009, 60, 3, 271-276, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.130208 . [all data]

Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007
Barra, A.; Baldovini, N.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Albino, L.; Lesecq, C.; Cuvelier, L.L., Chemical analysis of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE), Food Chem., 2007, 101, 3, 1279-1284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.027 . [all data]

Splivallo, Bossi, et al., 2007
Splivallo, R.; Bossi, S.; Maffei, M.; Bonfante, P., Discrimination of truffle fruiting body versus mycelial aromas by stir bar sorptive extraction, Phytochemistry, 2007, 68, 20, 2584-2598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.030 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 98-100. [all data]

Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasaran, I.; Martin, D.; Ruiz, J., Comparison of simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of volatile compounds in dry-cured ham, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2004, 84, 11, 1364-1370, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1826 . [all data]

Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2
Garcia-Estaban, M.; Ansorena, D.; Astiasarán, I.; Ruiz, J., Study of the effect of different fiber coatings and extraction conditions on dry cured ham volatile compounds extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), Talanta, 2004, 64, 2, 458-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.03.007 . [all data]

Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003
Begnaud, F.; Pérès, C.; Berdagué, J.-L., Characterization of volatile effluents of livestock buildings by solid-phase microextraction, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2003, 83, 10, 837-849, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310310001603349 . [all data]

Counet, Callemien, et al., 2002
Counet, C.; Callemien, D.; Ouwerx, C.; Collin, S., Use of gas chromatography-olfactometry to identify key odorant compounds in dark chocolate. Comparison of samples before and after conching, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 8, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114177 . [all data]

Finkelstein, Kurbatova, et al., 2002
Finkelstein, E.E.; Kurbatova, S.V.; Kolosova, E.A., Study of biological activity of structure analogies of adamantane, Proc. Samara State Univ., 2002, 26, 4, 121-128. [all data]

Guyot-Declerck, Renson, et al., 2002
Guyot-Declerck, C.; Renson, S.; Bouseta, A.; Collin, S., Floral quality and discrimination of Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula angustifolia, and Lavandula angustifolia × latifolia honeys, Food Chem., 2002, 79, 4, 453-459, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00216-9 . [all data]

Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002
Poligne, I.; Collignan, A.; Trystram, G., Effects of salting, drying, cooking, and smoking operations on volatile compound formation and collor patterns in pork, Food Eng. Physical Properties, 2002, 67, 8, 2976-2986. [all data]

Luo and Agnew, 2001
Luo, J.; Agnew, M.P., Gas characteristics before and after biofiltration treating odorous emissions from animal rendering processes, Environ. Technol., 2001, 22, 9, 1091-1103, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618220 . [all data]

Li, Gao, et al., 2000
Li, R.; Gao, S.-G.; Xiang, B.-R., Using improved BP neural network in predicting GC retention indices, Computers appl. chem. (Chinese), 2000, 17, 1-2, 113-114. [all data]

Guyot, Bouseta, et al., 1998
Guyot, C.; Bouseta, A.; Scheirman, V.; Collin, S., Floral origin markers of chestnut and lime tree honeys, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 625-633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970510l . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997
Mateo, J.; Aguirrezábal, M.; Domínguez, C.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in Spanish paprika, J. Food Comp. Anal., 1997, 10, 3, 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1997.0535 . [all data]

Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996
Mateo, J.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in chorizo and their changes during ripening, Meat Sci., 1996, 44, 4, 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00028-9 . [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Kawai, Ishida, et al., 1991
Kawai, T.; Ishida, Y.; Kakiuchi, H.; Ikeda, N.; Higashida, T.; Nakamura, S., Flavor components of dried squid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 4, 770-777, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a031 . [all data]

Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

MacLeod and Snyder, 1988
MacLeod, A.J.; Snyder, C.H., Volatile components of mango preserved by deep freezing, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 1, 137-139, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00079a035 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Puvipirom and Chaisei, 2012
Puvipirom, J.; Chaisei, S., Contribution of roasted grains and seeds in aroma of oleang (Thai coffee drink), Int. Food Res. J., 2012, 19, 2, 583-588. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation) (1) - GC, 2012, retrieved from www.shimadzu.ru/applications/Applications_pdf/GC/Pharma/Pharmaceutical residual solvents GC.pdf. [all data]

Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 2011
Budryn, G.; Nebesny, E.; Kula, J.; Majda, T.; Krysiak, W., HS-SPME/GC/MS Profiles of convectively and microwave roasted Ivory Coast Robusta coffee brews, Czech. J. Food Sci., 2011, 29, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Moon and Shibamoto, 2010
Moon, J.-K.; Shibamoto, T., Formation of volatile chemicals from thermal degradation of less volatile cofee components: quinic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 9, 5465-5470, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1005148 . [all data]

