Hydrogen
- Formula: H2
- Molecular weight: 2.01588
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 1333-74-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Dihydrogen; o-Hydrogen; p-Hydrogen; Molecular hydrogen; H2; UN 1049; UN 1966
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 200, reactions 201 to 250, reactions 251 to 300, reactions 301 to 350, reactions 351 to 400, reactions 401 to 450, reactions 451 to 500, reactions 501 to 550, reactions 551 to 600, reactions 601 to 621
- Henry's Law data
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Constants of diatomic molecules
- Fluid Properties
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
- NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
- NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
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Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ttriple | 0. | K | N/A | Roder, Childs, et al., 1973 | TRC |
Ttriple | 13.95 | K | N/A | Clusius and Weigand, 1940 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; see property X for dP/dT for c-l equil.; TRC |
Ttriple | 13.96 | K | N/A | Henning and Otto, 1936 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; temperature measured with He gas thermometer; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ptriple | 0. | bar | N/A | Roder, Childs, et al., 1973 | TRC |
Ptriple | 0.0721 | bar | N/A | Henning and Otto, 1936 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0004 bar; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 33.18 | K | N/A | Onnes, Crommelin, et al., 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; derived from P-V-T measurements; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 13.00 | bar | N/A | Onnes, Crommelin, et al., 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0119 bar; derived from vapor pressure extrapolated to Tc; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 15.4 | mol/l | N/A | Onnes, Crommelin, et al., 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. mol/l; by extrapolation of rectilinear diameter to Tc; TRC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21.01 to 32.27 | 3.54314 | 99.395 | 7.726 | van Itterbeek, Verbeke, et al., 1964 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to H2+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 15.42593 ± 0.00005 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 422.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 394.7 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H+ | 18.078 ± 0.003 | H | PIPECO | Weitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994 | T = 0K; LL |
H+ | 18.0 ± 0.2 | H | EI | Crowe and McConkey, 1973 | LLK |
H+ | 17.28 ± 0.16 | H- | EI | Locht and Momigny, 1971 | LLK |
H+ | 17.3 | H- | EI | Curran, Laboratories | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1675.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000 | gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 1675.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992 | gas phase; 399.46±0.01 kcal/mol at 0K; 0.94 correction, Gurvich, Veyts, et al.; B |
ΔrH° | 1675.3 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991 | gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1649.3 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000 | gas phase; Given: 139714.8±1 cm-1 at 0K, or 399.465±0.003 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 1649.3 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991 | gas phase; Reported: 6082.99±0.15 cm-1, or 0.754195(18) eV; B |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: Ar+ + H2 = (Ar+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 93.7 | kJ/mol | FA | Shul, Passarella, et al., 1987 | gas phase; switching reaction(Ar+)Ar, ΔrH>; Dehmer and Pratt, 1982 |
By formula: CHO+ + H2 = (CHO+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 85.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase |
By formula: CH5+ + H2 = (CH5+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.87 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 50.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
By formula: (CH5+ • H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.45 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 67.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
By formula: (CH5+ • 2H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 3H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.74 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 94.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
By formula: (CH5+ • 3H2) + H2 = (CH5+ • 4H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.57 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 108. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991 | gas phase |
By formula: C3H7+ + H2 = (C3H7+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
4. | 170. | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
By formula: (Co+ • CH4) + H2 = (Co+ • H2 • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 95.8 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
73. (+3.,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 |
By formula: (Co+ • H2O) + H2 = (Co+ • H2 • H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 103. | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(530 K) |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
83. (+3.,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(530 K) |
By formula: Co+ + H2 = (Co+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 82. ± 4. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(O K)=76.1 kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=86.2 J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 92.0 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(O K)=76.1 kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=86.2 J/mol*K |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
73.2 (+9.6,-0.) | CID | Haynes and Armentrout, 1996 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID |
By formula: (Co+ • H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 75. ± 3. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=71.1 kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=103. J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 103. | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=71.1 kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=103. J/mol*K |
By formula: (Co+ • 2H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 3H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 44. ± 2. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=40. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=85.8 J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 85.8 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=40. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=85.8 J/mol*K |
