Benzene

Formula: C₆H₆
Molecular weight: 78.1118
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Benzene-D6
Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 99
- Henry's Law data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- UV/Visible spectrum
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
- Gas Chromatography
- Fluid Properties
Data at other public NIST sites:
Options:
- Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	82.9 ± 0.9	kJ/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	82.8	kJ/mol	N/A	Good and Smith, 1969	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 49.0±0.5 kj/mol from Good and Smith, 1969 and Δ_vapH° value of 33.9 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB
Δ_fH°_gas	82.93 ± 0.50	kJ/mol	Ccb	Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945	Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	79.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929	Value computed using Δ_fH_liquid° value of 46.0 kj/mol from Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 and Δ_vapH° value of 33.9 kj/mol from Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945.; DRB

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
33.27	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	GT
35.11	100.
41.94	150.
53.17	200.
74.55	273.15
82.44	298.15
83.02	300.
113.52	400.
139.35	500.
160.09	600.
176.78	700.
190.45	800.
201.82	900.
211.41	1000.
219.56	1100.
226.52	1200.
232.49	1300.
237.65	1400.
242.11	1500.
250.91	1750.
257.26	2000.
261.95	2250.
265.50	2500.
268.23	2750.
270.37	3000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
93.32 ± 0.06	333.15	Todd S.S., 1978	Please also see Montgomery J.B., 1942, Pitzer K.S., 1943, Scott D.W., 1947.; GT
95.81	341.60
97.99 ± 0.06	348.15
103.98 ± 0.06	368.15
105.02	370.
104.77	371.20
108.8 ± 1.3	388.
110.88	390.
110.5 ± 1.3	393.
113.93	402.30
114.29 ± 0.07	403.15
115.48	410.
117.6 ± 1.3	417.
118.8 ± 1.3	428.
123.39	436.15
123.93 ± 0.07	438.15
126.8 ± 1.3	463.
132.42	471.10
132.94 ± 0.08	473.15
131.4 ± 1.3	481.
139.47 ± 0.08	500.15
145.59 ± 0.09	527.15

