Hydrazine


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas95.35kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1965
Δfgas150. ± 8.kJ/molIonWillis, Lossing, et al., 1976Appearance potentials; ALS
Δfgas50.42kJ/molCmCole and Gilbert, 1951ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-622.08kJ/molCmCole and Gilbert, 1951ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar238.66J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1965

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 800. to 2000.2000. to 6000.
A 35.18240121.4010
B 96.052604.816880
C -40.50130-0.763012
D 6.6680700.043232
E -0.874233-40.78650
F 77.99150-11.38110
G 249.4250305.3440
H 95.3534095.35340
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1965 Data last reviewed in December, 1965

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid50.63kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1965
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid,1 bar121.52J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1965

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 800.
A 48.17750
B 170.4860
C -100.8340
D 45.11350
E 0.674292
F 31.74310
G 136.8710
H 50.62640
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1965

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil386.65KN/ATipton, Stone, et al., 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tboil386.40KN/AFerren, Miller, et al., 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tboil386.95KN/ABurtle, 1952Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; by extrapolation of b.p. of aqueous solutions to pure N2H4; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus275.KN/AMcMillan, 1967Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Tfus274.65KN/ALempe, Neuhaeuser, et al., 1966Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tfus275.15KN/ABruhl, 1897Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple274.56KN/AScott, Oliver, et al., 1949Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Ttriple274.69KN/AScott, Oliver, et al., 1949Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
44.5303.Scott, Oliver, et al., 1949, 2Based on data from 288. to 353. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
288. to 343.5.011051724.782-41.833Scott, Oliver, et al., 1949, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 1-bromo- + 0.5Hydrazine = Hydrogen bromide + Succinimide + 0.5Nitrogen

By formula: C4H4BrNO2 + 0.5H4N2 = HBr + C4H5NO2 + 0.5N2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-260.3 ± 0.46kJ/molCmHoward and Skinner, 1966solid phase; solvent: Aqueous solution; Reanalyzed by Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986, Original value = -261.7 ± 0.46 kJ/mol

N-Chlorosuccinimide + 0.5Hydrazine = Succinimide + Hydrogen chloride + 0.5Nitrogen

By formula: C4H4ClNO2 + 0.5H4N2 = C4H5NO2 + HCl + 0.5N2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-283.6 ± 0.3kJ/molCmHoward and Skinner, 1966solid phase; solvent: Aqueous solution

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H4N2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.1 ± 0.15eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)853.2kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity822.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.1 ± 0.15EQMautner(Meot-Ner), Nelsen, et al., 1984LBLHLM
8.93 ± 0.05EIWiberg, Fischer, et al., 1979LLK
8.93PEBodor, Dewar, et al., 1970RDSH
8.8EIMelton, 1966RDSH
8.74 ± 0.06PIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1963RDSH
8.36 ± 0.03PIAkopyan, Vilesov, et al., 1963RDSH
9.0 ± 0.1ElDibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959RDSH
9.56 ± 0.02PIVilesov and Terenin, 1957RDSH
8.98 ± 0.05PEVovna, Vilesov, et al., 1975Vertical value; LLK
10.68PERademacher, 1975Vertical value; LLK
9.90PENelsen and Buschek, 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.91PEOsafune, Katsumata, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK
10.07PEBarz and Fritz, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
N2H+14.8 ± 0.3H2+HEIDibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959RDSH
NH2+13.9 ± 0.4NH2EIFoner and Hudson, 1958RDSH
H2N2+10.75 ± 0.082HEIFoner and Hudson, 1978LLK
N2H2+11.9 ± 0.2H2EIDibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959RDSH
N2H2+11.0 ± 0.2H2EIFoner and Hudson, 1958, 2RDSH
H3N2+10.86 ± 0.05HEIWiberg, Fischer, et al., 1979LLK
N2H3+11.3HEIFisher and Heath, 1965RDSH
N2H3+10.6 ± 0.1HPIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1963RDSH
N2H3+11.3 ± 0.1HEIDibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959RDSH
N2H3+11.2 ± 0.1HEIFoner and Hudson, 1958RDSH
N2+16.2 ± 0.12H2EIDibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959RDSH

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 38

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), NIST Free Links, NIST Subscription Links, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Willis, Lossing, et al., 1976
Willis, C.; Lossing, F.P.; Back, R.A., The heat of formation of N2H2 and the proton affinity of N2, Can. J. Chem., 1976, 54, 1-3. [all data]

Cole and Gilbert, 1951
Cole, L.G.; Gilbert, E.C., The heats of combustion of some nitrogen compounds and the apparent energy of the N-N bond, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 5423-5427. [all data]

Tipton, Stone, et al., 1989
Tipton, T.; Stone, D.A.; KuBulat, K.; Person, W.B., Experimental and theoretical studies of the infrared spectra of hydrazines: N2H4, N2H3D, N2H2D2, N2HD3, and N2D4, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 2917. [all data]

Ferren, Miller, et al., 1957
Ferren, R.A.; Miller, J.G.; Day, A.R., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 70. [all data]

