Isobutane
- Formula: C4H10
- Molecular weight: 58.1222
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-28-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Propane, 2-methyl-; Trimethylmethane; 1,1-Dimethylethane; 2-Methylpropane; iso-C4H10; i-Butane; UN 1969; R 600a; tert-Butane; A 31; Methylpropane; A 31 (hydrocarbon)
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -32.07 ± 0.15 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Pittam and Pilcher, 1972 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -32.42 ± 0.13 | kcal/mol | Cm | Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951 | see Prosen and Rossini, 1945, Rossini, 1935; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°gas | -685.71 ± 0.14 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Pittam and Pilcher, 1972 | Corresponding ΔfHºgas = -32.07 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°gas | -685.37 ± 0.11 | kcal/mol | Cm | Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951 | see Prosen and Rossini, 1945, Rossini, 1935; Corresponding ΔfHºgas = -32.41 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.320 | 50. | Chen S.S., 1975 | Recommended values are in good agreement with those calculated by [ Pitzer K.S., 1946].; GT |
11.30 | 100. | ||
14.41 | 150. | ||
17.17 | 200. | ||
21.49 | 273.15 | ||
23.10 | 298.15 | ||
23.22 | 300. | ||
29.739 | 400. | ||
35.669 | 500. | ||
40.719 | 600. | ||
45.000 | 700. | ||
48.671 | 800. | ||
51.850 | 900. | ||
54.601 | 1000. | ||
57.000 | 1100. | ||
59.070 | 1200. | ||
60.880 | 1300. | ||
62.450 | 1400. | ||
63.819 | 1500. |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
19.67 ± 0.01 | 243.15 | Ernst G., 1970 | Other experimental values of heat capacity [ Sage B.H., 1937, Sage B.H., 1938] are less accurate, see [ Chen S.S., 1975]. Please also see Dailey B.P., 1943, Wacker P.F., 1947.; GT |
21.50 ± 0.01 | 273.15 | ||
22.76 ± 0.024 | 293.15 | ||
24.061 ± 0.024 | 313.15 | ||
25.423 ± 0.026 | 333.15 | ||
26.209 | 347.6 | ||
26.707 ± 0.026 | 353.15 | ||
26.900 | 359.4 | ||
28.590 | 387.5 | ||
32.751 | 452.5 | ||
36.551 | 520.9 | ||
38.549 | 561.7 | ||
40.559 | 605.3 | ||
44.259 | 692.7 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S°liquid | 47.990 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | |
S°liquid | 47.49 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937 | Extrapolation below 67 K, 44.02 J/mol*K. |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
30.999 | 260. | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | T = 20 to 260 K. |
30.69 | 258.3 | Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937 | T = 79 to 261 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum. |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 262. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 24 out of 25 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 140. ± 100. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 113.55 | K | N/A | Younglove and Ely, 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 113.55 | K | N/A | Goodwin and Haynes, 1982 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 113.74 | K | N/A | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 113.2 | K | N/A | Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ptriple | 1.9226×10-7 | atm | N/A | Younglove and Ely, 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2.×10-10 atm; TRC |
Ptriple | 1.9226×10-7 | atm | N/A | Goodwin and Haynes, 1982 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5.×10-10 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 407.7 ± 0.8 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 10 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 36.0 ± 0.5 | atm | AVG | N/A | Average of 9 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.259 | l/mol | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
Vc | 0.2591 | l/mol | N/A | Younglove and Ely, 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 3.85 ± 0.05 | mol/l | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
ρc | 3.880 | mol/l | N/A | Levelt Sengers, Kamgar-Parsi, et al., 1983 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.009 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.91 | mol/l | N/A | Waxman and Gallagher, 1983 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.09 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.8601 | mol/l | N/A | Goodwin and Haynes, 1982 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.802 | mol/l | N/A | Beattie, Edwards, et al., 1949 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 4.778 | kcal/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.0901 | 261.44 | N/A | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | P = 101.325 kPa; DH |
5.09 | 261.3 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
5.14 | 318. | N/A | Lim, Park, et al., 1999 | Based on data from 303. to 333. K.; AC |
5.35 | 265. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 186. to 280. K.; AC |
6.43 | 172. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 121. to 187. K.; AC |
