Water

Formula: H₂O
Molecular weight: 18.0153
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 7732-18-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
Other names: Water vapor; Distilled water; Ice; H2O; Dihydrogen oxide; steam; Tritiotope
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-57.7978 ± 0.0096	kcal/mol	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Δ_fH°_gas	-57.799	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in March, 1979
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	45.1326 ± 0.0024	cal/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
S°_{gas,1 bar}	45.134	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K)	500. to 1700.	1700. to 6000.
A	7.192161	10.02970
B	1.633011	2.060720
C	1.623670	-0.358456
D	-0.605755	0.023451
E	0.019632	-2.666740
F	-59.96200	-65.05251
G	53.39309	52.52890
H	-57.79790	-57.79790
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in March, 1979	Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-68.3150 ± 0.0096	kcal/mol	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Δ_fH°_liquid	-68.315	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in March, 1979
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	16.72 ± 0.007	cal/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{liquid,1 bar}	16.72	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

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Temperature (K)	298. to 500.
A	-48.66300
B	364.0750
C	-763.9610
D	591.4089
E	0.921445
F	-61.31640
G	-116.8060
H	-68.31511
Reference	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in March, 1979

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	373.17 ± 0.04	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_triple	0.0060	atm	N/A	Sato, Watanabe, et al., 1991	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.×10^-7 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	647. ± 2.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	217.75	atm	N/A	Sato, Watanabe, et al., 1991	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 atm; TRC
P_c	217.72	atm	N/A	Brunner, 1990	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.12 atm; TRC
P_c	217.58	atm	N/A	Morita, Sato, et al., 1989	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.25 atm; based on analysis of their obs. PVT and vapor pressure data some other data from literature; TRC
P_c	217.75	atm	N/A	Aleksandrov, 1986	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.30 atm; TRC
P_c	217.75	atm	N/A	Sifner, 1985	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	17.9	mol/l	N/A	Sato, Watanabe, et al., 1991	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	17.91	mol/l	N/A	Morita, Sato, et al., 1989	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.083 mol/l; based on analysis of obs. PVT and vapor pressure data; TRC
ρ_c	17.9	mol/l	N/A	Aleksandrov, 1986	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	17.9	mol/l	N/A	Sifner, 1985	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
379. to 573.	3.55388	643.748	-198.043	Liu and Lindsay, 1970	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
273. to 303.	5.39650	1838.675	-31.737	Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
304. to 333.	5.19818	1733.926	-39.485	Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
334. to 363.	5.0711	1659.793	-45.854	Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
344. to 373.	5.07783	1663.125	-45.622	Bridgeman and Aldrich, 1964	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
293. to 343.	6.20392	2354.731	7.559	Gubkov, Fermor, et al., 1964	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
255.9 to 373.	4.6486	1435.264	-64.848	Stull, 1947	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cl^- + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 5.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 2.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.4	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
9.2	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
8.3	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Δ_rH°	27.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2O)2H+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976, Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977; M
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.6	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.4	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rG°	20.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H₃O⁺ + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 7.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.6	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 5.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
5.4	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
5.0	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
5.0	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.8	250.	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.8	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₂^- + H₂O = (NO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO2-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	8.1 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	Endo	Paulson and Dale, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.1 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
6.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: I^- + H₂O = (I^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	16.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (I^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	17.0	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.6 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.90 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	11.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
5.8	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	414.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M

C₁₆H₃₄OP₂Ru (solution) + (solution) = C₂₈H₄₃NP₂Ru (solution) + Water (solution)

By formula: C₁₆H₃₄OP₂Ru (solution) + C₁₂H₁₁N (solution) = C₂₈H₄₃NP₂Ru (solution) + H₂O (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.2 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	EqS	Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987	solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; In a series of reactions involving similar ruthenium complexes, the reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the entropy values are expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987. For this reaction, however a van't Hoff plot could be used. Temperature range: 293-328 K; MS
Δ_rH°	4.71	kcal/mol	EqS	Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987	solvent: Benzene; The reaction enthalpy was identified with the reaction Gibbs energy, since the the entropy is expected to be small Bryndza, Fong, et al., 1987; MS

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.40 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	15.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; ion given as C2H3COO- in paper by error; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.52	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.3 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	8.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

C₂H₅NaO (cr) + 0.5( • 1100 Water ) (solution) = (solution) + 0.5 (solution)

By formula: C₂H₅NaO (cr) + 0.5(H₂O₄S • 1100H₂O) (solution) = C₂H₆O (solution) + 0.5Na₂O₄S (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-28.30 ± 0.91	kcal/mol	RSC	Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974	solvent: Sulphuric acid aqueous solution; The reaction enthalpy relies on -2.53 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of solution of EtOH(l) and on 9.97±0.04 for the enthalpy of solution of Na2SO4(cr) Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974. A value of -117.3 ± 1.4 kcal/mol was derived in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974 for the enthalpy of formation. However, this value is affected by a calculation error. Also, the authors have not accounted for the acid dilution (this correction could not be made in the present database, due to lack of information). These problems were also noted in the data compilations Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1980 and Wagman, Evans W.H., et al., 1982, where the values quoted for the enthalpy of formation, which rely on the experimental data reported in Blanchard, Joly, et al., 1974, are -98.0 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and -98.90 kcal/mol, respectively. See also comments in Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995; MS

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: K⁺ + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.4 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
0.4	840.	MS	Chupka, 1959	gas phase; Knudsen cell, 840+-50K; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

CN^- + Water = (CN^- • Water )

By formula: CN^- + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,B,M,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	18.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.1 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Br^- + H₂O = (Br^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.70 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; FLAME SOURCE, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.8	kcal/mol	TDAs	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

CH₂N⁺ + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	29.6	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.0	300.	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.0 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

HO^- + Water = (HO^- • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28. ± 7.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	18.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (F^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.20 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δ_rG°	11.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.84	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

O₃P^- + Water = (O₃P^- • Water )

By formula: O₃P^- + H₂O = (O₃P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B,M,M
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B
Δ_rG°	6.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Na⁺ + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	19.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	22.7 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.6 (+1.8,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	8.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Rb⁺ + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	16.0	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	14.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	301.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M
5.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

C₄H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	344.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.3	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₄H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	382.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	18.	kcal/mol	CID	Hierl and Paulson, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	23.	kcal/mol	CID	DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
23.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	12.621 ± 0.002	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	165.	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	157.7	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.65 ± 0.05	EI	Snow and Thomas, 1990	LL
12.6188 ± 0.0009	PI	Page, Larkin, et al., 1988	LL
12.6223 ± 0.0003	PE	Reutt, Wang, et al., 1986	LBLHLM
12.6 ± 0.1	EI	Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
12.63 ± 0.03	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
12.612	S	Gurtler, Saile, et al., 1977	LLK
12.627	PE	Botter and Carlier, 1977	LLK
12.616	PE	Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976	LLK
12.624	PE	Dixon, Duxbury, et al., 1976	LLK
12.615 ± 0.001	PE	Karlsson, Mattson, et al., 1975	LLK
12.6	PE	Debies and Rabalais, 1975	LLK
12.6	PI	Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974	LLK
12.615 ± 0.001	PE	Bergmark, Karlsson, et al., 1974	LLK
12.619	PE	Robin and Kuebler, 1973	LLK
12.7	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
12.619 ± 0.006	S	Katayama, Huffman, et al., 1973	LLK
12.62	PE	Potts and Price, 1972	LLK
12.624	PE	Asbrink and Rabalais, 1971	LLK
12.65	CI	Cermak, 1968	RDSH
12.62 ± 0.01	PE	Brundle and Turner, 1968	RDSH
12.59 ± 0.01	PI	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966	RDSH
12.614 ± 0.005	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
12.597 ± 0.010	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
12.60 ± 0.01	EI	Frost and McDowell, 1958	RDSH
12.62 ± 0.02	S	Price, 1936	RDSH
12.62	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	Vertical value; LLK
11.8	PE	Campbell, Liesegang, et al., 1979	Vertical value; LLK
12.61	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
12.61	PE	Wieczorek, Koenig, et al., 1975	Vertical value; LLK
12.60 ± 0.02	PE	Banna and Shirley, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
12.62	PE	Schweig and Thiel, 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
H⁺	16.95 ± 0.05	OH	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
H⁺	18.7 ± 0.05	OH(X₂P)	EI	Appell and Durup, 1973	LLK
H⁺	16.0 ± 0.3	OH^-	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH
H⁺	19.6 ± 0.25	OH	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH
HO⁺	18.08 ± 0.05	H	EI	Lefaivre and Marmet, 1978	LLK
HO⁺	18.115 ± 0.008	H	PI	McCulloh, 1976	LLK
HO⁺	18.2	H	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
HO⁺	18.05	H	PI	Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1966	RDSH
HO⁺	18.2 ± 0.1	H	EI	Foner and Hudson, 1956	RDSH
H₂⁺	20.7 ± 0.4	O	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	19.0	H₂	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
O⁺	26.8	2H	EI	Morrison and Traeger, 1973	LLK
O⁺	19.0 ± 0.2	H₂	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	26.5 ± 0.3	2H?	EI	Ehrhardt and Kresling, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	29.15 ± 0.25	2H?	EI	Cottin, 1959	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