By formula: (Co+ • 3H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 4H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 44. ± 3. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=40. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=105. J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=40. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=105. J/mol*K |
By formula: (Co+ • 4H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 5H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22. ± 3. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=18. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=91.6 J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 94.1 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=18. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=91.6 J/mol*K |
By formula: (Co+ • 5H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 6H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 20. ± 3. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=17. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=99.6 J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 99.2 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=17. kJ/mol, ΔrS(300 K)=99.6 J/mol*K |
By formula: (Co+ • 6H2) + H2 = (Co+ • 7H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6. ± 3. | kJ/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=3. kJ/mol; ΔrS(300 K)=75.3 J/mol*K |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 75.3 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2 | gas phase; ΔrH(0 K)=3. kJ/mol; ΔrS(300 K)=75.3 J/mol*K |
By formula: Fe+ + H2 = (Fe+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52.3 ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 45.2 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 90.0 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 45.2 kJ/mol |
By formula: (Fe+ • H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 71.1 ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 65.7 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 105. | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 65.7 kJ/mol |
By formula: (Fe+ • 2H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 3H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 35. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 31. kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 79.9 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 31. kJ/mol |
By formula: (Fe+ • 3H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 4H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 41. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 36. kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 104. | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 36. kJ/mol |
By formula: (Fe+ • 4H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 5H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.2 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 74.9 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.2 kJ/mol |
By formula: (Fe+ • 5H2) + H2 = (Fe+ • 6H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.6 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 75.7 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.6 kJ/mol |
By formula: HN2+ + H2 = (HN2+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 30. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 94.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
By formula: (HN2+ • H2) + H2 = (HN2+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 71. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
By formula: HO- + H2 = (HO- • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 30. | kJ/mol | CID | Paulson and Henchman, 1984 | gas phase; approximate value |
By formula: HO2+ + H2 = (HO2+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 92. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
By formula: (HO2+ • O2) + H2 = (HO2+ • H2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 17. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 71. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
By formula: H3+ + H2 = (H3+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29. ± 2. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 11 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 72.8 to 72.8 | J/mol*K | RNG | N/A | Range of 6 values; Individual data points |
By formula: (H3+ • H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14. ± 0.8 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 13. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 14. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983 | gas phase; deuterated |
ΔrH° | 17. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 7.5 | kJ/mol | HPMS | Bennett and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 72.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrS° | 70.7 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983 | gas phase |
ΔrS° | 67.4 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983 | gas phase; deuterated |
ΔrS° | 82.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
ΔrS° | 45.2 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Bennett and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
By formula: (H3+ • 2H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 3H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13. ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 16. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 77.4 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrS° | 84.5 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 3H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 4H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.2 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 10. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 74.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
ΔrS° | 80.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 4H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 5H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.9 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 79.1 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 5H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 6H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.4 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 83.7 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 6H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 7H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.7 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 69.0 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 7H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 8H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.3 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 74.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: (H3+ • 8H2) + H2 = (H3+ • 9H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.6 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 79.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1987 | gas phase |