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	49. ± 0.9	kJ/mol	Review	Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008	There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δ_fH°_liquid	48.95 ± 0.54	kJ/mol	Ccb	Good and Smith, 1969	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	49.04 ± 0.50	kJ/mol	Ccb	Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945	Hf by Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946; ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	46.0	kJ/mol	Ccb	Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929	ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-3267. ± 20.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	173.26	J/mol*K	N/A	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
S°_liquid	175.3	J/mol*K	N/A	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	Extrapolation below 90 K, 47.49 J/mol*K.; DH
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{solid,1 bar}	45.56	J/mol*K	N/A	Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937	DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
135.69	298.15	Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993	DH
135.9	298.5	Czarnota, 1991	p = 0.1 MPa. Cp values given for the pressure range 0.1 to 68.1 MPa.; DH
135.62	298.15	Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989	DH
134.63	298.15	Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988	DH
135.75	298.15	Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1987	DH
134.61	293.15	Kalali, Kohler, et al., 1987	T = 293.15, 313.15 K.; DH
135.707	298.15	Tanaka, 1987	DH
139.9	322.05	Naziev, Bashirov, et al., 1986	T = 322.05, 351.15 K. p = 0.1 MPa. Unsmoothed experimental datum given as 1.7915 kJ/kg*K.; DH
137.4	303.15	Reddy, 1986	T = 303.15, 313.15 K.; DH
136.06	298.15	Ogawa and Murakami, 1985	DH
135.718	298.15	Tanaka, 1985	DH
136.24	298.15	Gorbunova, Simonov, et al., 1983	T = 283.78 to 348.47 K. Cp = 1.3943 - 5.857x10-4T + 5.89x10-6T2 kJ/kg*K. Cp value calculated from equation.; DH
136.5	300.	Gorbunova, Grigoriev, et al., 1982	T = 280 to 353 K. Data also given by equation.; DH
135.7	298.15	Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982	T = 298.15 K.; DH
135.74	298.15	Tanaka, 1982	Temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 K.; DH
135.60	298.15	Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982	DH
133.6	293.15	Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981	DH
135.90	298.15	Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979	DH
135.61	298.15	Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978	DH
135.90	298.15	Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977	T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
135.60	298.15	Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977	DH
135.76	298.15	Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976	DH
135.760	298.15	Fortier and Benson, 1976	DH
135.7	298.15	Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974	T = 298.15 to 323.15 K.; DH
134.3	298.	Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971	T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
135.9	298.15	Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971	T = 298; 313 K.; DH
135.9	298.	Subrahmanyam and Khan, 1969	DH
135.4	298.	Recko, 1968	T = 24 to 40°C, equation only.; DH
130.	298.	Pacor, 1967	DH
134.6	293.	Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967	T = 293 to 353 K.; DH
135.30	300.	Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965	DH
134.98	298.	Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962	T = 10 to 35°C.; DH
135.1	316.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960	Mean value 21 to 66°C.; DH
136.4	303.	Duff and Everett, 1956	T = 303 to 353 K.; DH
135.23	298.	Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955	T = 288 to 347 K.; DH
31.8	293.	Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951	DH
136.06	298.15	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	T = 13 to 337 K.; DH
119.	295.	Tschamler, 1948	DH
133.5	298.	Kurbatov, 1947	T = 9 to 80°C, mean Cp, five temperatures.; DH
136.0	298.1	Zhdanov, 1941	T = 8 to 46°C.; DH
135.44	298.2	Burlew, 1940	T = 281 to 353 K.; DH
131.4	287.8	Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934	DH
131.4	287.8	de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933	DH
131.4	298.15	Ferguson and Miller, 1933	T = 293 to 323 K. Data calculated from equation.; DH
135.1	298.1	Richards and Wallace, 1932	T = 293 to 333 K.; DH
143.57	323.15	Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931	T = 50 to 110°C.; DH
135.1	300.0	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	T = 93 to 300 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
132.2	298.	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	T = -18 to 110°C.; DH
133.1	293.2	Williams and Daniels, 1925	T = 20 to 60°C.; DH
133.9	303.	Willams and Daniels, 1924	T = 303 to 333 K. Equation only.; DH
137.2	298.	Dejardin, 1919	T = 24 to 50°C.; DH
133.5	298.	von Reis, 1881	T = 292 to 364 K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