5.23 | 278. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 263. to 306. K.; AC |
5.11 | 316. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 301. to 366. K.; AC |
5.16 | 376. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 361. to 408. K.; AC |
5.16 | 292. | N/A | Steele, Poling, et al., 1976 | Based on data from 277. to 344. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
5.09 | 286. | N/A | Reid, 1972 | AC |
5.1 ± 0.8 | 261.44 | V | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940, 3 | ALS |
5.40 | 247. | N/A | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | Based on data from 188. to 262. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
Entropy of vaporization
ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
19.47 | 261.44 | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | P; DH |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
261.31 to 408.12 | 4.3224 | 1132.108 | 0.918 | Das, Reed, et al., 1973 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
188.06 to 261.54 | 3.93846 | 912.141 | -29.808 | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.085 | 113.74 | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | DH |
1.07 | 113.7 | Perkins and Magee, 2009 | AC |
1.09 | 113.7 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
1.075 | 113.2 | Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937 | DH |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.541 | 113.74 | Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940 | DH |
9.496 | 113.2 | Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C4H9- + =
By formula: C4H9- + H+ = C4H10
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 412.9 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.7 ± 4.8 | kcal/mol | Bran | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 404.3 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 406.1 ± 4.9 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
C4H9- + =
By formula: C4H9- + H+ = C4H10
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 413.1 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1984 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 405.7 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -28.15 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -28.39 ± 0.18 kcal/mol; At 355 °K; ALS |
By formula: C4H10 = C4H10
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2.318 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Pines, Kvetinskas, et al., 1945 | gas phase; Heat of isomerization; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.68 ± 0.11 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 162.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 160.4 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.57 | EST | Luo and Pacey, 1992 | LL |
10.74 ± 0.05 | EI | Flesch and Svec, 1973 | LLK |
10.69 | PI | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
10.79 | PI | Turner and Al-Joboury, 1964 | RDSH |
10.78 | PI | Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964 | RDSH |
10.57 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
~10.5 | PI | Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
11.13 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.0 ± 0.1 | PE | Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.4 | PE | Murrell and Schmidt, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH3+ | 29.4 ± 0.2 | ? | EI | Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964 | RDSH |
C2H5+ | 13.80 | C2H5 | EI | Omura, 1961 | RDSH |
C3H5+ | 14.55 | ? | EI | Omura, 1961 | RDSH |
C3H6+ | 10.89 ± 0.02 | CH4 | PI | Mead, Donchi, et al., 1980 | LLK |
C3H6+ | 10.91 | CH4 | EI | Wolkoff and Holmes, 1978 | LLK |
C3H6+ | 10.93 ± 0.03 | CH4 | PI | Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
C3H7+ | 11.16 ± 0.02 | CH3 | PI | Mead, Donchi, et al., 1980 | LLK |
C3H7+ | 11.16 ± 0.05 | CH3 | EI | Williams and Hamill, 1968 | RDSH |
C3H7+ | 11.23 ± 0.03 | CH3 | PI | Steiner, Giese, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
C4H9+ | 10.68 ± 0.02 | H | PI | Mead, Donchi, et al., 1980 | LLK |
C4H9+ | 10.68 ± 0.03 | H | PI | McLoughlin and Traeger, 1979 | LLK |
C4H9+ | 11.6 | H | EI | Omura, 1961 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
C4H9- + =
By formula: C4H9- + H+ = C4H10
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 412.9 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.7 ± 4.8 | kcal/mol | Bran | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 404.3 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 406.1 ± 4.9 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
C4H9- + =
By formula: C4H9- + H+ = C4H10
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 413.1 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Bran | DePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1984 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 405.7 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 121 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Pittam and Pilcher, 1972
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G.,
Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]
Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C4 hydrocarbons,
J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]
Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all data]
Rossini, 1935
Rossini, F.D.,
Heat of combustion of isobutane,
J. Res. NBS, 1935, 15, 357-361. [all data]
Chen S.S., 1975
Chen S.S.,
Ideal gas thermodynamic properties and isomerization of n-butane and isobutane,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1975, 4, 859-869. [all data]
Pitzer K.S., 1946
Pitzer K.S.,
The entropies and related properties of branched paraffin hydrocarbons,
Chem. Rev., 1946, 39, 435-447. [all data]
Ernst G., 1970
Ernst G.,
Ideal and real gas state heat capacities Cp of C3H8, i-C4H10, C2F5Cl, CH2ClCF3, CF2ClCFCl2, and CHF2Cl,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 787-791. [all data]
Sage B.H., 1937
Sage B.H.,
Phase equilibria in hydrocarbon systems. XX. Isobaric heat capacity of gaseous propane, n-butane, isobutane, and n-pentane,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1937, 29, 1309-1314. [all data]
Sage B.H., 1938
Sage B.H.,
Phase equilibrium in hydrocarbon systems. Thermodynamic properties of isobutane,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1938, 30, 673-681. [all data]
Dailey B.P., 1943
Dailey B.P.,
Heat capacities and hindered rotation in n-butane and isobutane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 44-46. [all data]
Wacker P.F., 1947
Wacker P.F.,
Heat capacities of gaseous oxygen, isobutane, and 1-butene from -30 to +90 C,
J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1947, 38, 651-659. [all data]
Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940
Aston, J.G.; Kennedy, R.M.; Schumann, S.C.,
The heat capacity and entropy, heats of fusion and vaporization and the vapor pressure of isobutane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 2059-2063. [all data]
Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937
Parks, G.S.; Shomate, C.H.; Kennedy, W.D.; Crawford, B.L., Jr.,
The entropies of n-butane and isobutane, with some heat capacity data for isobutane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 359-363. [all data]
Younglove and Ely, 1987
Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F.,
Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]
Goodwin and Haynes, 1982
Goodwin, R.D.; Haynes, W.M.,
Thermophysical Properties of Propane from 85 to 700 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, NBS Monogr. (U. S.) No. 170, 249 pp., 1982. [all data]
Aston, Kennedy, et al., 1940, 2
Aston, J.G.; Kennedy, R.M.; Schumann, S.C.,
The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Fusion and Vaporization and the Vapor Pressure of Isobutane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 2059. [all data]
Parks, Shomate, et al., 1937, 2
Parks, G.S.; Shomate, C.H.; Kennedy, W.D.; Crawford, B.L.,
The entropies of n-butane and isobutane with some heat capacity data for isobutane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 359-63. [all data]
Daubert, 1996
Daubert, T.E.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 5. Branched Alkanes and Cycloalkanes,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 365-372. [all data]
Levelt Sengers, Kamgar-Parsi, et al., 1983
Levelt Sengers, J.M.H.; Kamgar-Parsi, B.; Sengers, J.V.,
Thermodnamic Properties of Isobutane in the Critical Region,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1983, 28, 354-362. [all data]
Waxman and Gallagher, 1983
Waxman, M.; Gallagher, J.S.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Isobutane for Temperatures from 250 to 600 K and Pressures from 0.1 to 40 MPa,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1983, 28, 224. [all data]
Beattie, Edwards, et al., 1949
Beattie, J.A.; Edwards, D.G.; Marple, S.,
The Vapor Pressure, Orthobaric Liquid Density, and Critical Constants of Isobutane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1949, 17, 576. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Lim, Park, et al., 1999
Lim, Jong Sung; Park, Ji-Young; Lee, Byung-Gwon; Lee, Youn-Woo; Kim, Jae-Duck,
Phase Equilibria of CFC Alternative Refrigerant Mixtures: Binary Systems of Isobutane + 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, + 1,1-Difluoroethane, and + Difluoromethane,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1999, 44, 6, 1226-1230, https://doi.org/10.1021/je9900777
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Steele, Poling, et al., 1976
Steele, Kevin; Poling, Bruce E.; Manley, David B.,
Vapor pressures for the system 1-butene, isobutane, and 1,3-butadiene,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1976, 21, 4, 399-403, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60071a006
. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Reid, 1972
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Ptriple Triple point pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔcH°gas Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ΔvapS Entropy of vaporization ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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