By formula: H3O+ + H2 = (H3O+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15. ± 2. | kJ/mol | SCATTERING | Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990 | gas phase |
By formula: K+ + H2 = (K+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.78 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 6.07 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 56.5 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 6.07 kJ/mol |
By formula: (K+ • H2) + H2 = (K+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.15 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 5.65 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 46.9 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 5.65 kJ/mol |
By formula: Li+ + H2 = (Li+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 27. ± 19. | kJ/mol | EI | Wu, 1979 | gas phase |
By formula: Na+ + H2 = (Na+ • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.3 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 10.3 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 55.2 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 10.3 kJ/mol |
By formula: (Na+ • H2) + H2 = (Na+ • 2H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.1 | kJ/mol | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.41 kJ/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 51.9 | J/mol*K | SIDT | Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH(0K) = 9.41 kJ/mol |
References
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Roder, Childs, et al., 1973
Roder, H.M.; Childs, G.E.; McCarty, R.D.; Angerhofer, P.E.,
Survey of the Prop. of the Hydrogen Isotopes Below Their Critical Temp, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1973. [all data]
Clusius and Weigand, 1940
Clusius, K.; Weigand, K.,
Melting Curves of the Gases A, Kr, Xe, CH4, CH3D, CD4, C2H4, C2H6, COS, and PH3 to 200 Atmospheres Pressure. The Chane of Volume on Melting,
Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. B, 1940, 46, 1-37. [all data]
Henning and Otto, 1936
Henning, F.; Otto, J.,
Vapor pressure curves and triple points in the temperature region from 14 to 90 k,
Phys. Z., 1936, 37, 633-8. [all data]
Onnes, Crommelin, et al., 1917
Onnes, H.K.; Crommelin, C.-A.; Cath, P.G.,
Isothermals of di-atomic substances and their binary mixtures. XIX. A preliminary determination of the critical point of hydrogen.,
Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., 1917, 20, 178-184. [all data]
van Itterbeek, Verbeke, et al., 1964
van Itterbeek, A.; Verbeke, O.; Theewes, F.; Staes, K.; de Boelpaep, J.,
The Difference in Vapour Pressure Between Normal and Equilibrium Hydrogen. Vapour Pressure of Normal Hydrogen Between 20 ºK and 32 ºK,
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Shiner, Gilligan, et al., 1993
Shiner, D.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cook, B.M.; Lichten, W.,
H2, D2, and HD ionization potentials by accurate calibration of several iodine lines,
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McCormack, Gilligan, et al., 1989
McCormack, E.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cornaggia, C.; Eyler, E.E.,
Measurement of high Rydberg states and the ionization potential of H2,
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Glab and Hessler, 1987
Glab, W.L.; Hessler, J.P.,
Multiphoton excitation of high singlet np Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen: Spectroscopy and dynamics,
Phys. Rev. A, 1987, 35, 2102. [all data]
Eyler, Short, et al., 1986
Eyler, E.E.; Short, R.C.; Pipkin, F.M.,
Precision spectroscopy of the nf triplet Rydberg states of H2 and determination of the triplet ionization potential,
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Farber, Srivastava, et al., 1982
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D.; Moyer, J.W.,
Mass spectrometric determination of the thermodynamics of potassium hydroxide and minor potassium-containing species required in magnetohydrodynamic power systems,
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Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
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Bieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980
Bieri, G.; Schmelzer, A.; Asbrink, L.; Jonsson, M.,
Fluorine and the fluoroderivatives of acetylene and diacetylene studied by 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectroscopy,
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Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G.,
Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]
Farber and Srivastava, 1977
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D.,
Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation of the silane fluorides,
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Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O.,
Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules,
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Lee and Rabalais, 1974
Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W.,
Vibrational transition probabilities in photoelectron spectra,
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Herzberg and Jungen, 1972
Herzberg, G.; Jungen, Ch.,
Rydberg series and ionization potential of the H2 molecule,
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Takezawa, 1970
Takezawa, S.,
Absorption spectrum of H2 in the vacuum-uv region. II. Rydberg series converging to the first six vibrational levels of the H2+ ground state,
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Asbrink, 1970
Asbrink, L.,
The photoelectron spectrum of H2,
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Lossing and Semeluk, 1969
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P.,
Threshold ionization efficiency curves for monoenergetic electron impact on H2, D2, CH4 and CD4,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 408. [all data]
Herzberg, 1969
Herzberg, G.,
Dissociation energy and ionization potential of molecular hydrogen,
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Villarejo, 1968
Villarejo, D.,
Measurement of threshold electrons in the photoionization of H2 and D2,
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Collin and Natalis, 1968
Collin, J.E.; Natalis, P.,
Vibrational and electronic ionic states of nitric oxide. An accurate method for measuring ionization potentials by photoelectron spectroscopy,
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Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules,
Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]
Kerwin, Marmet, et al., 1963
