Disodium

Formula: Na₂
Molecular weight: 45.97953856
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/2Na
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 25681-79-2
Chemical structure:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	33.956	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in December, 1983
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	55.031	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in December, 1983

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K)	298. to 1400.	1400. to 2800.	2800. to 6000.
A	8.573562	22.23530	-118.2720
B	0.987445	-10.52070	55.28989
C	0.739319	1.798310	-8.050161
D	-0.909011	0.072035	0.382342
E	0.006706	-4.515510	204.8050
F	31.37321	18.38250	295.8819
G	65.12381	73.54859	83.63401
H	33.95559	33.95559	33.95559
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in December, 1983	Data last reviewed in December, 1983	Data last reviewed in December, 1983

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Na₇⁺ + Disodium = (Na₇⁺ • )

By formula: Na₇⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₇⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.2	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₉⁺ + Disodium = (Na₉⁺ • )

By formula: Na₉⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₉⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₁₁⁺ + Disodium = (Na₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: Na₁₁⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₁₁⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.4	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₁₃⁺ + Disodium = (Na₁₃⁺ • )

By formula: Na₁₃⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₁₃⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₃⁺ + Disodium = (Na₃⁺ • )

By formula: Na₃⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₃⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.1	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₅⁺ + Disodium = (Na₅⁺ • )

By formula: Na₅⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₅⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	4.892 ± 0.003	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	274.09	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	267.26	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.430 ± 0.015	LPES	McHugh, Eaton, et al., 1989	Vertical Detachment Energy: 0.543±0.010 eV; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.8947 ± 0.0001	TE	Buhler, 1990	LL
4.8951 ± 0.0002	PI	Kappes, Radi, et al., 1985	LBLHLM
4.91 ± 0.04	PI	Peterson, Dao, et al., 1984	LBLHLM
4.897 ± 0.006	S	Martin, Chevaleyre, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
4.88898 ± 0.00016	LS	Leutwyler, Hofmann, et al., 1981	LLK
4.934 ± 0.011	PI	Herrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978	LLK
4.866 ± 0.014	LS	Herrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978	LLK
4.866 ± 0.014	PI	Herrmann, Leutwyler, et al., 1978	LLK
4.9	EI	Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977	LLK
4.8 ± 0.1	EI	Emel'yanov, Peredvigina, et al., 1971	LLK
4.9 ± 0.1	PI	Robbins, Leckenby, et al., 1967	RDSH
4.90 ± 0.01	PI	Hudson, 1965	RDSH
~4.87	S	Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960	RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
Na⁺	5.91 ± 0.09	Na	PI	Wagner and Isenor, 1983	LBLHLM

Ion clustering data

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Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Na₃⁺ + Disodium = (Na₃⁺ • )

By formula: Na₃⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₃⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.1	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₅⁺ + Disodium = (Na₅⁺ • )

By formula: Na₅⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₅⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₇⁺ + Disodium = (Na₇⁺ • )

By formula: Na₇⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₇⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.2	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₉⁺ + Disodium = (Na₉⁺ • )

By formula: Na₉⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₉⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₁₁⁺ + Disodium = (Na₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: Na₁₁⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₁₁⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.4	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Na₁₃⁺ + Disodium = (Na₁₃⁺ • )

By formula: Na₁₃⁺ + Na₂ = (Na₁₃⁺ • Na₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PDiss	Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989	gas phase

Constants of diatomic molecules

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Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through June, 1977

Symbols used in the table of constants
Symbol	Meaning
State	electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
T_e	minimum electronic energy (cm^-1)
ω_e	vibrational constant – first term (cm^-1)
ω_ex_e	vibrational constant – second term (cm^-1)
ω_ey_e	vibrational constant – third term (cm^-1)
B_e	rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm^-1)
α_e	rotational constant – first term (cm^-1)
γ_e	rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm^-1)
D_e	centrifugal distortion constant (cm^-1)
β_e	rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm^-1)
r_e	internuclear distance (Å)
Trans.	observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν₀₀	position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)