HO^- + = Water

By formula: HO^- + H⁺ = H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	390.330 ± 0.010	kcal/mol	D-EA	Smith, Kim, et al., 1997	gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δ_rH°	387.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Check, Faust, et al., 2001	gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	383.740 ± 0.060	kcal/mol	H-TS	Smith, Kim, et al., 1997	gas phase; Given: 14741.02(3) cm-1. dHacid(0K) = 389.11±0.014; B
Δ_rG°	381.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Check, Faust, et al., 2001	gas phase; MnBr3-; ; ΔS(EA)=1.7; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ag⁺ + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Ag⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Al⁺ + H₂O = (Al⁺ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
24.9 (+3.6,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 2H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.1 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.2 (+1.8,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Al⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Al⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.5 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Al+ (3s2); M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Bi⁺ + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Bi⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Bi⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1974	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Br^- + H₂O = (Br^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.70 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; FLAME SOURCE, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.8	kcal/mol	TDAs	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.1 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.30 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Δ_rH°	2.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.6 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.8 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 14H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.2 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 15H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-0.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (Br^- • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (Br^- • 16H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.3 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CF₃⁺ + H₂O = (CF₃⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Bennet and Field, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Bennet and Field, 1972	gas phase; M

CF₃O^- + Water = CH₂F₃O₂^-

By formula: CF₃O^- + H₂O = CH₂F₃O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Amelynck, Van Bavel, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CF₃O₃S^- + Water = (CF₃O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: CF₃O₃S^- + H₂O = (CF₃O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CF₃O₃S^- • Water ) + Water = (CF₃O₃S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CF₃O₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CF₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CHO₂^- + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CHO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CHO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CHO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CHO₃^- + Water = CH₃O₄^-

By formula: CHO₃^- + H₂O = CH₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.70 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

(CH₂N⁺ • ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • CHN) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O • CHN)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CH₂N⁺ + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rH°	29.6	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.0	300.	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O • CHN)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₂N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₂N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CH₂NO₅^- + Water + = CH₄NO₆^-

By formula: CH₂NO₅^- + H₂O + CH₂O₂ = CH₄NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

CH₂O₂S^- + 2 Water = CH₄O₃S^-

By formula: CH₂O₂S^- + 2H₂O = CH₄O₃S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Surber and Sanov, 2002	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B

CH₂O₄^- + 2 Water = CH₄O₅^-

By formula: CH₂O₄^- + 2H₂O = CH₄O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.60 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CH₃O⁺ + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Δ_rH°	27.9	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2O)2H+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976, Wolf, Staley, et al., 1977; M
Δ_rH°	28.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.6	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	28.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.4	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rG°	20.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)2H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rH°	17.0	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1	kcal/mol	FA	Bohme, Mackay, et al., 1979	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)3H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Fehsenfeld, Dotan, et al., 1978, Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₃O^- • ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water • )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₃O^- • 2) + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₃O^- + Water = (CH₃O^- • Water )

By formula: CH₃O^- + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.3 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	DeTuri and Ervin, 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.4	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)H2O, DG>; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • Water • ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₃O^- • Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)2H2O; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.9	296.	FA	MacKay and Bohme, 1978	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(OH-)3H2O; Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986; M

(CH₃O^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₃O₃S^- + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: CH₃O₃S^- + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CH₃O₃S^- • Water ) + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(CH₃O₃S^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₃O₃S^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃O₃S^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃O₃S^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

CH₃O₄^- + 2 Water = CH₅O₅^-

By formula: CH₃O₄^- + 2H₂O = CH₅O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: CH₃S^- + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.70 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₃S^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₃S^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

CH₄NO⁺ + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₄NO⁺ + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₄NO⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₄NO⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₄NO⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₄NO⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

CH₄O₅^- + 3 Water = CH₆O₆^-

By formula: CH₄O₅^- + 3H₂O = CH₆O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

(CH₅O⁺ • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water • 4)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 4CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

CH₅O⁺ + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₅O⁺ + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	25.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water • 3) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.1	272.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water • 2) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.2	272.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water • ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₅O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (CH₅O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₅O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₅O₂^- + 2 Water = CH₇O₃^-

By formula: CH₅O₂^- + 2H₂O = CH₇O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.70 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

CH₅O₅^- + 3 Water = CH₇O₆^-

By formula: CH₅O₅^- + 3H₂O = CH₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

CH₅S⁺ + Water = (CH₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₅S⁺ + H₂O = (CH₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	476.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₆N⁺ + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CH₆N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (CH₆N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (CH₆N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.1	259.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₇O₃^- + 3 Water = CH₉O₄^-

By formula: CH₇O₃^- + 3H₂O = CH₉O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

CH₇O₆^- + 4 Water = CH₉O₇^-

By formula: CH₇O₆^- + 4H₂O = CH₉O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.40 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B

CH₉O₄^- + 4 Water = CH₁₁O₅^-

By formula: CH₉O₄^- + 4H₂O = CH₁₁O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

(CN^- • ) + Water = (CN^- • Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 2) + Water = (CN^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • 2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 3) + Water = (CN^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (CN^- • 3CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O • 3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

CN^- + Water = (CN^- • Water )

By formula: CN^- + H₂O = (CN^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.70 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,B,M,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	18.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Larson, Szulejko, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(CN^- • Water • ) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • Water • 2) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O • 2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O • 2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.9 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^- • 2 Water • ) + Water = (CN^- • 3 Water • )

By formula: (CN^- • 2H₂O • CHN) + H₂O = (CN^- • 3H₂O • CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

(CN^- • Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	18.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Stated EA is Vertical Detachment Energy, at 12 K. At 298 K, measured Vertical Detachment Energy = 5.50±0.10 eV; B,M
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Δ_rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Stated EA is Vertical Detachment Energy, at 12 K. At 298 K, measured Vertical Detachment Energy = 5.50±0.10 eV; B

(CN^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (CN^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (CN^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (CN^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CO₃^- + Water = CH₂O₄^-

By formula: CO₃^- + H₂O = CH₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	<38.50	kcal/mol	PDis	Smith, Lee, et al., 1978	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; B

CO₃^- + Water = (CO₃^- • Water )