Kerwin, L.; Marmet, P.; Clarke, E.M.,
Recent work with the electrostatic electron selector,
Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1963, 2, 522. [all data]
Beutler and Junger, 1936
Beutler, H.; Junger, H.-O.,
Uber das Absorptionsspektrum des Wasserstoffs. III. Die Autoionisierung im Term 3pπ 1u des H2 und ihre Auswahlgesetze. Bestimmung der lonisierungsenergie des H2,
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Weitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994
Weitzel, K.-M.; Mahnert, J.; Penno, M.,
ZEKE-PEPICO investigations of dissociation energies in ionic reactions,
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Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W.,
Dissociative ionization by electron impact. I. Protons from H2,
J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2088. [all data]
Locht and Momigny, 1971
Locht, R.; Momigny, J.,
Mass spectrometric study of ion-pair processes in diatomic molecules: H2, CO, NO and O2,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 121. [all data]
Curran, Laboratories
Curran, R.K.,
Negative ion formation in various gases at pressures up to .5 mm of Hg,
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Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.C.J.; Hepburn, J.W.,
Threshold Ion-pair Production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of H2 and D2,
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Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992
Pratt, S.T.; McCormack, E.F.; Dehmer, J.L.; Dehmer, P.M.,
Field-Induced Ion-Pair Formation in Molecular Hydrogen,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 68, 5, 584, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.584
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Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B.,
Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]
Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991
Lykke, K.R.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Threshold Photodetachment of H-,
Phys. Rev. A, 1991, 43, 11, 6104, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.6104
. [all data]
Shul, Passarella, et al., 1987
Shul, R.J.; Passarella, R.; Upshulte, B.L.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W.,
Thermal Energy Reactions Invoving Ar+ Monomer and Dimer with N2, H2, Xe, and Kr,
J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 8, 4446, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452718
. [all data]
Dehmer and Pratt, 1982
Dehmer, P.M.; Pratt, S.T.,
Photoionization of ArKr, ArXe, and KrXe and bond dissociation energies of the rare gas dimer ions,
J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 4804. [all data]
Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P.,
Stability and Structure of H3CO+ Formed from COH+ + H2 at Low Temperature,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4, 1688, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431499
. [all data]
Hiraoka, Kudaka, et al., 1991
Hiraoka, K.; Kudaka, I.; Yamabe, S.,
Gas-Phase Solvation of CH5+ with H2,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 184, 4, 271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)85122-D
. [all data]
Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities and Energetics of Pentacoordinated Carbonium Ions. The Isomeric C2H7+ Ions and Some Higher Analogues: C3H9+ and C4H11+,
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. [all data]
Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Koppen, P.; Bowers, M.T.,
Binding Energies of Co+(H2/CH4/C2H6)1,2,3 Clusters,
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. [all data]
Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Helden, G.; Bowers, M.T.,
Co+(H2)n Clusters: Binding Energies and Molecular Parameters,
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. [all data]
Haynes and Armentrout, 1996
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B.,
Guided Ion Beam Determination of the Co+ - H2 Bond Dissociation energy,
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Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1995
Bushnell, J.E.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T.,
Factors Affecting sigma Bond Activation in Simple Systems; Measurement of Experimental Binding energies of Fe+(H2)1-6 Clusters,
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. [all data]
Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979
Hiraoka, K.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of Complexes (N2)nH+, (CO)nH+ and (O2)nH+ for n = 1 to 7 Based on Gas Phase Ion Equilibrium Measurements,
Can. J. Chem., 1979, 57, 16, 2159, https://doi.org/10.1139/v79-346
. [all data]
Paulson and Henchman, 1984
Paulson, J.F.; Henchman, M.J.,
NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ionic Processes in the Gas Phase, Series C, M. A. Almoster - Ferreira, ed(s)., Reidel, Boston, 1984, 331. [all data]
Hiraoka, 1987
Hiraoka, K.,
A Determination of the Stabilities of H3+(H2)n with n=1-9 from Measurements of the gas-Phase Ion Equilibria H3+(H2)n-1 + H2 = H3+(H2)n,
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Beuhler, Ehrenson, et al., 1983
Beuhler, R.J.; Ehrenson, S.; Friedman, L.,
Hydrogen Cluster Ion Equilibria,
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Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975, 2
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P.,
A Determination of the Stabilities of H5+, H7+, H9+, and H11+ from Measurement of the Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Hn+ + H2 = H(n + 2)+ (n = 3, 5, 7, 9),
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. [all data]
Bennett and Field, 1972
Bennett, S.L.; Field, F.H.,
Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. VII. The Hydrogen System,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 25, 8669, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00780a003
. [all data]
Okumura, Yeh, et al., 1990
Okumura, M.; Yeh, L.I.; Myers, J.D.; Lee, Y.T.,
Infrared Spectra of the Solvated Hydronium Ion: Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected H3O+.(H2O)n.(H2)m,
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. [all data]
Bushnell, Kemper, et al., 1994
Bushnell, J.E.; Kemper, P.R.; Bowers, M.T.,
Na+/K+(H2)1,2 clusters: experiment,
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. [all data]
Wu, 1979
Wu, C.H.,
Binding Energies of LiH2 and LiH2+ and the Ionization Potential of LiH2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 2, 783, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.438367
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Ptriple Triple point pressure T Temperature Tc Critical temperature Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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