Diatomic constants for ²³Na₂
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
Diffuse bands of Na₂ Van der Waals molecules close to the lines of principal series of Na.
↳Kuhn, 1932; Wurm, 1932
Several fragments of other UV emission and absorption band systems. 1
↳Kimura and Uchida, 1932; Yoshinaga, 1937; Sinha, 1947
E (¹Π_u)	35557.0	106.2 H	0.6₅								E ← X R	35530.6 H
E (¹Π_u)	↳Chang, 1950; Morales, 1963
D ¹Π_u	33486.8	111.3 2 H	0.4₈		3						D ↔ X R	33462.9 H
D ¹Π_u	↳Sinha, 1947; Chang, 1950; Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960; Morales, 1963
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
¹Σ_g⁺	(33000) 4
¹Σ_g⁺	↳Woerdman, 1976
C ¹Π_u	29382	119.33 5 H	0.53		3						C ↔ X R	29362 H
C ¹Π_u	↳Pearse and Sinha, 1947; Sinha, 1949; Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960
B ¹Π_u	20320.02	124.090 Z	0.6999 6		0.12527₇ 7	0.000723₇ 7		3.24₈E-7 8	4.75E-8	3.4228	B ↔ X 9 10 R	20302.49 11 Z
B ¹Π_u	↳Loomis and Wood, 1928; Loomis and Nusbaum, 1932; Demtroder, McClintock, et al., 1969; Demtroder and Stock, 1975
A ¹Σ_u⁺	14680.58	117.323 Z	0.3576 12		0.11078₄ 13 14	0.000548₈ 15		3.88₂E-7 16		3.6384	A ↔ X 17 R	14659.80 Z
A ¹Σ_u⁺	↳Fredrickson, 1929; Fredrickson and Stannard, 1933; Kusch and Hessel, 1975; Kaminsky, Hawkins, et al., 1976; Kaminsky, 1977
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
a ³Π	<14680	(145) 18			(0.140) 18
X ¹Σ_g⁺	0	159.124₅ Z	0.7254₇ 19		0.154707 20	0.0008736 21		5.81₁E-7 22	3.59E-9	3.0788₇ 23

Notes

Molecular absorption cross sections 27000-62500 cm^-1 Hudson, 1965.

Vibrational constants from Chang, 1950.

Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960 report the following rotational constants for D: B_e = 0.1185, α_e = 0.001; C: B_e = 0.128l₅, α_e = 0.0008₄. Considerably different constants, however, are quoted by Richards in Rosen, 1970. D: B_e = 0.1152, α_e = 0.00110; C: B_e = 0.1185, α_e = 0.00096.

Fragment observed in two-photon excited Na₂ fluorescence.

Vibrational constants from Sinha, 1949 (except T_e which has been recalculated). Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960, without details, give T_e = 29393, ω_e = 117.3, ω_ex_e = 0.5₅, while Richards Rosen, 1970 quotes 29384.8, 119.53, and 0.782, respectively.

-0.000495(v+1/2)³ - 0.000153(v+1/2)⁴ + 7.01E-6(v+1/2)⁵ - 1.804E-7(v+1/2)⁶; from the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum, including levels with v'≤ 29 Demtroder and Stock, 1975. This state has a potential hump of ~ 550 cm^-1 (0.069 eV); see Demtroder and Stock, 1975, also Callender, Gersten, et al., 1974. The non-appearance of levels with v'>26 in the magnetic rotation spectrum may be due to weak predissociation; see King and Van Vleck, 1939.

-3.15₉E-5(v+1/2)² + 1.040E-6(v+1/2)³ - 2.92₀E-8(v+1/2)⁴. The constants are for P and R lines, B(R,P) - B(Q) = +0.0000128 Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

H_e = -2.14₅E-11and higher order constants Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

Radiative lifetimes of 24 different levels (v',J') have been measured with an accuracy of ~ 1% by means of a delayed coincidence single-photon counting technique Demtroder, Stetzenbach, et al., 1976; the observed lifetimes [see also McClintock, Demtroder, et al., 1969, Baumgartner, Demtroder, et al., 1970] vary from 7.0 to 7.5 ns and have been used to determine the electronic transition moment and its variation with r. The results are in good agreement with Hessel, Smith, et al., 1974 and with the ab initio calculations of Stevens, Hessel, et al., 1977. See, however, Callender, Gersten, et al., 1974, Williams and Rousseau, 1974.

Franck-Condon factors, dependence on rotation Demtroder, Stetzenbach, et al., 1976.

The band origin given here does not include -BΛ².

+5.167E-6(v+1/2)³ + 9.277E-6(v+1/2)⁴ - 1.456E-7(v+1/2)⁵; from Kaminsky, 1977, see also Kusch and Hessel, 1975. The observations extend to v' = 44 Kaminsky, Hawkins, et al., 1976, Kaminsky, 1977.

Rotational perturbations in v=0 and 1 are caused by levels belonging to the three components of the lower lying a ³Π state Kusch and Hessel, 1975. Similar perturbations affect the higher vibrational levels and are responsible for theappearance of an A-X magnetic rotation spectrum Fredrickson and Stannard, 1933, Carroll, 1937.

RKR potential function Kaminsky, 1977.

+1.625E-8(v+1/2)² + 3.165E-8(v+1/2)³ - 9.205E-10(v+1/2)⁴; from Kaminsky, 1977, see also Kusch and Hessel, 1975.