By formula: CO₃^- + H₂O = (CO₃^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (CO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (CO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (CO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(CO₃^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (CO₃^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (CO₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (CO₃^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee, Lee, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₂Cl₃O₂^- + Water = (C₂Cl₃O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂Cl₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂Cl₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂F₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂F₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂F₃O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂F₃O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H^- + Water = (C₂H^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H^- + H₂O = (C₂H^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

C₂HCl₂O₂^- + Water = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HCl₂O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(C₂HCl₂O₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂HCl₂O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂HF₂O₂^- + Water = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HF₂O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(C₂HF₂O₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂HF₂O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂HF₂O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂HO₄^- + Water = (C₂HO₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₂HO₄^- + H₂O = (C₂HO₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂ClO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂ClO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂FO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂FO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂FO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₂F₃O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.3	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂IO₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂IO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₂IO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₂H₂N^- + Water = (C₂H₂N^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂N^- + H₂O = (C₂H₂N^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

C₂H₂O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₂O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	EI	Postma, Ruttink, et al., 1986	gas phase; based on AE(CH2CO+)H2O from (HOCH2)2CO+; M

C₂H₃O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₃O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson, Lau, et al., 1978	gas phase; forms CH3COOH2+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson, Lau, et al., 1978	gas phase; forms CH3COOH2+; M

C₂H₃O^- + Water = (C₂H₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O^- + H₂O = (C₂H₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₆H₁₁NO₃) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O • C₆H₁₁NO₃)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.40 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	15.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; ion given as C2H3COO- in paper by error; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.52	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.3 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.84	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₄F₃O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₄F₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
23.4	309.	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

C₂H₄N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.1 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CID	Honma, Sunderlin, et al., 1993	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
Δ_rH°	22.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.8	316.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0 ± 1.7	kcal/mol	CID	Honma, Sunderlin, et al., 1993	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₄NO₂^- + Water = C₂H₆NO₃^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₂^- + H₂O = C₂H₆NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.33 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Nieckarz, Atkins, et al., 2008	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₂H₄NO₅^- + Water + = C₂H₆NO₆^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₂H₆NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₂H₅F₂O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅F₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅F₂O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₂H₅F₃N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅F₃N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅F₃N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₂H₅O₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₅O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.8	334.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₅O₂⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	280.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₅O₄^- + 2 Water = C₂H₇O₅^-

By formula: C₂H₅O₄^- + 2H₂O = C₂H₇O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₆NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₆NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₆NO₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n, Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	38.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n, Entropy change is questionable; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	22.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • 2C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water • 3) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O • 3C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • 3C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₆O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974	gas phase; n; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	24.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

C₂H₇O₂^- + Water + = C₂H₉O₃^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₂^- + H₂O + CH₄O = C₂H₉O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₇O₅^- + 3 Water = C₂H₉O₆^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₅^- + 3H₂O = C₂H₉O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₇O₅S^- + 2 Water = C₂H₉O₆S^-

By formula: C₂H₇O₅S^- + 2H₂O = C₂H₉O₆S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₂H₇S⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇S⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

(C₂H₇S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₂H₇S⁺ + Water = (C₂H₇S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₇S⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₇S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₂H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	255.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

(C₂H₈N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₂H₈N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₂H₈N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau and Kebarle, 1981	gas phase; M

C₂H₈O₈S₂^-2 + 3 Water = C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₈O₈S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₉N⁺ + Water = (C₂H₉N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₂H₉N⁺ + H₂O = (C₂H₉N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₂H₉O₃^- + 2 Water + = C₂H₁₁O₄^-

By formula: C₂H₉O₃^- + 2H₂O + CH₄O = C₂H₁₁O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₀O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5 Water = C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₂O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6 Water = C₂H₁₆O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: C₂H₁₄O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = C₂H₁₆O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₃H₂F₃O^- + Water = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂F₃O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

C₃H₂F₃O^- + Water = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂F₃O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂F₃O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

C₃H₂N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₂NO₂^- + Water = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₂NO₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(C₃H₂NO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₂NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₂NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₃N₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃N₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃N₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃N₂^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₃H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₃H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₃O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₃O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₃O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₃O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₃H₄N₂⁺ + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₄N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₄N₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

(C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₄N₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1988	gas phase; M

C₃H₄O₅^- + Water + = C₃H₆O₆^-

By formula: C₃H₄O₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₃H₆O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₃H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

C₃H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Meza-Hojer, et al., 1979	gas phase; forms protonated propanoic acid; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Meza-Hojer, et al., 1979	gas phase; forms protonated propanoic acid; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

(C₃H₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977	gas phase; M

C₃H₅O^- + Water = (C₃H₅O^- • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₂^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₃^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₃H₅O₃^- + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₅O₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₅O₃^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₃H₅O₅^- + 2 Water = C₃H₇O₆^-

By formula: C₃H₅O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₃H₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₃H₆⁺ + Water = (C₃H₆⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₆⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₆⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	CID	Holmes, Mommers, et al., 1984	gas phase; structure confirmed as ion-dipole complex in Shao, Baer, et al., 1987; M

C₃H₆NO₂^- + Water = C₃H₈NO₃^-

By formula: C₃H₆NO₂^- + H₂O = C₃H₈NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₃H₇⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; Δ_rH inconsistent with (CH3)2CHOH2+ product; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; Δ_rH inconsistent with (CH3)2CHOH2+ product; M

C₃H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₃H₇O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₇O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₃H₇O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₇O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₇O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₇O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

C₃H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; unusually small Δ_rH and Δ_rS; M
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	13.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; unusually small Δ_rH and Δ_rS; M
Δ_rS°	12.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Beggs and Field, 1971	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉O⁺ • 6 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 7 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	347.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	446.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	418.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.1 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wojtyniak, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wojtyniak, 1986	gas phase; M

(C₃H₉Si⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₉Si⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + Water = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.2	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water • 2)

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2C₃H₉N) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O • 2C₃H₉N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O • C₃H₉N) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₃H₉N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.5	225.	PHPMS	El-Shall, Daly, et al., 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	254.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, attributed to MeNH3+.4H2O by error in footnote; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₃H₁₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₁O₃^- + Water + 2 = C₃H₁₃O₄^-

By formula: C₃H₁₁O₃^- + H₂O + 2CH₄O = C₃H₁₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner(Mautner), 1986	gas phase; B

C₄H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₄H₃O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₃O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₃O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₃O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄N^- + H₂O = (C₄H₄N^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₄N^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₄N^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

C₄H₄O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₄O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₄O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₄S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₄S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₄S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₄S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₅N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅N⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₅N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₅N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₅N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₅N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₅O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	382.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

C₄H₅O₄^- + Water = (C₄H₅O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅O₄^- + H₂O = (C₄H₅O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₄H₅O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₅O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₅O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₅O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₄H₅O₅^- + 2 Water = C₄H₇O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₅O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₄H₇O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₄H₅S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₅S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	344.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Ross, et al., 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<; M

(C₄H₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Nicol, Sunner, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₇N₂O₃^- + Water = C₄H₉N₂O₄^-

By formula: C₄H₇N₂O₃^- + H₂O = C₄H₉N₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.30 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₄H₇O₂^- + Water = C₄H₉O₃^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H₂O = C₄H₉O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₄H₇O₂^- + H₂O = (C₄H₇O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	514.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₇O₄^- + Water + 2 Water = C₄H₉O₅^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₄^- + H₂O + 2H₂O = C₄H₉O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.80 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.18	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₇O₅^- + 2 Water = C₄H₉O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₇O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₄H₉O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₄H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₈S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₈S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₈S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₈S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; Δ_rH<; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 2H2O; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 2H2O; M

(C₄H₉⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 3	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 3H2O; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 3	gas phase; may form ((CH3)3COH2+) 3H2O; M