Burtle, 1952
Burtle, J.G., Vapor Pressure-Composition Measurement son Aqueous Hydrazine Solutions, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44, 1675. [all data]

McMillan, 1967
McMillan, J.A., Hydrazine-1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 39. [all data]

Lempe, Neuhaeuser, et al., 1966
Lempe, D.; Neuhaeuser, S.; Maeder, H.J.; Bittrich, H.-J., Equilibriums in Ternary Liquid-Liquid Systems; Triethylamine + Water and Monoethylamine, Diethylamine, and Hydrazine, Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. Chem. "Carl Schorlemmer" Leuna-Me- rseburg, 1966, 8, 158. [all data]

Bruhl, 1897
Bruhl, J.W., Spectrochemistry of nitrogen containing compounds V, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1897, 22, 373. [all data]

Scott, Oliver, et al., 1949
Scott, D.W.; Oliver, G.D.; Gross, M.E.; Hubbard, W.N.; Huffman, H.M., Hydrazine: Heat Capacity, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, Vapor Pressure, Entropy and Thermodynamic Functions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2293-7. [all data]

Scott, Oliver, et al., 1949, 2
Scott, D.W.; Oliver, G.D.; Gross, Margaret E.; Hubbard, W.N.; Huffman, Hugh M., Hydrazine: Heat Capacity, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, Vapor Pressure, Entropy and Thermodynamic Functions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 7, 2293-2297, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01175a007 . [all data]

Howard and Skinner, 1966
Howard, P.B.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of some reactions of aqueous hydrazine with halogens, hydrogen halides and N-halogenosuccinimides, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1966, 1536-1540. [all data]

Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Mautner(Meot-Ner), Nelsen, et al., 1984
Mautner(Meot-Ner), M.; Nelsen, S.F.; Willi, M.R.; Frigo, T.B., Special effects of an unusually large neutral to radical cation geometry change. Adiabatic ionization energies and proton affinities of alkylhydrazines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 7384. [all data]

Wiberg, Fischer, et al., 1979
Wiberg, N.; Fischer, G.; Bachhuber, H., Diazen und andere Distickstoffhydride: Bildungswarmen, Dissoziationsenergien, Auftrittspotentiale, Protonenaffinitaten, Z. Naturforsch. B:, 1979, 34, 1385. [all data]

Bodor, Dewar, et al., 1970
Bodor, N.; Dewar, M.J.S.; Jennings, W.B.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules-IV.Ionization potentials and heats of formation of some hydrazines and amines, Tetrahedron, 1970, 26, 4109. [all data]

Melton, 1966
Melton, C.E., Study by mass spectrometry of the decomposition of ammonia by ionizing radiation in a wide-range radiolysis source, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 4414. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1963
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., Decay of the molecular ions formed in photoionization of hydrazine and some of its alkyl derivatives, Kinetika i Kataliz, 1963, 4, 39, In original 32. [all data]

Akopyan, Vilesov, et al., 1963
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N., Mass spectrometric investigation of photoionization of molecules and dissociation of excited molecular ions, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1963, 27, 1083, In original 1054. [all data]

Dibeler, Franklin, et al., 1959
Dibeler, V.H.; Franklin, J.L.; Reese, R.M., Electron impact studies of hydrazine and the methyl-substituted hydrazines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 68. [all data]

Vilesov and Terenin, 1957
Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N., The photoionization of the vapors of certain organic compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 115, 744, In original 539. [all data]

Vovna, Vilesov, et al., 1975
Vovna, V.I.; Vilesov, F.I.; Lopatin, S.N., Photoelectron spectra of hydrazine and some alkyl derivatives, Opt. Spectrosc., 1975, 38, 143. [all data]

Rademacher, 1975
Rademacher, P., Acyclische Hydrazine, Chem. Ber., 1975, 108, 1548. [all data]

Nelsen and Buschek, 1974
Nelsen, S.F.; Buschek, J.M., Photoelectron spectra of hydrazines. III. Evidence for similar lone pair-lone pair dihedral angles for acyclic hydrazines, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 2392. [all data]

Osafune, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Osafune, K.; Katsumata, S.; Kimura, K., Photoelectron spectroscopic study of hydrazine, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 19, 369. [all data]

Barz and Fritz, 1972
Barz, P.; Fritz, H.P., Untersuchungen an biochemish ligandensystemen, V. Komplexchemische und physikalisch-chemische untersuchungen am 1,2-dimethylhydrazin, Z. Naturforsch. B:, 1972, 27, 1131. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1958
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., Mass spectrometric detection of triazene and tetrazene and studies of the free radicals NH2, and N2H3, J. Chem. Phys., 1958, 29, 442. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1978
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., On the heat of formation of diimide, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 3162. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1958, 2
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., Diimide-identification and study by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1958, 28, 719. [all data]

Fisher and Heath, 1965
Fisher, I.P.; Heath, G.A., Dissociation energy of the N-H bond in hydrazine, Nature, 1965, 208, 1199. [all data]


Notes

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