Benzophenone

Formula: C₁₃H₁₀O
Molecular weight: 182.2179
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C13H10O/c14-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 119-61-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Methanone, diphenyl-; α-Oxodiphenylmethane; α-Oxoditane; Benzene, benzoyl-; Benzoylbenzene; Diphenyl ketone; Diphenylmethanone; Phenyl ketone; Ketone, diphenyl; alpha-Oxodiphenylmethane; alpha-Oxoditane; Adjutan 6016; Kayacure BP; Diphenyl-methanon; NSC 8077; 1-Benzophenone; Cinnarizine M (benzophenone); Cyclizine M (Benzophenone)
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Other data available:
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- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-30	100.	1606.4	Tudor, 1997	40. m/0.35 mm/0.35 μm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1625.	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5MS	1664.	Alissandrakis E., Tarantilis P.A., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 3C/min => 160C => 10C/min => 200C
Packed	SE-30	1611.	Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980	He, Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	180.	2443.	Tudor, Moldovan, et al., 1999	Phase thickness: 0.08 μm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	1621.	Quijano, Salamanca, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	1621.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SE-54	1644.	Kostiainen, 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
Capillary	SE-54	1610.4	Shapi and Hesso, 1990	25. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 15. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1621.	Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)
Packed	SE-30	1611.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	ZB-Wax	2427.	Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	2505.	Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1623.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1636.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	1637.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1635.	Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1634.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1631.	Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	DB-5	1644.	Grung, Lichtenthaler, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	SPB-5	1660.	Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1585.	Ozel, Gogus, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 0.5 min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 2. min
Capillary	HP-1	1592.	Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 40. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	BPX-5	1655.	Dickschat, Martens, et al., 2005	25. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	HP-5	1635.1	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1628.	Rohloff and Bones, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	1573.	Park, Lee, et al., 2004	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-1	1576.	Park, Lee, et al., 2004	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-1	1577.	Park, Lee, et al., 2004	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	HP-1	1612.	Boatright and Crum, 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 3. min
Capillary	HP-1	1612.	Boatright and Crum, 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.1 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 3. min
Capillary	Ultra-1	1572.	Okumura, 1991	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	HP-1	1610.	Maurer and Pfleger, 1988	12. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, He, 100. C @ 3. min, 30. K/min, 310. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-1	1610.	Maurer and Pfleger, 1988	12. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, He, 100. C @ 3. min, 30. K/min, 310. C @ 5. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1640.	Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1627.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1645.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	VF-5	1628.	Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
Capillary	VF-5	1612.	Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	1635.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP-5	1644.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	1604.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	1655.	Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250 C (10min)
Capillary	HP-1	1590.	Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, N2; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 130C => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1594.	Oda, Yasuhara, et al., 1998	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 20 0C/min -> 160 0C 5 0C/min -> 210 0C 10 0C/min -> 300 0C
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxanes	1603.	Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1603.	Zenkevich, 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1610.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Other	Methyl Silicone	1610.	Ardrey and Moffat, 1981	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-Innowax	2462.	Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	2470.	López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	2410.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	2457.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Tudor, 1997
Tudor, E., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on a SE-30 glass capillary column. I. Linear equations, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 779, 1-2, 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00453-6 . [all data]

Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005
Asuming, W.A.; Beauchamp, P.S.; Descalzo, J.T.; Dev, B.C.; Dev, V.; Frost, S.; Ma, C.W., Essential oil composition of four Lomatium Raf. species and their chemotaxonomy, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 1, 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.06.005 . [all data]

Alissandrakis E., Tarantilis P.A., et al., 2007
Alissandrakis E.; Tarantilis P.A.; Harizanis P.C.; Polissiou M., Comparison of the volatile composition in thyme honeys from several origins in Greece, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 20, 8152-8157, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071442y . [all data]

Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980
Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 184, 2, 185-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85641-1 . [all data]

Tudor, Moldovan, et al., 1999
Tudor, E.; Moldovan, D.; Zârna, N., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on two carbowax-20M glass capillary columns with different film thickness. 2, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1999, 44, 7, 665-675. [all data]

Quijano, Salamanca, et al., 2007
Quijano, C.E.; Salamanca, G.; Pino, J.A., Aroma volatile constituents of Colombian varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 401-406, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1812 . [all data]

Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R., Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2213-2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633 . [all data]

Kostiainen, 2000
Kostiainen, O., Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, Meyers, R.A., ed(s)., John Wiley Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2000, 963-979. [all data]

Shapi and Hesso, 1990
Shapi, M.M.; Hesso, A., Thermal decomposition of polystyrene volatile compounds from large-scale pyrolysis, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 1990, 18, 2, 143-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(90)80004-8 . [all data]

Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997
Yasuhara, A.; Shiraishi, H.; Nishikawa, M.; Yamamoto, T.; Uehiro, T.; Nakasugi, O.; Okumura, T.; Kenmotsu, K.; Fukui, H.; Nagase, M.; Ono, Y.; Kawagoshi, Y.; Baba, K.; Noma, Y., Determination of organic components in leachates from hazardous waste disposal sites in Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 774, 1-2, 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00078-2 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 2001
Adamiec, J.; Rossner, J.; Velisek, J.; Cejpek, K.; Savel, J., Minor Strecker degradation products of phenylalanine and phenylglycine, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2001, 212, 2, 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170000234 . [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Lazarevic, Radulovic, et al., 2010
Lazarevic, J.; Radulovic, N.; Palic, R.; Zlatkovic, B., Chemical Analusis of volatile constituents of Berula erecta (Hudson) Coville subsp. erecta (Apiaceae) from Serbia, J. Essential Oil. Res., 2010, 22, 3, 153-156, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700290 . [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Dordevic, N.; Markovic, M.; Palic, R., Volatile constituents of Glechoma Hirsuta Waldst. Kit. and G. Hederacea L. (Lamiaceae), Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 2010, 24, 1, 67-76, https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v24i1.52962 . [all data]

Grung, Lichtenthaler, et al., 2007
Grung, M.; Lichtenthaler, R.; Ahel, M.; Tollefsen, K.-E.; Langford, K.; Thomas, K.V., Effects-directed analysis of organic toxicants in wastewater effluent from Zagreb, Croatia, Chemosphere, 2007, 67, 1, 108-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.021 . [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Ozel, Gogus, et al., 2006
Ozel, M.Z.; Gogus, F.; Lewis, A.C., Comparison of direct thermal desorption with water distillation and superheated water extraction for the analysis of volatile components of Rosa damascena Mill. using GCxGC-TOF/MS, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 566, 2, 172-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.014 . [all data]

Valette, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Valette, L.; Fernandez, X.; Poulain, S.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M., Chemical composition of the volatile extracts from Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis 'Romanesco' cauliflower seeds, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 107-110, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1530 . [all data]

Dickschat, Martens, et al., 2005
Dickschat, J.S.; Martens, T.; Brinkhoff, T.; Simon, M.; Schulz, S., Volatiles released by a Streptomyces species isolated from the North Sea, Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2005, 2, 7, 837-865, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200590062 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Rohloff and Bones, 2005
Rohloff, J.; Bones, A.M., Volatile profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana - Putative olfactory compounds in plant communication, Phytochemistry, 2005, 66, 16, 1941-1955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.06.021 . [all data]

Park, Lee, et al., 2004
Park, B.-S.; Lee, K.-G.; Takeoka, G.R., Comparison of three sample preparation methods on the recovery of volatiles from taheebo (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC), Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 4, 287-292, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1345 . [all data]

Boatright and Crum, 1997
Boatright, W.L.; Crum, A.D., Nonpolar-volatile lipids from soy protein isolates and hexane-defatted flakes, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 1997, 74, 4, 461-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0107-z . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Maurer and Pfleger, 1988
Maurer, H.; Pfleger, K., Toxicological detection of ethylenediamine and piperazine antihistamines and their metabolites in urine by computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 1988, 331, 7, 744-756, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01105612 . [all data]

Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L., HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]

Shivashankar, Roy, et al., 2012
Shivashankar, S.; Roy, T.K.; Moorthy, P.N.R., Headspace solid phase micro extraction and GC/MS analysis of the volatile components in seed and cake of Azadirachta indica A. juss, Chem. Bull. of Politechnika Univ. Timisoara, Romania, 2012, 57(71), 1, 1-6. [all data]

Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G., EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy, Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Machiels, van Ruth, et al., 2003
Machiels, D.; van Ruth, S.M.; Posthumus, M.A.; Istasse, L., Gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of the volatile compounds of two commercial Irish beef meats, Talanta, 2003, 60, 4, 755-764, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00133-4 . [all data]

Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001
Teai, T.; Claude-Lafontaine, A.; Schippa, C.; Cozzolino, F., Volatile compounds in fresh pulp of pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) from French Polynesia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2001, 13, 5, 314-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2001.9712222 . [all data]

Oda, Yasuhara, et al., 1998
Oda, J.; Yasuhara, A.; Matsunaga, K.; Saito, Y., Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the particulate accumulated in the tunnel duct of freeway and generation of their oxygenated derivatives, Jpn. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1998, 44, 5, 334-351, https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.44.334 . [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1994
Zenkevich, I.G., Contemporary State of Informational Maintenance for Gas Chromatographic Identification of Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Zh. Ecol. Khim., 1994, 3, 2, 111-119. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ardrey and Moffat, 1981
Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 220, 3, 195-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81925-1 . [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004
López, R.; Ezpeleta, E.; Sánchez, I.; Cacho, J.; Ferreira, V., Analysis of the aroma intensities of volatile compounds released from mild acid hydrolysates of odourless precursors extracted from Tempranillo and Grenache grapes using gas chromatography-olfactometry, Food Chem., 2004, 88, 1, 95-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.025 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Notes

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Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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