C₄H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₉O^- + Water = (C₄H₉O^- • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + H₂O = (C₄H₉O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	23.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	15.0 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.3	505.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₉O₃^- + 3 Water = C₄H₁₁O₄^-

By formula: C₄H₉O₃^- + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₁O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₄H₉O₅^- + Water + 3 Water = C₄H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₄H₉O₅^- + H₂O + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.10 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.91	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₉S⁺ + Water = (C₄H₉S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₉S⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₉S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₉S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₉S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₉S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₉S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.4	268.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water • 2) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water • 2) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • 2)

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • 2C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	225.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water • ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water • )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	225.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₄H₁₁O₂⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₄H₁₁O₄^- + 3 Water = C₄H₁₃O₅^-

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₄^- + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₄H₁₁O₆^- + Water + 3 Water = C₄H₁₃O₇^-

By formula: C₄H₁₁O₆^- + H₂O + 3H₂O = C₄H₁₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.44	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ + Water = (C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₄H₁₃N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅^- + H₂O = (C₅H₅^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₅^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₅^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988, 2	gas phase; M

C₅H₅ClN⁺ + Water = (C₅H₅ClN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅ClN⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₅ClN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₅N₂O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₅H₆N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₅H₆O₄^-2 + Water = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₅H₆O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₅H₆O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₆O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

C₅H₇O₄^- + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₅H₇O₄^- + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₅H₇O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₅H₇O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₇O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₇O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₅H₇O₄^-2 + Water = C₅H₉O₅^-

By formula: C₅H₇O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₅H₉O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₈NO₂^- + Water = C₅H₁₀NO₃^-

By formula: C₅H₈NO₂^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₀NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.60 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₉N₂O₃^- + Water = C₅H₁₁N₂O₄^-

By formula: C₅H₉N₂O₃^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₁N₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.40 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.0	284.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₅H₉O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₉O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₉O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	281.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₅H₉O₅^- + 2 Water = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₅H₉O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₉O₅^- + 2 Water = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

By formula: C₅H₉O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₅H₁₁O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₀NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	36.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₅H₁₀NO₂^- + Water = C₅H₁₂NO₃^-

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₂NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

+ Water = C₅H₁₂NO₃S^-

By formula: C₅H₁₀NO₂S^- + H₂O = C₅H₁₂NO₃S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₅H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

(C₅H₁₁O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Takimoto, et al., 1987	gas phase; M

C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₂NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Field, 1974	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₅H₁₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² + Water = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₅H₁₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆F₆^- + Water = C₆H₂F₆O^-

By formula: C₆F₆^- + H₂O = C₆H₂F₆O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	5.30	kcal/mol	N/A	Eustis, Wang, et al., 2007	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.78±0.02 eV. EA is not adiabatic, just threshhold; B

C₆H₂F₆O^- + 2 Water = C₆H₄F₆O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₂F₆O^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₄F₆O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.46	kcal/mol	N/A	Eustis, Wang, et al., 2007	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.93±0.03 eV. EA is not adiabatic, just threshhold; B

C₆H₅NO₂^- + Water = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅NO₂^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.50 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

(C₆H₅NO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.40 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

C₆H₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₅N₂⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅O^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

+ Water = C₆H₇O₂^-

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + H₂O = C₆H₇O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.2 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + H₂O = (C₆H₅S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ Water = C₆H₇OS^-

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + H₂O = C₆H₇OS^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.9	436.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.8	443.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆ClO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆ClO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆ClO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	453.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₆NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₆NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.8	427.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction(H3O+)H2O, Δ_rH<; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₆H₇ClN⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇ClN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇ClN⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇ClN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₇FN⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇FN⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇FN⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇FN⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.9	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇O₄S^- + 2 Water = C₆H₉O₅S^-

By formula: C₆H₇O₄S^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₉O₅S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₆H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₈N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.6	434.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₈NO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.4	400.	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆H₈NO⁺ + Water = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₈NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₈O₄^-2 + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₆H₈O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₈O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.4	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring protonated; M

C₆H₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.4	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₉O₄^- + Water = (C₆H₉O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₆H₉O₄^- + H₂O = (C₆H₉O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₆H₉O₄^- • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₉O₄^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₉O₄^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₉O₄^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₉O₄^-2 + Water = C₆H₁₁O₅^-

By formula: C₆H₉O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₆H₁₁O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₁O₅^- + 2 Water = C₆H₁₃O₆^-

By formula: C₆H₁₁O₅^- + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₃O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₁O₆^- + 2 Water + 2 Water = C₆H₁₃O₇^-

By formula: C₆H₁₁O₆^- + 2H₂O + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.10 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.78	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₂N₃O₄⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₃N₂O₂^- + Water = C₆H₁₅N₂O₃^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃N₂O₂^- + H₂O = C₆H₁₅N₂O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₃N₄O₂^- + Water = C₆H₁₅N₄O₃^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃N₄O₂^- + H₂O = C₆H₁₅N₄O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₃O₇^- + 2 Water + 2 Water = C₆H₁₅O₈^-

By formula: C₆H₁₃O₇^- + 2H₂O + 2H₂O = C₆H₁₅O₈^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.10 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.35	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅Ge⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Stone and Wytenberg, 1987	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅N₂O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅O⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅O⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	234.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • C₆H₁₄O₃) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₁₄O₃)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.8	257.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1994	gas phase; DG<=, Δ_rH<=, (Δ_rS); M

C₆H₁₅S⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₅S⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₅S⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₅S⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₆N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₆N⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ + Water = (C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₆H₁₇N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² + Water = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₆H₁₈N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: C₇H₅O₂^- + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₅O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₅O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₅O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

C₇H₆N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₆N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₆N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₆N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₇H₆NO⁺ + Water = (C₇H₆NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₆NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₆NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	426.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₇F₃N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇F₃N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇F₃N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇F₃N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₇N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₇O₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; data from graph; M

C₇H₇O₃⁺ + Water = (C₇H₇O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₇O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₇O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	452.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	454.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	447.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₉O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₉O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₉O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.4	447.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₀N⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.0	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₇H₁₀NO⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₀NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.8	433.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.0 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₀O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Davidson, Sunner J., et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

(C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	269.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + Water = (C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + Water = C₇H₁₃O₅^-

By formula: C₇H₁₁O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₇H₁₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₅O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₇H₁₇O₄S^- + 2 Water = C₇H₁₉O₅S^-

By formula: C₇H₁₇O₄S^- + 2H₂O = C₇H₁₉O₅S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₇H₁₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₇H₂₂⁺² + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₇H₂₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₇H₂₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₄O₄^- + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₈H₄O₄^- + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₄O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₅O₄^- + Water = (C₈H₅O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₈H₅O₄^- + H₂O = (C₈H₅O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₅O₄^-2 + Water = C₈H₇O₅^-

By formula: C₈H₅O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₈H₇O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

C₈H₁₀O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₈H₁₂O₈^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₀O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₈H₁₂O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	455.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	453.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₁O⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₁O⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₁O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.6	455.	PHPMS	Martinsen and Buttrill, 1978	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	434.	PHPMS	Lau, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, ring to N proton shift on hydration; M

C₈H₁₂N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Buttrill, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Buttrill, 1983	gas phase; M

C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.7 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.1 ± 4.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Ding, Wang, et al., 1998	gas phase; Affinity is EA difference from next lower solvated ion.; B

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

(C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₁₂O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B,M

C₈H₁₂O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₈H₁₄O₉^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₂O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₈H₁₄O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₃O₄^-2 + Water = C₈H₁₅O₅^-

By formula: C₈H₁₃O₄^-2 + H₂O = C₈H₁₅O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₄O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₈H₁₆O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₈H₁₄O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₈H₁₆O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₅O₈^- + 3 Water + Water = C₈H₁₇O₉^-

