Naphthalene, 1,4-dimethyl-

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Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySqualane120.1410.6Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1997Column length: 50. m
CapillaryOV-1150.1418.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1150.1418.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1150.1418.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1160.1439.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB130.1442.8Schaefer and Höltkemeier, 199250. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm
CapillarySE-30130.1418.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-30150.1431.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.1425.9Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-1130.1419.Engewald, Wennrich, et al., 1979Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane130.1397.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-1011409.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-51424.2Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51436.3Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51443.2Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51424.2Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51436.3Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51443.2Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1415.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-51447.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryUltra-11399.47Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11411.24Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11419.17Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21436.73Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-1011409.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-51435.Sandercock and du Pasquier, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 208C => 25C/min => 290C(5min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-102041.Chung, 199960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101120.1426.Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996 
CapillarySqualane130.1397.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH1415.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryUltra-11420.Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 199650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB1443.Bertsch, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-11419.Dimov, Osman, et al., 1994Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1409.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySOLGel-Wax2041.Shu and Shen, 200830. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS246.51Sun, Zhou, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 16. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane243.57Skrbic and Onjia, 20062. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5MS246.55Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryHP-5246.42Piao, Chu, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-52243.02Wang, Peng, et al., 19974. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5245.70Williams and Horne, 1995He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB246.2Bundt, Herbel, et al., 199150. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5247.15Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-52246.03Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 198220. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 265. C
CapillarySE-52243.57Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5245.4Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5MS246.5Aracil, Font, et al., 2005Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryUltra-1243.6Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40-100 0C 3-15 0C/min -> 290 0C
CapillaryHP-5247.02Sandercock and du Pasquier, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 208C => 25C/min => 290C(5min)
CapillarySE-52243.98Wang, Peng, et al., 1997Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB246.0Bundt, Herbel, et al., 199150. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB246.3Bundt, Herbel, et al., 199150. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1997
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M., Sorption-structure correlations in the series of alkyl derivatives of naphthalene, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1997, 52, 1, 21-27. [all data]

Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997
Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 1997, 76, 5, 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)85518-4 . [all data]

Schaefer and Höltkemeier, 1992
Schaefer, R.G.; Höltkemeier, J., Direkte Analyse von dimethylnaphthalinen in Erdölen mittels zweidimensionaler Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1992, 260, 1, 107-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)80133-R . [all data]

Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P., Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610 . [all data]

Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 208, 1, 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87953-4 . [all data]

Engewald, Wennrich, et al., 1979
Engewald, W.; Wennrich, L.; Ritter, E., Molekülstruktur und Retentionsverhalten. XII. Zur Retention von Alkylnaphthalinen Bei der Gasverteilungs- und Gas-Adsorptions-Chromatographie, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 174, 2, 315-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86005-7 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B., Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]

Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C., Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels, Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Haynes and Pitzer, 1985
Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1985, 8, 5, 230-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080504 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]

Sandercock and du Pasquier, 2003
Sandercock, P.M.L.; du Pasquier, E., Chemical fingerprinting of unevaporated automotive gasoline samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 2003, 134, 1, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00081-1 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Nabivach, V.M.; Gerasimenko, V.A., Gas chromatographic retention characteristics of bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Coke and Chemistry (Rus), 1996, 6, 27-31. [all data]

Papazova and Pankova, 1975
Papazova, D.I.; Pankova, M.C., Identification of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene fraction (b.p. 150-250 °), J. Chromatogr., 1975, 105, 2, 411-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82276-7 . [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996
Elizalde-González, M.P.; Hutfliess, M.; Hedden, K., Retention index system, adsorption characteristics, and sructure correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuels, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190608 . [all data]

Bertsch, 1999
Bertsch, W., Two-dimensional gas chromatography. Concepts, instrumentation, and applications. Part 1: Fundamentals, conventional two-dimensional gas chromatography, selected applications, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 12, 647-665, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19991201)22:12<647::AID-JHRC647>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Dimov, Osman, et al., 1994
Dimov, N.; Osman, A.; Mekenyan, Ov.; Papazova, D., Selection of moelcular descriptors used in quantitative structure-gas chromatographic retention relationships. I. Application to alkylbenzenes and naphthalenes, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1994, 298, 3, 303-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)00280-0 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Shu and Shen, 2008
Shu, N.; Shen, H., Aroma-impact compounds in Lysimachia foenum-graecum extracts, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1908 . [all data]

Sun, Zhou, et al., 2008
Sun, P.; Zhou, Q.; Li, G.; Wang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Cao, L., fingerprint analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil by internal standard method, J. Instrumental Anal., 2008, 27, 4, 344-348. [all data]

Skrbic and Onjia, 2006
Skrbic, B.; Onjia, A., Prediction of Lee Retention Indices of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Artificial Neural Networks, J. Chromatorg. A, 2006, 1108, 2, 279-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.080 . [all data]

Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W., Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]

Piao, Chu, et al., 1999
Piao, M.; Chu, S.; Zheng, M.; Xu, X., Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene, Chemosphere, 1999, 39, 9, 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00054-5 . [all data]

Wang, Peng, et al., 1997
Wang, Y.; Peng, P.; Cui, S.; Zhang, Y., Identification of PAH in the Suzhou River bed sediments by GC/MS and PAH retention index system, J. Nanjing Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 1997, 20, 2, 47-68. [all data]

Williams and Horne, 1995
Williams, P.T.; Horne, P.A., Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil derived from biomass, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1995, 31, 15-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(94)00814-H . [all data]

Bundt, Herbel, et al., 1991
Bundt, J.; Herbel, W.; Steinhart, H.; Franke, S.; Francke, W., Structure-type separation of diesel fuels by solid phase extraction and identification of the two- and three-ring aromatics by capillary GC-mass spectrometry, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1991, 14, 2, 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240140205 . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]

Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007
Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.004 . [all data]

Aracil, Font, et al., 2005
Aracil, I.; Font, R.; Conesa, J.A., Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2005, 74, 1-2, 465-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.09.008 . [all data]

Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 2005
Sremac, S.; Skrbic, B.; Onjia, A., Artificial neural network prediction of quantitative structure-retention relationships of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas chromatography, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2005, 70, 11, 1291-1300, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0511291S . [all data]


Notes

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