C_p,solid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
47.86	90.	Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937	T = 4 to 93 K.; DH
97.9	223.9	Aoyama and Kanda, 1935	T = 82 to 224 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
118.4	273.	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	T = 93 to 273 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	353.3 ± 0.1	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 147 out of 183 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	278.64 ± 0.08	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 57 out of 69 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	278.5 ± 0.6	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	562.0 ± 0.8	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 36 out of 41 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	48.9 ± 0.4	bar	AVG	N/A	Average of 24 out of 26 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.25 ± 0.03	l/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	3.9 ± 0.2	mol/l	AVG	N/A	Average of 12 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	33.9 ± 0.1	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 out of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_subH°	44.4	kJ/mol	TE,ME	Kruif, 1980	Based on data from 183. to 197. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
30.72	353.3	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
33.2	320.	N/A	Lubomska, Banas, et al., 2002	Based on data from 305. to 345. K.; AC
35.6	258. to 313.	GC	Liu and Dickhut, 1994	AC
33.5	311.	EB	Ambrose, Ewing, et al., 1990	Based on data from 296. to 377. K.; AC
33.4	307.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
33.1	314.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
32.4	324.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
31.9	332.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
31.4	344.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
30.6	353.	C	Dong, Lin, et al., 1988	AC
34.4	294.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 279. to 377. K.; AC
31.5	368.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 353. to 422. K.; AC
30.2	435.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 420. to 502. K.; AC
30.3	516.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 501. to 562. K.; AC
30.8	352.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
30.5	361.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
30.2	366.	N/A	Natarajan, 1983	AC
35.3	343.	N/A	Tsonopoulos and Wilson, 1983	Based on data from 313. to 373. K.; AC
31.	350.	N/A	Rao and Viswanath, 1977	AC
33.0 ± 0.1	313.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
32.2 ± 0.1	328.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
31.8 ± 0.1	333.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
31.4 ± 0.1	343.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
30.9 ± 0.1	353.	C	Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973	AC
32.6 ± 0.4	313.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
32.5 ± 0.5	328.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
31.6 ± 0.4	345.	DSC	Mita, Imai, et al., 1971	AC
34.1	299.	N/A	Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949	Based on data from 284. to 354. K.; AC
34.1	293.	N/A	Yarym-Agaev, Fedos'ev, et al., 1949	AC
34.1	297.	N/A	Thomson, 1946	Based on data from 282. to 354. K.; AC
31.2	294.	N/A	Scott and Brickwedde, 1945	AC
34.1	303.	MM	Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945	Based on data from 288. to 354. K.; AC
33.4	313.	EB	Smith, 1941	Based on data from 298. to 373. K.; AC
34.5	288.	N/A	Stuckey and Saylor, 1940	Based on data from 273. to 348. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K)	293. to 469.
A (kJ/mol)	47.41
α	0.1231
β	0.3602
T_c (K)	562.1
Reference	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
333.4 to 373.5	4.72583	1660.652	-1.461	Eon, Pommier, et al., 1971	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
297.9 to 318.	0.14591	39.165	-261.236	Deshpande and Pandya, 1967	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
421.56 to 554.8	4.60362	1701.073	20.806	Kalafati, Rasskazov, et al., 1967	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
287.70 to 354.07	4.01814	1203.835	-53.226	Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
41.7	258. to 273.	N/A	Liu and Dickhut, 1994	AC
45.2	264.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 223. to 279. K. See also Ha, Morrison, et al., 1976.; AC
45.1	278.	N/A	Hessler, 1984	AC
53.9 ± 0.8	193.	N/A	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
49.4 ± 0.4	193.	N/A	De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977	AC
45.6	279.	MM	Jackowski, 1974	Based on data from 221. to 268. K.; AC
44.1	261.	N/A	Jones, 1960	AC
43.1	229.	N/A	Jones, 1960	AC
44.6	279.	N/A	Milazzo, 1956	AC
46.6	282.	A	Stull, 1947	Based on data from 263. to 270. K.; AC
38.	303.	V	Wolf and Weghofer, 1938	ALS
44.6	273.	N/A	de Boer, 1936	See also Jackowski, 1974.; AC
43.3	226.	A	Mündel, 1913	Based on data from 214. to 238. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.8663	278.69	N/A	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
9.916	278.65	N/A	Ziegler and Andrews, 1942	DH
9.87	278.7	C	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	See also Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926 and Ziegler and Andrews, 1942.; AC
9.300	279.1	N/A	Smith, 1979	DH
8.950	278.8	N/A	Pacor, 1967	DH
9.937	278.6	N/A	Tschamler, 1948	DH
9.803	278.6	N/A	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	DH
9.875	278.55	N/A	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
10.000	278.64	N/A	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
35.40	278.69	Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948	DH
35.59	278.65	Ziegler and Andrews, 1942	DH
33.3	279.1	Smith, 1979	DH
32.1	278.8	Pacor, 1967	DH
35.19	278.6	Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930	DH
35.5	278.55	Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926	DH
35.9	278.64	Maass and Walbauer, 1925	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₆ = (Cl^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.1 ± 1.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Tschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	39. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	41.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	36.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	43.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	74.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	71.	J/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	71.5	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δ_rS°	92.	J/mol*K	N/A	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	IMRE	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	15.9	kJ/mol	IMRE	French, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.	300.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
16.	300.	PHPMS	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; M
16.	300.	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₆H₅^- + = Benzene