By formula: C₈H₁₅O₈^- + 3H₂O + H₂O = C₈H₁₇O₉^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	0.64	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B

C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ + Water = (C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₁₈N₃O₃⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₀N⁺ + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₀N⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₀N⁺ • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₀N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ + Water = (C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₈H₂₁N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₈H₂₂N₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₀NO₂^- + Water = C₉H₁₂NO₃^-

By formula: C₉H₁₀NO₂^- + H₂O = C₉H₁₂NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₁O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	12.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Field, 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₉H₁₂NO⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₂NO⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₂NO⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₂NO⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₄N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₄N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.3	394.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; (H), Δ_rS should be 27.15 cal/mol*K; M

C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₁₄O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₀O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₉H₂₂O₈^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₀O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₉H₂₂O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₉H₂₂N⁺ + Water = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₉H₂₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₉H₂₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₂O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₉H₂₄O₉^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₂O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₉H₂₄O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² + Water = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₉H₂₄N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

C₉H₂₄O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₉H₂₆O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₉H₂₄O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₉H₂₆O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₆O₆S₂^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₈O₇S₂^-2 + 2 Water = C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₈O₇S₂^-2 + 2H₂O = C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 3 Water = C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₆O₄^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- + Water = (C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- + H₂O = (C₁₀H₁₇O₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₁₉N₅O₁₃P₂^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₂₁N₅O₁₄P₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₅O₁₃P₂^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₂₁N₅O₁₄P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ + Water = (C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₁O₅⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₂O₇^-2 + 4 Water = C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₂O₇^-2 + 4H₂O = C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2 + 5 Water = C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₄O₈^-2 + 5H₂O = C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ + Water = (C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₅N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • Water )

By formula: C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.4	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5 Water ) + Water = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 6 Water )

By formula: (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (C₁₀H₂₆N₂⁺² • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2 + 6 Water = C₁₀H₂₈O₁₀^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₆O₉^-2 + 6H₂O = C₁₀H₂₈O₁₀^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

C₁₀H₂₇N₅O₁₇P₂^-2 + 8 Water = C₁₀H₂₉N₅O₁₈P₂^-2

By formula: C₁₀H₂₇N₅O₁₇P₂^-2 + 8H₂O = C₁₀H₂₉N₅O₁₈P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

+ Water = C₁₁H₁₃N₂O₃^-

By formula: C₁₁H₁₁N₂O₂^- + H₂O = C₁₁H₁₃N₂O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.80 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.90 ± 0.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Wincel, 2008	gas phase; B

C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ + Water = (C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₁H₁₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₅O₆⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sharma and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₈N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ + Water = (C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₂H₂₉N₂⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

C₁₃H₉N^- + Water = C₁₃H₁₁NO^-

By formula: C₁₃H₉N^- + H₂O = C₁₃H₁₁NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Kokubo, Ando, et al., 2004	gas phase; B

C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ + Water = (C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ • Water )

By formula: C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ + H₂O = (C₁₃H₂₂N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with steric hindrance in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner M. and Sieck, 1983	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ca⁺ + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kochanski and Constantin, 1987	gas phase; M

(Ca⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ca⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Ca⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Ca⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Ca⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	11.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cl^- + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 5.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • HCl) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986	gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	10.6 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.90 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	11.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	6.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	8.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	8.8 ± 0.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Cl^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B
Δ_rH°	6.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	8.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka and Mizuse, 1987	gas phase; Estimated entropy; single temperature measurement; B

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Cl^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H2O/SO2); M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2O₂S) + H₂O = (Cl^- • H₂O • 2O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; B

ClO₂^- + Water = (ClO₂^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₂^- + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.20 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	Ther	Tschurl and Boesl, 2007	gas phase; affinity is difference from ClO2- EA, corrected for calculated neutral BE of 0.09 eV; B
Δ_rH°	16.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(ClO₂^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₂^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(ClO₂^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (ClO₂^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (ClO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

ClO₃^- + Water = (ClO₃^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₃^- + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

(ClO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

ClO₃^- + Water = (ClO₃^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₃^- + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(ClO₃^- • Water ) + Water = (ClO₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (ClO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (ClO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

ClO₄^- + Water = (ClO₄^- • Water )

By formula: ClO₄^- + H₂O = (ClO₄^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Co⁺ + H₂O = (Co⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	40.1	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
38.5 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.9	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
38.7 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.9 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Co⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Co⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.7	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Co⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Co⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Co⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Co⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cr⁺ + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.8 (+2.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
33.9 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cr⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.2 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cs⁺ + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	14.3	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	19.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	12.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.6	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	16.6	cal/mol*K	DT	McKnight and Sawina, 1972	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (Cs⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electeric fields; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Cu⁺ + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Δ_rH°	35. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	35. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
37.5 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Cu+ from laser desorption; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.6 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.6 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.9 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Cu⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Holland and Castleman, 1982	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: F^- + H₂O = (F^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.40 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Weis, Kemper, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	23.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.90 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Weis, Kemper, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	18.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (F^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.20 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δ_rG°	11.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.4 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.90 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.9 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.30 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	30.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; 0.4; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.8 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.3 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (F^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (F^- • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Fe⁺ + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	32.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.6 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
39.2 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
18.2 (+1.0,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Fe⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.6 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H^- + H₂O = (H^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Miller, Leopold, et al., 1985	gas phase; EA given is Vertical Detachment Energy. Est. Adiabatic: 1.40 eV, 32.3 kcal/mol; B
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	Ther	Paulson and Henchman, 1984	gas phase; HOH..HO^- + H₂ ->. See also Griffiths and Harris, 1989; B,M
Δ_rH°	13.80	kcal/mol	CIDT	Paulson and Henchman, 1982	gas phase; B

HCaO⁺ + Water = (HCaO⁺ • Water )

By formula: HCaO⁺ + H₂O = (HCaO⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.4	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

HO^- + Water = (HO^- • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28. ± 7.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDEq	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	18.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(HO^- • Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	17.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.00	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 4 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 5 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 5 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 6 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 6 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 7 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; B

(HO^- • 7 Water ) + Water = (HO^- • 8 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: HO^- + H₂O = (HO^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.0 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	18.	kcal/mol	CID	Hierl and Paulson, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	23.	kcal/mol	CID	DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	15.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	18.	kcal/mol	CID	DePaz, Giardini, et al., 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	29.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.6	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rH°	14.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (HO^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (HO^- • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.9	245.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; deuterated; M

HOSr⁺ + Water = (HOSr⁺ • Water )

By formula: HOSr⁺ + H₂O = (HOSr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.9	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

(HO₄S^- • ) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • )

By formula: (HO₄S^- • HNO₃) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • HNO₃)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

HO₄S^- + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water )

By formula: HO₄S^- + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(HO₄S^- • Water ) + Water = (HO₄S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HO₄S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

(HO₄S^- • Water • 3) + Water = (HO₄S^- • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 3H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O • 3H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 2) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 2H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 2H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.3	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 3) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 3H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 3H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(HO₄S^- • 4) + Water = (HO₄S^- • Water • 4)

By formula: (HO₄S^- • 4H₂O₄S) + H₂O = (HO₄S^- • H₂O • 4H₂O₄S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

HS^- + Water = (HS^- • Water )

By formula: HS^- + H₂O = (HS^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	18.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B

(HS^- • Water ) + Water = (HS^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (HS^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (HS^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

(HS^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (HS^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (HS^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (HS^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M

H₂BrO₄^- + 2 Water = H₄BrO₅^-

By formula: H₂BrO₄^- + 2H₂O = H₄BrO₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₂IO₄^- + 2 Water = H₄IO₅^-

By formula: H₂IO₄^- + 2H₂O = H₄IO₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₂N₃O^- + 2 Water = H₄N₃O₂^-

