Pentanal

• Formula: C₅H₁₀O
• Molecular weight: 86.1323
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h5H,2-4H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 110-62-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Valeraldehyde; n-Pentanal; n-Valeraldehyde; Valeral; Valerianic aldehyde; Valeric acid aldehyde; Valeric aldehyde; Valeryl aldehyde; n-C4H9CHO; Amyl aldehyde; Butyl formal; UN 2058; n-Valeric aldehyde; 1-Pentanal; Pentan-1-al; NSC 35404; Pentylaldehyde; pentanal (valeraldehyde); valderaldehyde
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

=  + 

By formula: C₅H₁₂O = C₅H₁₀O + H₂

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₅H₁₀O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• VAPOR (20 MICROLITER AT 150 C); PERKIN-ELMER 180; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2-3 CM^-1 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Connett, 1970
Connett, J.E., Chemical equilibria. Part III. Dehydrogenation of pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, and 3-methylbutan-2-ol, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1970, 1284-1286. [all data]

Korkhov, D'yakova, et al., 1983
Korkhov, A.D.; D'yakova, G.N.; Vasil'ev, I.A., Heat capacity of pivalaldehyde and valeraldehyde, Fiz.-khim. Aspekty Razrab. Neftekhim. Protsessov, 1983, M. [all data]

D'yakova and Vasil'ev, 1982
D'yakova, G.N.; Vasil'ev, I.A., Thermodynamic properties of aliphatic aldehydes, 1982, Termodin. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Vasil'ev and Petrov, 1984
Vasil'ev, I.A.; Petrov, V.M., Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen-containing Organic Compounds, Handbook, Soedinenii: Khimya, Leningrad, p 240, 1984. [all data]

Anonymous, 1958
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Ohio State Univ., 1958. [all data]

Simon, 1929
Simon, I., Freezing Temperature of Organic Compounds. XI. Compounds in C5 and C6., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1929, 38, 47-70. [all data]

Anselme and Teja, 1990
Anselme, M.J.; Teja, A.S., The critical properties of rapidly reacting substances, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 128-32. [all data]

Teja and Rosenthal, 1990
Teja, A.S.; Rosenthal, D.J., The Critical Pressures and Temperatures of Twelve Substances Using A Low Residence Time Flow Apparatus, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 133-7. [all data]

Antosik, Fras, et al., 2002
Antosik, Maria; Fras, Zbigniew; Malanowski, Stanislaw K., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in 2-Ethoxyethanol + Valeraldehyde and + Propyl Ether at 313.15 to 333.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 4, 757-760, https://doi.org/10.1021/je000275u . [all data]

Verevkin, Krasnykh, et al., 2003
Verevkin, Sergey P.; Krasnykh, Eugen L.; Vasiltsova, Tatiana V.; Koutek, Bohumir; Doubsky, Jan; Heintz, Andreas, Vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of a series of the linear aliphatic aldehydes, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2003, 206, 1-2, 331-339, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00035-9 . [all data]

Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995
Chickos, James S.; Hosseini, Sarah; Hesse, Donald G., Determination of vaporization enthalpies of simple organic molecules by correlations of changes in gas chromatographic net retention times, Thermochimica Acta, 1995, 249, 41-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)90670-3 . [all data]

D'yakova, Korichev, et al., 1981
D'yakova, G.N.; Korichev, G.L.; Korkhova, A.D.; Vasil'eva, T.F.; Vasil'ev, I.A., Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1981, 54, 1644. [all data]

Markovnik, Sachek, et al., 1979
Markovnik, V.S.; Sachek, A.I.; Peshchenko, A.D.; Shvaro, O.V.; Andreevskii, D.N.; Olizarevich, N.M., Termodin. Org. Soedin., 1979, 107. [all data]

Vasil'ev and Lebedev, 1998
Vasil'ev, V.G.; Lebedev, B.V., Thermodynamic Properties of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Polyaldehydes: Effect of Composition and Structure, Polym. Sci., Ser. A, 1998, 40, 5, 464. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Holmes, Fingas, et al., 1981
Holmes, J.L.; Fingas, M.; Lossing, F.P., Towards a general scheme for estimating the heats of formation of organic ions in the gas phase. Part I. Odd-electron cations, Can. J. Chem., 1981, 59, 80. [all data]

El-Sherbini, Allam, et al., 1981
El-Sherbini, T.M.; Allam, S.H.; Migahed, M.D.; Dawoud, A.M., Mass spectrometric investigation of aliphatic aldehydes, Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1981, 36, 1334. [all data]

Morgan, Derrick, et al., 1980
Morgan, R.P.; Derrick, P.J.; Loudon, A.G., Kinetics and mechanisms of the decompositions of the molecular ions of pentanal and its monomethyl- substituted homologues in the picosecond to microsecond time interval following field ionization, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1980, 306. [all data]

Ashmore and Burgess, 1978
Ashmore, F.S.; Burgess, A.R., Photoelectron spectra of the unbranched C₅-C₇ alkenes, aldehydes and ketones, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1978, 74, 734. [all data]

Holmes, Yuan, et al., 1977
Holmes, J.L.; Yuan, D.; Rye, R.T.B., Metastable ion studies VII-Loss of water from the molecular ion of cyclopentanol, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 254. [all data]

Hernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977
Hernandez, R.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectroscopie de photoelectrons d'aldehydes et de cetones aliphatiques, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 333. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Gas-phase heats of formation of keto and enol ions of carbonyl compounds., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1591. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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