Moon and Shibamoto, 2009
Moon, J.-K.; Shibamoto, T., Role of roasting conditions in the profile of volatile flavor chemicals formed from coffee beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 13, 5823-5831, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901136e . [all data]

Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009
Rochat, S.; Egger, J.; Chaintreau, A., Strategy for the identification of key odorants: application to shrimp aroma, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 36, 6424-6432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.014 . [all data]

Marin, Pozrl, et al., 2008
Marin, K.; Pozrl, T.; Zlatic, E.; Plestenjak, A., A new aroma index to determine the aroma quality of roasted and ground coffee during storage, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 2008, 46, 4, 442-447. [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., Processing of Industrial Mussel Cooking Juices by Reverse Osmotis: Pollution Abatement and Aromas Recovery, 2007, retrieved from title of Internet file: [imstec064]. [all data]

Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007
Nebesny, E.; Budryn, G.; Kula, J.; Majda, T., The effect of roasting method on headspace composition of robusta coffee bean aroma, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2007, 225, 1, 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0375-0 . [all data]

Fujioka and Shibamoto, 2006
Fujioka, K.; Shibamoto, T., Quantitation of volatiles and nonvolatile acids in an extract from coffee beverages: correlation with antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 16, 6054-6058, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060460x . [all data]

Ishizaki, Tachihara, et al., 2005
Ishizaki, S.; Tachihara, T.; Tamura, H.; Yanai, T.; Kitahara, T., Evaluation of odour-active compounds in roasted shrimp (Sergia lucens Hansen) by aroma extract dilution analysis, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 6, 562-566, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1484 . [all data]

Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004
Ishikawa, M.; Ito, O.; Ishizaki, S.; Kurobayashi, Y.; Fujita, A., Solid-phase aroma concentrate extraction (SPACE ): a new headspace technique for more sensitive analysis of volatiles, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 3, 183-187, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1322 . [all data]

Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004
Soria, A.C.; Gonzalez, M.; de Lorenzo, C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanza, J., Characterization of artisanal honeys from Madrid (Central Spain) on the basis of their melissopalynological, physicochemical and volatile composition data, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 1, 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.012 . [all data]

Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004
Yanagimoto, K.; Ochi, H.; Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidative activities of fractions obtained from brewed coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 3, 592-596, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030317t . [all data]

Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2
Cros, S.; Vandanjon, L.; Jaouen, P.; Bourseau, P., IMSTEC'03 Conference Proceedings, Processing of industrial mussel cooking juices by reverse osmosis: pollution abatement and aromas recovery, Universoty of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2003, 6. [all data]

Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]

Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003
Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, T.; Katsumata, R.; Kiuchi, K., Comparison of volatile components in commercial Itohiki-Natto by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50, 6, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.278 . [all data]

Fukami, Ishiyama, et al., 2002
Fukami, K.; Ishiyama, S.; Yaguramaki, H.; Masuzawa, T.; Nabeta, Y.; Endo, K.; Shimoda, M., Identification of distinctive volatile compounds in fish sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5412-5416, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020405y . [all data]

Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002
Sanz, C.; Maeztu, L.; Zapelena, M.J.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Profiles of volatile compounds and sensory analysis of three blends of coffee: influence of different proportions of Arabica and Robusta and influence of roasting coffee with sugar, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2002, 82, 8, 840-847, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1110 . [all data]

Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001
Maeztu, L.; Sanz, C.; Andueza, S.; de Peña, M.P.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Characterization of espresso coffee aroma by static headspace GC-MS and sensory flavor profile, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 11, 5437-5444, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0107959 . [all data]

Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001
Sanz, C.; Ansorena, D.; Bello, J.; Cid, C., Optimizing headspace temperature and time sampling for identification of volatile compounds in ground roasted Arabica coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1364-1369, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001100r . [all data]

Lee and Shibamoto, 2000
Lee, K.-G.; Shibamoto, T., Antioxidant properties of aroma compounds isolated from soybeans and mung beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 9, 4290-4293, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000442u . [all data]

Xue, Ye, et al., 2000
Xue, C.; Ye, M.; Li, Z.; Cai, Y.; Tan, L.; Lin, H.; Sakaguchi, M., Changes in the volatile compounds of Yellowtail (Seriola aureovitata) during refrigerated storage, Asian Fisheries Sciences, 2000, 13, 263-270. [all data]

Buttery, Orts, et al., 1999
Buttery, R.G.; Orts, W.J.; Takeoka, G.R.; Nam, Y., Volatile flavor components of rice cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 10, 4353-4356, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990140w . [all data]

Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999
Iwatsuki, K.; Mizota, Y.; Kubota, T.; Nishimura, O.; Masuda, H.; Sotoyama, K.; Tomita, M., Aroma extract dilution analysis. Evluation of aroma of pasteurized and UHT processed milk by aroma extract dilution analysis, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 1999, 46, 9, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.46.587 . [all data]

