Hydronium cation
- Formula: H3O+
- Molecular weight: 19.0227
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p+1
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O
- CAS Registry Number: 13968-08-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Species with the same structure:
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 51
- Options:
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, NIST Free Links, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S°gas,1 bar | 45.949 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, NIST Free Links, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 17.3 ± 0.9 | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28. ± 2. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 9.4 | kcal/mol | FA | Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
| 9.2 | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
| 8.4 | 300. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970 | gas phase |
| 8.3 | 307. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 32. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28. ± 7. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.1 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 20. ± 1. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22. ± 4. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.6 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 13. ± 4. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 24. ± 5. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 5.5 | kcal/mol | FA | Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.8 | 293. | ES/HPMS | Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995 | gas phase |
| 5.4 | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
| 5.0 | 300. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970 | gas phase |
| 5.0 | 307. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2 | gas phase |
| 7.0 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( • 4
) +
= (
• 5
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 24. ± 4. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.5 | 293. | ES/HPMS | Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995 | gas phase |
( • 5
) +
= (
• 6
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 11.7 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 16.09 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 29.6 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 82.69 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
( • 6
) +
= (
• 7
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 10.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 12.03 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27. | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 52.31 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 14.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 15.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 14.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 21.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 24.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 20.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977 | gas phase |
( • 12
) +
= (
• 13
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.30 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 13
) +
= (
• 14
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.60 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.8 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.85 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 14
) +
= (
• 15
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.72 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 40.38 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 15
) +
= (
• 16
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.82 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.0 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 42.15 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 16
) +
= (
• 17
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.76 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.6 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 41.38 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 17
) +
= (
• 18
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.75 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 40.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 18
) +
= (
• 19
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.66 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.0 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 41.00 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 19
) +
= (
• 20
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.54 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 9.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 20
) +
= (
• 21
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.43 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 21
) +
= (
• 22
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.32 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.9 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 22
) +
= (
• 23
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.45 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.4 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 38.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 23
) +
= (
• 24
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.28 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.6 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 24
) +
= (
• 25
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.06 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 36.16 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 10
) +
= (
• 11
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.30 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 11
) +
= (
• 12
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.83 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.9 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 33.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 25
) +
= (
• 26
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.72 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 32.85 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 26
) +
= (
• 27
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.41 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 8.2 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 30.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 9
) +
= (
• 10
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.88 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 25.77 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 8
) +
= (
• 9
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.78 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 7
) +
= (
• 8
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.77 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 33.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 2
• 3
) +
= (
• 3
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 6.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 21. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( • 3
• 2
) +
= (
• 4
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 3. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 12. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
( • 27
) +
= (
• 28
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.06 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27.77 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 3.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 8.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
( • 4
) +
= (
•
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.6 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
| 2.6 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
( • 2
• 2
) +
= (
• 3
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.0 ± 2.7 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 19.8 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989 | gas phase; n |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 29.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989 | gas phase; n |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8. ± 2. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 16.6 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
• 3
) +
= (
• 2
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 4.4 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 15.7 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 4.9 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 13.1 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.0 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 14.3 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12.1 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 23. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.3 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 13.9 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 16.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
•
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, NIST Free Links, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + CH4 = (H3O+ • CH4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.0 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 3.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 8.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + CO2 = (H3O+ • CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 14.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 15.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 14.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 21.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 24.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 20.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1977 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 2CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2CO2) + CO2 = (H3O+ • 3CO2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Shoda, et al., 1986 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + H2O = (H3O+ • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 32. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28. ± 7. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.1 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + CHN = (H3O+ • CHN • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 19.8 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989 | gas phase; n |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 29.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989 | gas phase; n |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 20. ± 1. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22. ± 4. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.6 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 3H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 17.3 ± 0.9 | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28. ± 2. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 9.4 | kcal/mol | FA | Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
| 9.2 | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
| 8.4 | 300. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970 | gas phase |
| 8.3 | 307. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 4H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 13. ± 4. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 24. ± 5. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 5.5 | kcal/mol | FA | Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.8 | 293. | ES/HPMS | Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995 | gas phase |