By formula: C₆H₅^- + H⁺ = C₆H₆

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1678.7 ± 2.1	kJ/mol	G+TS	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	1678.5 ± 0.88	kJ/mol	D-EA	Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1677. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1680. ± 42.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Graul and Squires, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1665. ± 23.	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1641.8 ± 1.7	kJ/mol	IMRE	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1636. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1632. ± 27.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1628. ± 23.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B

C₆H₆⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₆⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60. ± 30.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Li⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	161. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	159.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Δ_rH°	153.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	115.	J/mol*K	N/A	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	124.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₆ = (Br^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	71.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	71.	J/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	IMRE	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.0	423.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	81. ± 5.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	95.4 ± 5.9	kJ/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	88.3 ± 5.0	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	88.3 ± 4.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	117.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	131.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
65.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

C₉H₁₃N⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₃N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.9	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.	331.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₇H₉N⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₉N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₉N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₉N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₈H₁₁N⁺ + Benzene = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₈H₁₁N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.	252.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Co⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	167. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	116.	J/mol*K	SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
167. (+13.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
113. (+4.2,-0.)		SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

C₇H₈⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₈⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₈⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₈⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.0	kJ/mol	MPI	Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	23.	kJ/mol	PI	Ruhl, Bisling, et al., 1986	gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δ_rH°	51.9	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Benzene = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	88.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.	491.	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene • ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60.2	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	126.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2 • Benzene ) + = ( • 3 • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 3H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.4	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • • Benzene ) + = ( • 2 • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.1	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	89.5	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: I^- + C₆H₆ = (I^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	38. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	59.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

C₃H₃⁺ + Benzene = (C₃H₃⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₃H₃⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₃H₃⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	30.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

( • • 2 Benzene ) + = ( • 2 • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.0	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	123.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Benzene • 2) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	141.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	168.	kJ/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	164. ± 14.	kJ/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	170. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
170. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Benzene ) + = ( • • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	57.3	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	109.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 2H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Benzene ) + = ( • • Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + H₂O = (K⁺ • H₂O • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	75.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	125.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ C6H6)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.1	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	102.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 3) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 3)

By formula: (K⁺ • 3H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	115.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • ) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	70.3	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	113.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	212. ± 38.	kJ/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	232. ± 18.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
231. (+18.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: F^- + C₆H₆ = (F^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	64.02	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	81.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	39.3	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	144.	kJ/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	133. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
133. (+8.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: V⁺ + C₆H₆ = (V⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	>230.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	234. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
233. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	207. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
208. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	213.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	259. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
259. (+8.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	67.4 ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	78.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	142.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Benzene = (C₄H₉⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₄H₉⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	210.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33. ± 2.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: K⁺ + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	80.3	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	103.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

C₆H₇N⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₇N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₇N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₇N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M

C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M

C₆H₅Cl⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₅Cl⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₂⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₂⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: NO^- + C₆H₆ = (NO^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	172.	kJ/mol	ICR	Reents and Freiser, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	187. ± 16.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
187. (+16.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	253. ± 18.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
253. (+18.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	203. ± 16.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
203. (+16.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	147. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
147. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	155. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
155. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2 • 4294967295 Benzene ) + Benzene = CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2 • 4294967295C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = CAS Reg. No. 79431-04-2