By formula: H₂N₃O^- + 2H₂O = H₄N₃O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10. ± 93.	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 3.78±0.06 eV; B

H₂O⁺ + Water = (H₂O⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₂O⁺ + H₂O = (H₂O⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.	kcal/mol	PI	Ng, Trevor, et al., 1977	gas phase; Δ_rH>; M

H₂O₂^- + 2 Water = H₄O₃^-

By formula: H₂O₂^- + 2H₂O = H₄O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	LPES	Clements, Luong, et al., 2001	gas phase; B

H₂O₃^- + + Water = C₅H₇NO₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₅H₅N + H₂O = C₅H₇NO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₂O₃^- + + Water = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

By formula: H₂O₃^- + C₁₀H₈ + H₂O = C₁₀H₁₀O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37.8 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₂O₃P^- + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • Water )

By formula: H₂O₃P^- + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₃P^- • Water ) + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₃P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₃P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₂O₃P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₃P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₃P^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

H₂O₄P^- + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • Water )

By formula: H₂O₄P^- + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rG°	7.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₄P^- • Water ) + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₄P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(H₂O₄P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₂O₄P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₂O₄P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₂O₄P^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

H₂O₇S₄^-2 + 2 Water = H₄O₈S₄^-2

By formula: H₂O₇S₄^-2 + 2H₂O = H₄O₈S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H₃O⁺ + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 7.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20. ± 1.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 14 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.6	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28. ± 2.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.4	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.1	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
9.2	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
8.3	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 5.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	FA	Bierbaum, Golde, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.8	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
5.4	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M
5.0	300.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
5.0	307.	PHPMS	Good, Durden, et al., 1970, 2	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	HPMS	Arifov, Pozharov, et al., 1971	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 4.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.09	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Lau, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	82.69	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	10.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.03	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Kebarle, Searles, et al., 1967	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	52.31	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.77	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.78	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.88	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.77	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 11H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 12H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.83	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.9	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 13H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.30	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 14H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.60	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.8	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.85	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 15H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.72	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.7	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.38	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 16H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.82	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.0	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	42.15	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 16 Water ) + Water = ( • 17 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 16H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 17H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.76	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.6	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.38	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 17 Water ) + Water = ( • 18 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 17H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 18H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.75	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 18 Water ) + Water = ( • 19 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 18H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 19H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.66	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.0	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	41.00	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 19 Water ) + Water = ( • 20 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 19H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 20H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.54	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.62	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 20 Water ) + Water = ( • 21 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 20H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 21H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.43	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 21 Water ) + Water = ( • 22 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 21H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 22H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.32	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.9	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	39.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 22 Water ) + Water = ( • 23 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 22H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 23H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.45	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.4	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	38.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 23 Water ) + Water = ( • 24 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 23H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 24H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.28	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.6	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.46	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 24 Water ) + Water = ( • 25 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 24H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 25H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.06	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	7.1	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.16	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 25 Water ) + Water = ( • 26 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 25H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 26H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.72	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.3	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.85	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 26 Water ) + Water = ( • 27 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 26H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 27H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.41	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	8.2	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.92	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

( • 27 Water ) + Water = ( • 28 Water )

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • 27H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃O⁺ • 28H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.06	kcal/mol	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.77	cal/mol*K	MKER	Shi, Ford, et al., 1993	gas phase; M

H₃S⁺ + Water = (H₃S⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₃S⁺ + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	21.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M

(H₃S⁺ • Water ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3O+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1976; M

(H₃S⁺ • 2 Water ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.4	kcal/mol	PI	Walters and Blais, 1984	gas phase; M

(H₃S⁺ • ) + Water = (H₃S⁺ • Water • )

By formula: (H₃S⁺ • H₂S) + H₂O = (H₃S⁺ • H₂O • H₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3S+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1977, 2	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(H3S+ H2O)H2O; Cunningham, Payzant, et al., 1972, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

H₄ClO₂^- + + 2 Water = CH₈ClO₃^-

By formula: H₄ClO₂^- + CH₄O + 2H₂O = CH₈ClO₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; For solvation by MeOH of core ion; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; For solvation by MeOH of core ion; B

H₄IO₅^- + 3 Water = H₆IO₆^-

By formula: H₄IO₅^- + 3H₂O = H₆IO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	19.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rH°	14.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; Δ_rH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.6	414.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; Δ_rH of 12.4 kcal/mol from plot is too small; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	9.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.2	266.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.8	254.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water • 2) + Water = ( • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • O₂S) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

( • 3) + Water = ( • Water • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 3H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

H₄N₃O₂^- + 3 Water = H₆N₃O₃^-

By formula: H₄N₃O₂^- + 3H₂O = H₆N₃O₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.25±0.06 eV; B

H₄O₃P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₄P^-

By formula: H₄O₃P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₄P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₄^- + + 2 Water = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

By formula: H₄O₄^- + C₁₀H₈ + 2H₂O = C₁₀H₁₂O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.3 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

H₄O₄P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₅P^-

By formula: H₄O₄P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₅P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₅P^- + 2 Water = H₆O₆P^-

By formula: H₄O₅P^- + 2H₂O = H₆O₆P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₄O₈S₄^-2 + 3 Water = H₆O₉S₄^-2

By formula: H₄O₈S₄^-2 + 3H₂O = H₆O₉S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 3 Water = H₆O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 3H₂O = H₆O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₄P⁺ + Water = (H₄P⁺ • Water )

By formula: H₄P⁺ + H₂O = (H₄P⁺ • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.	kcal/mol	ICR	Berman and Beauchamp, 1986	gas phase; bracketing; Meot-Ner, 1984, 2, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

H₆N₃O₃^- + 4 Water = H₈N₃O₄^-

By formula: H₆N₃O₃^- + 4H₂O = H₈N₃O₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.63±0.06 eV; B

H₆O₄P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₅P^-

By formula: H₆O₄P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₅P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.7 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₅P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₆P^-

By formula: H₆O₅P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₆P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₆P^- + 3 Water = H₈O₇P^-

By formula: H₆O₆P^- + 3H₂O = H₈O₇P^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.80 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B

H₆O₉S₂^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: H₆O₉S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₆O₉S₄^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₀S₄^-2

By formula: H₆O₉S₄^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₀S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 4 Water = H₈O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 4H₂O = H₈O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈N₃O₄^- + 5 Water = H₁₀N₃O₅^-

By formula: H₈N₃O₄^- + 5H₂O = H₁₀N₃O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change from (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 4.85±0.06 eV; B

H₈O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₀S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈O₁₀S₄^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₁S₄^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₀S₄^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₁S₄^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 5 Water = H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 5H₂O = H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀N₃O₅^- + 6 Water = H₁₂N₃O₆^-

By formula: H₁₀N₃O₅^- + 6H₂O = H₁₂N₃O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.03±0.08 eV; B

H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₈S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₉S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₁₁S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₄S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₀O₁₃S₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₄S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.40 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂N₃O₆^- + 7 Water = H₁₄N₃O₇^-

By formula: H₁₂N₃O₆^- + 7H₂O = H₁₄N₃O₇^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.25±0.08 eV; B

H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₉S₂^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₀S^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₁S^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₀S^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₁S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₀Se^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₀Se^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₂O₁₂P₂^-2 + 6 Water = H₁₄O₁₃P₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₂P₂^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₄O₁₃P₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 3	gas phase; Correction to published article: P. Kebarle; B

H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2 + 7 Water = H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₂O₁₂S₂^-2 + 7H₂O = H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄N₃O₇^- + 8 Water = H₁₆N₃O₈^-

By formula: H₁₄N₃O₇^- + 8H₂O = H₁₆N₃O₈^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.42±0.08 eV; B