H_e = +1.129E-12 Kaminsky, 1977, see also Kusch and Hessel, 1975.

Radiative lifetimes Ducas, Littman, et al., 1976 are nearly constant for 1≤v≤25, τ = 12.5 ± 0.5 ns Ducas, Littman, et al., 1976, in very good agreement with theory Stevens, Hessel, et al., 1977.

Constants estimated from the perturbations in A ¹Σ_u⁺ Carroll, 1937, see 13. Bardsley, Junker, et al., 1976 predict T_e = 13500 Bardsley, Junker, et al., 1976, ω_e = 160, B_e = 0.154.

-0.00l095(v+1/2)³ - 4.72E-5(v+1/2)⁴ + 3.2₁E-7(v+1/2)⁵ - 7.5₃E-9(v+1/2)⁶; the analysis of the B→X system includes levels with v"≤46 Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

RKR potential functions Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

-3.14₆E-6(v+1/2)² - 2.40₀E-7(v+1/2)³ + 4.8₄E-9(v+1/2)⁴ - 8.7₃E-11(v + 1/2)⁵, from Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

H_e = +1.92E-12, also higher order constants Demtroder and Stock, 1975.

Mol. beam magn. Reson. 26

From D_e⁰ = 5890 ± 70 cm^-1 based on the RKR potential curve for the ground state Demtroder, McClintock, et al., 1969, Demtroder and Stock, 1975. The thermochemical value of Lewis, 1931, obtained by a molecular beam technique, is 0.73₂ eV.

From photoionization Hudson, 1965, Foster, Leckenby, et al., 1969. A similar value is obtained by extrapolation of the Rydberg series B, C, D, E Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960, Morales, 1963, Velasco, 1973.

g_J = (+)0.0389₂ μ_N Brooks, Anderson, et al., 1963. From the nuclear resonance spectrum Logan, Cote, et al., 1952 determined eqQ, but much improved hyperfine coupling constants eqQ and c [spin rotational constant, see also Konig and Weber, 1976] in the v=0, J=28 level have recently been obtained by Rosner, Holt, et al., 1975 using a laser-fluorescence molecular-beam-resonance technique.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, NIST Free Links, Notes

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989
Brechignac, C.; Cahuzac, P.; Leygnier, J.; Pfalum, R.; Roux, J.P.; Weiner, J., Stability of Alkali Cluster Ions, Z. Phys. D: At. Mol. Clusters, 1989, 12, 1-4, 199, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01426937 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

McHugh, Eaton, et al., 1989
McHugh, K.M.; Eaton, J.G.; Lee, G.H.; Sarkas, H.W.; Kidder, L.H.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Manaa, M.R.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron Spectra of the alkali metal cluster Anions: Na-,n=2-5, K-,n=2-7, Rb-,n=2-3, and Cs-,n=2-3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6, 3792, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456861 . [all data]

Buhler, 1990
Buhler, B., [Title unavailable], Ph. D. Thesis, Fakultat fur Physik, Universitat Freiburg, 1990. [all data]

Kappes, Radi, et al., 1985
Kappes, M.M.; Radi, P.; Schar, M.; Schumacher, E., Photoionization measurements on dialkali monohalides generated in supersonic nozzle beams, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 113, 243. [all data]

Peterson, Dao, et al., 1984
Peterson, K.I.; Dao, P.D.; Farley, R.W.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Photoionization of sodium clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 1780. [all data]

Martin, Chevaleyre, et al., 1982
Martin, S.; Chevaleyre, J.; Valignat, S.; Perrot, J.P.; Broyer, M.; Cabaud, B.; Hoareau, A., Autoionizing Rydberg states of the Na₂ molecule, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1982, 87, 235. [all data]

Leutwyler, Hofmann, et al., 1981
Leutwyler, S.; Hofmann, M.; Harri, H.-P.; Schumacher, E., The adiabatic ionization potentials of the alkali dimers Na₂, NaK and K₂, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1981, 77, 257. [all data]

Herrmann, Schumacher, et al., 1978
Herrmann, A.; Schumacher, E.; Woste, L., Preparation and photoionization potentials of molecules of sodium, potassium and mixed atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2327. [all data]

Herrmann, Leutwyler, et al., 1978
Herrmann, A.; Leutwyler, S.; Schumacher, E.; Woste, L., 38. On metal-atom clusters IV. Photoionization thresholds and multiphoton ionization spectra of alkali-metal molecules, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1978, 61, 453. [all data]

Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977
Zmbov, K.F.; Wu, C.H.; Ihle, H.R., A mass spectrometric study of heteronuclear diatomic alkali metal molecules. Dissociation energies ionization potentials of NaLi, KLi, NaK, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 4603. [all data]

