Phosphine

• Formula: H₃P
• Molecular weight: 33.99758
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7803-51-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Trihydrogen phosphide; Hydrogen phosphide; Phosphorus trihydride; PH3; Phosphene; Phosphorus hydride; Fosforowodor; Gas-ex-B; Phosphorwasserstoff; Rcra waste number P096; UN 2199
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

H₂P^- +  =

By formula: H₂P^- + H⁺ = H₃P

(H₄P⁺ • 4) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 4H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 5H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • 2) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 2H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 3H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • 3) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 3H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 4H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • ) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 2H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

H₄P⁺ +  = (H₄P⁺ • )

By formula: H₄P⁺ + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

H₆P₃⁺ +  = (H₆P₃⁺ • )

By formula: H₆P₃⁺ + H₃P = (H₆P₃⁺ • H₃P)

H₅P₂⁺ +  = (H₅P₂⁺ • )

By formula: H₅P₂⁺ + H₃P = (H₅P₂⁺ • H₃P)

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₃P⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

H₂P^- +  =

By formula: H₂P^- + H⁺ = H₃P

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

H₄P⁺ +  = (H₄P⁺ • )

By formula: H₄P⁺ + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • ) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 2)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 2H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • 2) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 3)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 2H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 3H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • 3) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 4)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 3H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 4H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(H₄P⁺ • 4) +  = (H₄P⁺ • 5)

By formula: (H₄P⁺ • 4H₃P) + H₃P = (H₄P⁺ • 5H₃P)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

H₅P₂⁺ +  = (H₅P₂⁺ • )

By formula: H₅P₂⁺ + H₃P = (H₅P₂⁺ • H₃P)

H₆P₃⁺ +  = (H₆P₃⁺ • )

By formula: H₆P₃⁺ + H₃P = (H₆P₃⁺ • H₃P)

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Spectrum

A digitized version of this spectrum is not currently available.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Clusius and Weigand, 1940
Clusius, K.; Weigand, K., Melting Curves of the Gases A, Kr, Xe, CH4, CH3D, CD4, C2H4, C2H6, COS, and PH3 to 200 Atmospheres Pressure. The Chane of Volume on Melting, Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. B, 1940, 46, 1-37. [all data]

Frank and Clusius, 1939
Frank, A.; Clusius, K., Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B, 1939, 42, 395. [all data]

Stephenson and Giauque, 1937
Stephenson, C.C.; Giauque, W.F., A Test of the Third Law of Thermodynamics by Means of Two Crystalline Forms of Phosphine. The Heat Capacity, Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Phosphine. Entropy of the Gas, J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 2, 149, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749994 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Ervin and Lineberger, 2005
Ervin, K.M.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron spectroscopy of phosphorus hydride anions, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 19, 194303, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1881153 . [all data]

Curtiss, Raghavachari, et al., 1991
Curtiss, L.A.; Raghavachari, K.; Trucks, G.W.; Pople, J.A., Gaussian-2 Theory for Molecular Energies of First- and Second-row Compounds, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 11, 7221, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.460205 . [all data]

Ricca and Bauschlicher, 1998
Ricca, A.; Bauschlicher, C.W., Jr., Accurate Heats of Formation for PHn, PHn+, and PHn-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1998, 285, 5-6, 455, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01468-1 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Halmann and Platzner, 1969
Halmann, M.; Platzner, I., Negative Ions Produced by Electron Capture in Phosphine, J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 12, 4376, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100846a062 . [all data]

Ebinghaus, Kraus, et al., 1964
Ebinghaus, H.; Kraus, K.; Neuert, H.; Muller-Duysing, W., Negative Ionen durch Elecktronenresonanzeinfang in PH₃, AsH₃, und SiH₄, Z. Naturfor., 1964, 19A, 732. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Long and Franklin, 1974
Long, J.W.; Franklin, J.L., Ion - Solvation Reactions of Phosphine, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 8, 2320, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00815a003 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ruede, Troxler, et al., 1993
Ruede, R.; Troxler, H.; Beglinger, C.; Jungen, M., The dissociation energies of the positive ions NH₃⁺, NF₃⁺, PH₃⁺, PF₃⁺ and PCl₃⁺, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 203, 477. [all data]

Berkowitz, Curtiss, et al., 1986
Berkowitz, J.; Curtiss, L.; Gibson, S.; Greene, J.; Hillhouse, G.; Pople, J., Photoionization mass spectrometric study and Ab initio calculation of ionization and bonding in P-H compounds. Heats of formation, bond energies, and the 3B₁-1A1 separation in PH₂⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 375. [all data]

Maripuu, Reineck, et al., 1983
Maripuu, R.; Reineck, I.; Agren, H.; Nian-Zu, W.; Rong, J.; Veenhuizen, H.; Al-Shamma, S.; Karlsson, L.; Siegbahn, K., The HeI excited electron spectrum of phosphine. An experimental and theoretical study, Mol. Phys., 1983, 48, 1255. [all data]

Hodges, McDonnell, et al., 1980
Hodges, R.V.; McDonnell, T.J.; Beauchamp, J.L., Properties reactions of trimethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and trimethyl phosphorothionate by ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1327. [all data]

Morrison and Traeger, 1973
Morrison, J.D.; Traeger, J.C., Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. II. NH₃ and PH₃, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 277. [all data]

Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C., Photoelectron spectra and valence shell orbital structures of groups V VI hydrides, Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 326, 181. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1972
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Photoelectron spectroscopy and the geometry of the phosphine and phosphorous trifluoride molecular ions, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 711. [all data]

Branton, Frost, et al., 1970
Branton, G.R.; Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Stenhouse, I.A., The photoelectron spectra of phosphine and arsine, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 1. [all data]

McAllister and Lossing, 1969
McAllister, T.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLI. Ionization potential and heat of formation of PH₂ radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 2996. [all data]

Frost, McDowell, et al., 1968
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Sandhu, J.S.; Vroom, D.A., 584 A photo-electron spectra of Hg, NH₃, PH₃, and SF₆, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1968, 4, 781. [all data]

Fehlner and Callen, 1968
Fehlner, T.P.; Callen, R.B., Mass spectrometry of phosphorus hydrides, Advan. Chem. Ser., 1968, 72, 181. [all data]

Halmann and Platzner, 1967
Halmann, M.; Platzner, I., Ion-molecule reactions of phosphine in the mass spectrometer, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 4522. [all data]

Price and Passmore, 1963
Price, W.C.; Passmore, T.R., [Title unavailable], Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1963, 35, 232. [all data]

Cowley, Kemp, et al., 1982
Cowley, A.H.; Kemp, R.A.; Lattman, M.; McKee, M.L., Lewis base behavior of methylated and fluorinated phosphines. A photoelectron spectroscopic investigation, Inorg. Chem., 1982, 21, 85. [all data]

Demuth, 1977
Demuth, R., Photoelektronenspektren von einigen Trihalogensilylphosphanen und -arsanen X₃SiER₂ (X = F, Cl; E = N, P, As; R = H, CH₃), Z. Naturforsch. B:, 1977, 32, 1252. [all data]

Saalfeld and Svec, 1963
Saalfeld, F.E.; Svec, H.J., The mass spectra of volatile hydrides. I. The monoelemental hydrides of the group IVB and VB elements, Inorg. Chem., 1963, 2, 46. [all data]

Saalfeld and Svec, 1964
Saalfeld, F.E.; Svec, H.J., Mass spectra of volatile hydrides. III. Silylphosphine, Inorg. Chem., 1964, 3, 1442. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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