H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₀S₂^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₁S^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₂S^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₁S^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₂S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₁Se^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2 + 8 Water = H₁₆O₁₄S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₄O₁₃S₂^-2 + 8H₂O = H₁₆O₁₄S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆N₃O₈^- + 9 Water = H₁₈N₃O₉^-

By formula: H₁₆N₃O₈^- + 9H₂O = H₁₈N₃O₉^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.55±0.08 eV; B

H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₁S₂^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆O₁₂S^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₃S^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₂S^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₃S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2 + 9 Water = H₁₈O₁₃Se^-2

By formula: H₁₆O₁₂Se^-2 + 9H₂O = H₁₈O₁₃Se^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₈N₃O₉^- + 10 Water = H₂₀N₃O₁₀^-

By formula: H₁₈N₃O₉^- + 10H₂O = H₂₀N₃O₁₀^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.00	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change from (H2O))n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.65±0.08 eV; B

H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 10 Water = H₂₀O₁₃S₂^-2

By formula: H₁₈O₁₂S₂^-2 + 10H₂O = H₂₀O₁₃S₂^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.70 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

H₁₈O₁₃S^-2 + 10 Water = H₂₀O₁₄S^-2

By formula: H₁₈O₁₃S^-2 + 10H₂O = H₂₀O₁₄S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

H₂₀N₃O₁₀^- + 11 Water = H₂₂N₃O₁₁^-

By formula: H₂₀N₃O₁₀^- + 11H₂O = H₂₂N₃O₁₁^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.70±0.08 eV; B

H₂₀O₁₄S^-2 + 11 Water = H₂₂O₁₅S^-2

By formula: H₂₀O₁₄S^-2 + 11H₂O = H₂₂O₁₅S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

H₂₂N₃O₁₁^- + 12 Water = H₂₄N₃O₁₂^-

By formula: H₂₂N₃O₁₁^- + 12H₂O = H₂₄N₃O₁₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.79±0.08 eV; B

H₂₄N₃O₁₂^- + 13 Water = H₂₆N₃O₁₃^-

By formula: H₂₄N₃O₁₂^- + 13H₂O = H₂₆N₃O₁₃^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.89±0.08 eV; B

H₂₆N₃O₁₃^- + 14 Water = H₂₈N₃O₁₄^-

By formula: H₂₆N₃O₁₃^- + 14H₂O = H₂₈N₃O₁₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 5.95±0.08 eV; B

H₂₈N₃O₁₄^- + 15 Water = H₃₀N₃O₁₅^-

By formula: H₂₈N₃O₁₄^- + 15H₂O = H₃₀N₃O₁₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.10	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 6.02±0.08 eV; B

H₃₀N₃O₁₅^- + 16 Water = H₃₂N₃O₁₆^-

By formula: H₃₀N₃O₁₅^- + 16H₂O = H₃₂N₃O₁₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 6.07±0.08 eV; B

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: I^- + H₂O = (I^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	16.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (I^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	17.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	19.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 0.5	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.1	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.30 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	8.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Δ_rH°	9.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman, 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 4H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.20 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	6.9 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.1 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	2.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 5H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Δ_rH°	4.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.90	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 11 Water ) + Water = ( • 12 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.40	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 12 Water ) + Water = ( • 13 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.80	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 13 Water ) + Water = ( • 14 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 14H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 14 Water ) + Water = ( • 15 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 15H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • 15 Water ) + Water = ( • 16 Water )

By formula: (I^- • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (I^- • 16H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Markovich, Pollack, et al., 1994	gas phase; For photodissociation plus electron loss. Affinity is difference from lower solvated ion.; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (I^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (I^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.50 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.5	300.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2) + Water = ( • Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: K⁺ + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.4 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rH°	17.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Davidson and Kebarle, 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Δ_rS°	21.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
0.4	840.	MS	Chupka, 1959	gas phase; Knudsen cell, 840+-50K; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • CH₄O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • CH₄O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Evans and Keesee, 1991	gas phase; M

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Water • 2) + Water = ( • 2 Water • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	24.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	13.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	11.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (K⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Searles and Kebarle, 1969	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Li⁺ + H₂O = (Li⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.3 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	34.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; interpolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; interpolated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.0 ± 2.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	25.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	17. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M
Δ_rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.7 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.8	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	13.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Li⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Li⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	12.1	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	32.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Mg⁺ + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.3 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
28.4 (+3.0,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.4 (+1.6,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
17.3 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.5 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Mg+ (3s1); M

(Mg⁺² • 7 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 8 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
7.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mg⁺² • 12 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 13 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 13H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 13 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 14 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 13H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 14H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 14 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 15 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 14H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 15H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

(Mg⁺² • 15 Water ) + Water = (Mg⁺² • 16 Water )

By formula: (Mg⁺² • 15H₂O) + H₂O = (Mg⁺² • 16H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	293.	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Mn⁺ + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
28.4 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
21.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
25.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.0 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Mn⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.6	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Mn⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Mn⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Mn⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Mn⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.1	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO^- + H₂O = (NO^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.6	kcal/mol	PES	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	22.7	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.9	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.7	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; switching reaction(NO+)NO; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.70	kcal/mol	N/A	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.860±0.020 eV; B,M
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	293.	HPMS	McAdams and Bone, 1972	gas phase; M
8.5	296.	FA	Howard, Rundle, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
8.5	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PES	Eaton, Arnold, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.4	308.	PHPMS	French, Hills, et al., 1973	gas phase; M
5.9	293.	HPMS	McAdams and Bone, 1972	gas phase; M
6.0	296.	FA	Howard, Rundle, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
6.0	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

NO₂⁺ + Water = (NO₂⁺ • Water )

By formula: NO₂⁺ + H₂O = (NO₂⁺ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.1 (+2.3,-0.)		PD/KERD	Graul, Kim, et al., 1992	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₂^- + H₂O = (NO₂^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16. ± 4.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO2-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	23.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	8.1 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	Endo	Paulson and Dale, 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
8.4	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	12.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.00 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.8 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	5.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
5.8	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.5 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (NO₂^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₂^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • HNO₃) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O • HNO₃)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.0	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	233.	ATM	Arnold, Viggiano, et al., 1982	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.1 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	12.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	14.8	kcal/mol	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	19.2	kcal/mol	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	FA	Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(NO3-)H2O; Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980; M
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	7.10 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	7.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.8	250.	ATM	Arnold and Qiu, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
6.8	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
7.0	300.	SAMS	Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1972	gas phase; M

+ Water + = C₃H₈NO₆^-

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O + C₃H₆O₂ = C₃H₈NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

+ Water + = C₄H₁₀NO₆^-

By formula: NO₃^- + H₂O + C₄H₈O₂ = C₄H₁₀NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (NO₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	14.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M
Δ_rG°	5.20 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	301.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M
5.0	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (NO₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Lee, Keesee, et al., 1980	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; T: 293 K. ΔSaff approx. 24 cal/mol-K; B,M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (NO₃^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (NO₃^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.3	299.	HPMS	Banic and Iribarne, 1985	gas phase; electric fields; M

+ Water = H₂N₃O^-

By formula: N₃^- + H₂O = H₂N₃O^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11. ± 18.	kcal/mol	N/A	Yang, Kiran, et al., 2004	gas phase; Affinity: EA change (H2O)n-1..N3- ion. Vertical Detachment Energy: 3.25±0.03 eV; B

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Δ_rH°	22.9	kcal/mol	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Na+) 2H2O; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970, Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	FA	Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Na+) 2H2O; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970, Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Na⁺ + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	19.6 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	22.7 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	26.5	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, 1600 K; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
22.6 (+1.8,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

( • Water • ) + Water = ( • 2 Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₂O • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 2H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M