Emel'yanov, Peredvigina, et al., 1971
Emel'yanov, A.M.; Peredvigina, V.A.; Gorokhov, L.N., Ionization potentials of Li₂ and Na₂ molecules and the dissociation energy of Li₂⁺ and Na₂⁺ ions, Teplofiz. Vysokikh Temperatur, 1971, 9, 190, In original 164. [all data]

Robbins, Leckenby, et al., 1967
Robbins, E.J.; Leckenby, R.E.; Willis, P., The ionization potentials of clustered sodium atoms, Advan. Phys., 1967, 16, 739. [all data]

Hudson, 1965
Hudson, R.D., Measurements of the molecular absorption cross section and the photoionization of sodium vapor between 1600 and 3700, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1790. [all data]

Barrow, Travis, et al., 1960
Barrow, R.F.; Travis, N.; Wright, C.V., Excited electronic states of lithium and sodium molecules, Nature, 1960, 187, 141. [all data]

Wagner and Isenor, 1983
Wagner, G.; Isenor, N.R., Formation and dissociation of Na₂⁺ by ruby laser radiation, Can. J. Phys., 1983, 61, 40. [all data]

Kuhn, 1932
Kuhn, H., Uber spektren von unecht gebundenen molekulen (polarisationsmolekulen) K₂, Na₂, Cs₂ und verbreiterung von absorptionslinien, Z. Phys., 1932, 76, 782. [all data]

Wurm, 1932
Wurm, K., Uber eine die D-Linien des natriums begleitende diffuse bande, Z. Phys., 1932, 79, 736. [all data]

Kimura and Uchida, 1932
Kimura, M.; Uchida, Y., Ultra-violet absorption bands of sodium vapour, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1932, 18, 109. [all data]

Yoshinaga, 1937
Yoshinaga, H., New ultraviolet absorption bands of sodium and potassium molecules, Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jpn., 1937, 19, 847. [all data]

Sinha, 1947
Sinha, S.P., Ultra-violet bands of Na₂, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1947, 59, 610. [all data]

Chang, 1950
Chang, C.S., Sodium bands in the ultra-violet λλ3100-2750, Chin. J. Phys., 1950, 7, 377. [all data]

Morales, 1963
Morales, V., Espectro ultravioleta de la molecula Na₂, An. R. Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim. Ser. A, 1963, 59, 3. [all data]

Woerdman, 1976
Woerdman, J.P., Doppler-free two-photon transitions of the sodium molecule, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, 43, 279. [all data]

Pearse and Sinha, 1947
Pearse, R.W.B.; Sinha, S.P., Absorption bands of Li₂, Na₂, K₂ and NaK, Nature (London), 1947, 160, 159. [all data]

Sinha, 1949
Sinha, S.P., Ultra-violet bands of Na₂, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1949, 62, 124. [all data]

Loomis and Wood, 1928
Loomis, F.W.; Wood, R.W., The rotational structure of the blue-green bands of Na₂, Phys. Rev., 1928, 32, 223. [all data]

Loomis and Nusbaum, 1932
Loomis, F.W.; Nusbaum, R.E., Magnetic rotation spectrum and heat of dissociation of the sodium molecule, Phys. Rev., 1932, 40, 380. [all data]

Demtroder, McClintock, et al., 1969
Demtroder, W.; McClintock, M.; Zare, R.N., Spectroscopy of Na₂ using laser-induced fluorescence, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 5495. [all data]

Demtroder and Stock, 1975
Demtroder, W.; Stock, M., Molecular constants and potential curves of Na₂ from laser-induced fluorescence, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 55, 476. [all data]

Fredrickson, 1929
Fredrickson, W.R., Rotational structure of the red bands of sodium, Phys. Rev., 1929, 34, 207. [all data]

Fredrickson and Stannard, 1933
Fredrickson, W.R.; Stannard, C.R., Magnetic rotation spectrum of the red bands of sodium, Phys. Rev., 1933, 44, 632. [all data]

Kusch and Hessel, 1975
Kusch, P.; Hessel, M.M., Perturbations in the A¹Σ_u⁺ state of Na₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4087. [all data]

Kaminsky, Hawkins, et al., 1976
Kaminsky, M.E.; Hawkins, R.T.; Kowalski, F.V.; Schawlow, A.L., Identification of absorption lines by modulated lower-level population: spectrum of Na₂, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1976, 36, 671. [all data]

Kaminsky, 1977
Kaminsky, M.E., New spectroscopic constants and RKR potential for the A¹Σ_u⁺ state of Na₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 4951-4953. [all data]

Rosen, 1970
Rosen, B., International tables of selected constants. 17. Spectroscopic data relative to diatomic molecules, Pub. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970, 0. [all data]

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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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