| 5.4 | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
| 5.0 | 300. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970 | gas phase |
| 5.0 | 307. | PHPMS | Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2 | gas phase |
| 7.0 | 300. | HPMS | Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971 | gas phase |
( • 4
) +
= (
• 5
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 5H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 24. ± 4. | cal/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.5 | 293. | ES/HPMS | Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995 | gas phase |
( • 5
) +
= (
• 6
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 6H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 11.7 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 16.09 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 29.6 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 82.69 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
( • 6
) +
= (
• 7
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 7H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 10.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 12.03 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27. | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 52.31 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
( • 7
) +
= (
• 8
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 7H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 8H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.77 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 33.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 8
) +
= (
• 9
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 8H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 9H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.78 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 9
) +
= (
• 10
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 9H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 10H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8.88 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 25.77 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 10
) +
= (
• 11
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 10H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 11H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.30 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 11
) +
= (
• 12
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 11H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 12H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.83 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.9 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 33.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 12
) +
= (
• 13
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 12H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 13H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.30 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 13
) +
= (
• 14
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 13H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 14H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.60 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.8 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.85 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 14
) +
= (
• 15
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 14H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 15H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.72 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.7 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 40.38 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 15
) +
= (
• 16
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 15H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 16H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.82 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.0 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 42.15 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 16
) +
= (
• 17
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 16H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 17H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.76 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.6 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 41.38 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 17
) +
= (
• 18
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 17H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 18H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.75 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 40.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 18
) +
= (
• 19
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 18H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 19H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.66 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.0 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 41.00 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 19
) +
= (
• 20
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 19H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 20H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.54 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 9.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.62 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 20
) +
= (
• 21
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 20H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 21H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.43 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 21
) +
= (
• 22
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 21H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 22H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.32 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 5.9 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 39.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 22
) +
= (
• 23
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 22H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 23H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.45 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.4 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 38.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 23
) +
= (
• 24
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 23H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 24H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.28 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.6 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 37.46 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 24
) +
= (
• 25
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 24H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 25H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.06 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 7.1 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 36.16 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 25
) +
= (
• 26
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 25H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 26H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.72 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 6.3 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 32.85 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 26
) +
= (
• 27
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 26H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 27H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.41 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 8.2 | kcal/mol | CID | Magnera, David, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 30.92 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( • 27
) +
= (
• 28
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 27H2O) + H2O = (H3O+ • 28H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.06 | kcal/mol | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27.77 | cal/mol*K | MKER | Shi, Ford, et al., 1993 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.3 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 13.9 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.0 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 14.3 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
•
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 3H2O)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
( • 4
) +
= (
•
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 4H2O) + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S • 4H2O)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.6 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
| 2.6 | 300. | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + H2 = (H3O+ • H2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 3.5 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | SCATTERING | Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + N2O = (H3O+ • N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 16.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 27. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 2N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 12.1 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 23. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 3N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 10.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 26. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2O) + N2O = (H3O+ • 4N2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 21. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 4.9 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 13.1 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 16.6 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( •
• 3
) +
= (
• 2
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 4.4 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 15.7 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 8. ± 2. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
• 2
) +
= (
• 3
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 9.0 ± 2.7 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 28.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase |
( • 2
• 3
) +
= (
• 3
• 3
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 6.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
( • 3
• 2
) +
= (
• 4
• 2
)
By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 3. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 12. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H3O+ + O2S = (H3O+ • O2S)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 22.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Szulejko and McMahon, 1992 | gas phase |
Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, NIST Free Links, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox
State: X
Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 129; Jacox, 2003, page 160; Sears, Bunker, et al., 1985; Liu, Oka, et al., 1986; Verhoeve, Versluis, et al., 1989; Petek, Nesbitt, et al., 1990; Uy, White, et al., 1997; Araki, Ozeki, et al., 1998; Araki, Ozeki, et al., 1999; Dong, Uy, et al., 2005; Dong and Nesbitt, 2006; Furuya, Saito, et al., 2007; Furuya and Saito, 2008
Notes
| H | (1/2)(2ν) |
| I | Component of an inversion doublet |
| T | Tentative assignment or approximate value |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, NIST Free Links, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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Notes
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