( • 2 Water • ) + Water = ( • 3 Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2H₂O • CO₂) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 3H₂O • CO₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Peterson, Mark, et al., 1984	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
19.6 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	15.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	16.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1 ± 0.9	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24. ± 3.	cal/mol*K	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.1	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1996	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.1 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Dalleska, Tjelta, et al., 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID, Na+ (3s0); M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M
6.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.9	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.7	293.	ES/HPMS	Klassen, Blades, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Na⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • ) + Water = ( • Water • )

By formula: (Na⁺ • O₂S) + H₂O = (Na⁺ • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.8	kcal/mol	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Upschulte, Schelling, et al., 1984	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ni⁺ + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	39.7	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
43.0 (+0.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.6	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
40.2 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.3 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
12.4 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(Ni⁺² • 7 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 8 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.1	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.5	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Ni⁺² • 12 Water ) + Water = (Ni⁺² • 13 Water )

By formula: (Ni⁺² • 12H₂O) + H₂O = (Ni⁺² • 13H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990, 2	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

O^- + Water = (O^- • Water )

By formula: O^- + H₂O = (O^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26.5 ± 1.8	kcal/mol	PDis	Deyerl, Clements, et al., 2001	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	0.52	kcal/mol	N/A	Arnold, Xu, et al., 1995	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.45 eV. Affinity is difference between EA of O-. and HOH..O-.; B
Δ_rH°	30.0	kcal/mol	PDiss	Roehl, Snodgrass, et al., 1991	gas phase; Δ_rH<; M
Δ_rH°	30.	kcal/mol	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; bracketing, Δ_rH<; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: O₂⁺ + H₂O = (O₂⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	FA	Adams and Bohme, 1970	gas phase; switching reaction(O2+)SO2, Δ_rH>; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: O₂^- + H₂O = (O₂^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	N/A	Luong, Clements, et al., 2001	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 2.03±0.05 eV.; B
Δ_rH°	18.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	11.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Parkes, 1971	gas phase; B

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	8.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	9.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Pack and Phelps, 1971	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.4	300.	PHPMS	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.3	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M
7.1	300.	PHPMS	Payzant J.D. and Kebarle, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.4 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	3.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Arshadi and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (O₂^- • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (O₂^- • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Kebarle, Arshadi, et al., 1968	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • Water • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • 2 Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • H₂O • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • Water • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • 2 Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • H₂O • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2 Water • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • 3 Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 3H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.00 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2 Water • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • 3 Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2H₂O • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • 3H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.10 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	2.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • ) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • )

By formula: (O₂S^- • O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.90 ± 0.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 2) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 2)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 2O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 2O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 3) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 3)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 3O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 3O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 4) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 4)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 4O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 4O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₂S^- • 5) + Water = (O₂S^- • Water • 5)

By formula: (O₂S^- • 5O₂S) + H₂O = (O₂S^- • H₂O • 5O₂S)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.50 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.10 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Vacher, Leduc, et al., 1994	gas phase; B

(O₃^- • Water ) + Water = (O₃^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₃^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃^- • 2H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(O₃^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (O₃^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₃^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃^- • 3H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

O₃P^- + Water = (O₃P^- • Water )

By formula: O₃P^- + H₂O = (O₃P^- • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.90 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B,M,M
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.3 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; Not (HO)2PO2-. See also Blades, Ho, et al., 1996 : (HO)2PO2- -> PO3- + HOH, Eact ca. 55 kcal/mol.; B
Δ_rG°	6.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M

(O₃P^- • Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	22.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.9	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Ho, et al., 1996, 2	gas phase; M

(O₃P^- • 2 Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 3 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	36.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M

(O₃P^- • 3 Water ) + Water = (O₃P^- • 4 Water )

By formula: (O₃P^- • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (O₃P^- • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Keesee and Castleman Jr., 1989	gas phase; deuterated; M

O₃S^- + Water = (O₃S^- • Water )

By formula: O₃S^- + H₂O = (O₃S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Möhler, Reiner, et al., 1992	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.9	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

O₄S^- + Water = (O₄S^- • Water )

By formula: O₄S^- + H₂O = (O₄S^- • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.90 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Möhler, Reiner, et al., 1992	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.1	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

(O₄S^- • Water ) + Water = (O₄S^- • 2 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^- • H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^- • 2H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.6	296.	FA	Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1974	gas phase; M

+ 6 Water = H₁₂O₁₀S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 6H₂O = H₁₂O₁₀S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.50 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; B

+ 12 Water = H₂₄O₁₆S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 12H₂O = H₂₄O₁₆S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; B

+ 13 Water = H₂₆O₁₇S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 13H₂O = H₂₆O₁₇S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 14 Water = H₂₈O₁₈S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 14H₂O = H₂₈O₁₈S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 15 Water = H₃₀O₁₉S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 15H₂O = H₃₀O₁₉S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 16 Water = H₃₂O₂₀S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 16H₂O = H₃₂O₂₀S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.3 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 17 Water = H₃₄O₂₁S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 17H₂O = H₃₄O₂₁S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.2 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 18 Water = H₃₆O₂₂S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 18H₂O = H₃₆O₂₂S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

+ 19 Water = H₃₈O₂₃S^-2

By formula: O₄S^-2 + 19H₂O = H₃₈O₂₃S^-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	3.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Blades and Kebarle, 2005	gas phase; dGaff at 270K; 298 value probably ca. 0.5 kcal/mole weaker; B

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 6H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 7H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	7.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 8H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.7	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 8 Water ) + Water = ( • 9 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 9H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	6.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 9 Water ) + Water = ( • 10 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 10H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.5	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

( • 10 Water ) + Water = ( • 11 Water )

By formula: (O₄S^-2 • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (O₄S^-2 • 11H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.0	kcal/mol	ES/HPMS	Blades, Klassen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Pb⁺ + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	35.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.0	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.3	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Pb⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang and Castleman, 1972	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Rb⁺ + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15.9	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	16. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	16.0	kcal/mol	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	20.1	cal/mol*K	MS	Burdett and Hayhurst, 1982	gas phase; flame source, about 1600 K; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electrospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Rb⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.7	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Sc⁺ + H₂O = (Sc⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Sr⁺ + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	31.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.7	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 4H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.2	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 4 Water ) + Water = ( • 5 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 4H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 5H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 5 Water ) + Water = ( • 6 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 5H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 6H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	30.5	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 6 Water ) + Water = ( • 7 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 6H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 7H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	17.3	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	34.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

( • 7 Water ) + Water = ( • 8 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺ • 7H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺ • 8H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	37.6	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Tang, Lian, et al., 1976	gas phase; M

(Sr⁺² • 8 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 9 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 8H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 9H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	15. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.0	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 9 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 10 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 9H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 10H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.3	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 10 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 11 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 10H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 11H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.2	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(Sr⁺² • 11 Water ) + Water = (Sr⁺² • 12 Water )

By formula: (Sr⁺² • 11H₂O) + H₂O = (Sr⁺² • 12H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14. ± 3.	kcal/mol	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.9	300.	HPMS	Blades, Jayaweera, et al., 1990	gas phase; electospray, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Ti⁺ + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.8 (+1.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 2H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
32.5 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 3H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.0 (+1.7,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (Ti⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
20.0 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: V⁺ + H₂O = (V⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	35.1	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
35.1 (+8.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Water ) + Water = ( • 2 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	35.5	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.1 (+2.4,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Water ) + Water = ( • 3 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.2	kcal/mol	CID	Marinelli and Squires, 1989	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.3 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 3 Water ) + Water = ( • 4 Water )

By formula: (V⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₂O = (V⁺ • 4H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.2 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Water = ( • Water )

By formula: Zn⁺ + H₂O = (Zn⁺ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	CID	Magnera, David, et al., 1989	gas phase; M

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
P_triple	Triple point pressure
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
S°_{liquid,1 bar}	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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