Buttery and Ling, 1998
Buttery, R.G.; Ling, L.C., Additional studies on flavor components of corn tortilla chips, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 7, 2764-2769, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980125b . [all data]

Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998
Horiuchi, M.; Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of volatile compounds formed from fish oil heated with cysteine and trimethylamine oxide, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5232-5237, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980482m . [all data]

Kubec, Drhová, et al., 1998
Kubec, R.; Drhová, V.; Velísek, J., Thermal degradation of S-methylcysteine and its sulfoxide-important flavor precursors of Bassica and Allium vegetables, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 10, 4334-4340, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980379x . [all data]

Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997
Sekiwa, Y.; Kubota, K.; Kobayashi, A., Characteristic flavor components in the brew of cooked clam (Meretrix lusoria) and the effect of storage on flavor formation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 826-830, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960433e . [all data]

Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996
Kubota, K.; Matsujage, Y.; Sekiwa, Y.; Kobayashi, A., Identification of the characteristic volatile flavor compounds formed by cooking squid (Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup), Food Sci. Technol., 1996, 2, 3, 163-166. [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shyoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals formed in the headspace of a heated D-glucose/L-cysteine Maillard model system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 8, 2212-2218, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00056a046 . [all data]

Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992
Hatsuko, S.; Kazuko, H.; Masayoshi, K.; Yoshiaki, I., Improvement of quality of likorine extract by heat treatment, J. Food Sci. Technol., 1992, 39, 11, 976-983, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.39.976 . [all data]

Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991
Kubota, K.; Nakamoto, A.; Moriguchi, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Ishii, H., Formation of pyrrolidino[1,2-e]-4H-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazine in the volatiles of boiled short-necked clam, clam, and corbicula, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 6, 1127-1130, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a027 . [all data]

Liardon and Ledermann, 1980
Liardon, R.; Ledermann, S., volatile components of fermented soya hydrolysate. II. Composition of basic fraction, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1980, 170, 3, 208-213, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042542 . [all data]

Gyawali and Kim, 2012
Gyawali, R.; Kim, K.-S., Bioactive volatile compounds of three medicinal plants from Nepal, Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci., Engineering and Technol., 2012, 8, 1, 51-62. [all data]

Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007
Gonzalez-Rios, O.; Suarez-Quiroz, M.L.; Boulanger, R.; Barel, M.; Guyot, B.; Guiraud, J.-P.; Schorr-Galindo, S., Impact of ecological post-harvest processing of coffee aroma: II Roasted coffee., J. Food Composition Analysis, 2007, 20, 3-4, 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.12.004 . [all data]

Viegas and Bassoli, 2007
Viegas, M.C.; Bassoli, D.G., Utilizacao do indice de retencao linear para caracterizacao de compostos volateis em cafe soluvel utilizando GC-MS e coluna HP-Innowax, Quim. Nova, 2007, 30, 8, 2031-2034, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000800040 . [all data]

Kraft and Switt, 2005
Kraft, P.; Switt, K.A.D. (Eds), Perspectives in Flavor and Fragrance Research, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2005, 251. [all data]

Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004
Kim. J.H.; Ahn, H.J.; Yook, H.S.; Kim, K.S.; Rhee, M.S.; Ryu, G.H.; Byun, M.W., Color, flavor, and sensory characteristics of gamma-irradiated salted and fermented anchovy sauce, Radiation Phys. Chem., 2004, 69, 2, 179-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00400-6 . [all data]

Tachihara, Ishizaki, et al., 2004
Tachihara, T.; Ishizaki, S.; Ishikawa, M.; Kitahara, T., Studies on the volatile compounds of roasted spotted shrimp, Chemistry Biodiversity, 2004, 1, 12, 2024-2033, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490155 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Baltes and Bochmann, 1987
Baltes, W.; Bochmann, G., Model reactions on roast aroma formations, V. Mass spectrometric identification of pyrifines, oxazoles, and carbocyclic compounds from the reaction of serine and threonine with sucrose under the conditions of coffee roasting, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1987, 185, 1, 5-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01083331 . [all data]

MacLeod and Pieris, 1981
MacLeod, A.J.; Pieris, N.M., Volatile flavor components of beli fruit (Aegle marmelos) and a processed product, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 6, 1262-1264, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a040 . [all data]

Wang, Hou, et al., 2007
Wang, G.; Hou, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, S., Investigation of pyrolysis behavior of fenoxycarb using PY-GC-MS assisted with chemometric methods, Chem. Anal., 2007, 52, 141-156. [all data]

Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W., Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, NIST Free Links, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.

Pyridine

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Individual Reactions

Henry's Law data

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Proton affinity at 298K

Protonation entropy at 298K

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

Help

Credits

Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

Spectrum

Help

Credits

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

References

Notes