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	90. ± 18.	kJ/mol	Ther	Lee and Squires, 1986	gas phase; Between SiH₄, tBuOH; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	243. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
243. (+10.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₆H₆⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	9.24378 ± 0.00007	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	750.4	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	725.4	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
746.4	Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000	Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol)	Reference	Comment
721.7	Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000	Experimental literature data re-evaluated by the authors using ab initio protonation entropies; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.24384 ± 0.00006	TE	Nemeth, Selzle, et al., 1993	LL
9.24372 ± 0.00005	TE	Chewter, Sander, et al., 1987	LBLHLM
9.20	EI	Stahl and Maquin, 1984	LBLHLM
9.2459 ± 0.0002	S	Grubb, Whetten, et al., 1984	LBLHLM
9.23 ± 0.03	EI	Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984	LBLHLM
9.25	PE	Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
9.23	PE	Cetinkaya, Lappert, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
9.25	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
9.240 ± 0.002	LS	Duncan, Dietz, et al., 1981	LLK
9.44	EI	Clare and Sowerby, 1981	LLK
9.25	PE	Bieri and Asbrink, 1980	LLK
9.22	PE	Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978	LLK
9.24	PE	Mattsson, Karlsson, et al., 1977	LLK
9.25 ± 0.02	PE	Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977	LLK
9.25 ± 0.07	EI	Selim, 1976	LLK
9.24	PE	Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976	LLK
9.70	EI	Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976	LLK
9.25	CTS	Pitt, 1973	LLK
9.2 ± 0.1	EI	Tajima, Shimizu, et al., 1972	LLK
9.26 ± 0.06	EI	Finney and Harrison, 1972	LLK
9.27	PE	Chizhov, Kleimenov, et al., 1972	LLK
9.24 ± 0.01	PI	Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01	PI	Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970	RDSH
9.36 ± 0.05	EI	Buchs, 1970	RDSH
9.241 ± 0.001	PE	Asbrink, Lindholm, et al., 1970	RDSH
9.241	TE	Peatman, Borne, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.24 ± 0.01	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01	PI	Momigny, Goffart, et al., 1968	RDSH
9.20 ± 0.04	EI	Bock, Seidl, et al., 1968	RDSH
9.24	PE	Baker, May, et al., 1968	RDSH
9.25	PE	Baker, Brundle, et al., 1968	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.02	PE	Clark and Frost, 1967	RDSH
9.26 ± 0.02	EI	Nounou, 1966	RDSH
9.246 ± 0.005	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
9.241 ± 0.006	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
9.24 ± 0.01	PI	Dibeler and Reese, 1964	RDSH
9.25	PE	Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964	RDSH
9.2	PI	Terenin, 1961	RDSH
9.248	S	El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961	RDSH
9.247 ± 0.002	S	Wilkinson, 1956	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.01	PI	Watanabe, 1954	RDSH
9.8 ± 0.1	EI	Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938	RDSH
9.242 ± 0.005	S	Price and Wood, 1935	RDSH
9.23	PE	Howell, Goncalves, et al., 1984	Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.25	PE	Kovac, Mohraz, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
9.25	PE	Kaim, Tesmann, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
9.22	PE	Sell and Kupperman, 1978	Vertical value; LLK
9.23	PE	Kobayashi, 1978	Vertical value; LLK
9.3	PE	Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978	Vertical value; LLK
9.24 ± 0.02	PE	Schmidt, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
9.25 ± 0.05	PE	Gower, Kane-Maguire, et al., 1977	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Bock, Kaim, et al., 1977	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Clar and Schmidt, 1976	Vertical value; LLK
9.23	PE	Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Bischof, Dewar, et al., 1974	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Schafer and Schweig, 1972	Vertical value; LLK
9.25 ± 0.03	PE	Klessinger, 1972	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972	Vertical value; LLK
9.2	PE	Carlson and Anderson, 1971	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Bock and Fuss, 1971	Vertical value; LLK
9.24	PE	Gleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970	Vertical value; RDSH

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CH₃⁺	28.2 ± 0.2	?	EI	Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	19. ± 0.4	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	18.6	?	EI	Natalis and Franklin, 1965	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	32.6 ± 0.2	?	EI	Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	19. ± 0.4	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₃H₃⁺	13.43	?	LS	Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986	LBLHLM
C₃H₃⁺	15.34 ± 0.06	C₃H₃	EI	Selim, 1976	LLK
C₃H₃⁺	16.90	C₃H₃	PE	Eland, Frey, et al., 1976	LLK
C₃H₃⁺	13.79	C₃H₃	PI	Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973	LLK
C₃H₃⁺	14.7 ± 0.1	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₂⁺	17.5 ± 0.3	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₃⁺	18.48 ± 0.07	H+C₂H₂	EI	Selim, 1976	LLK
C₄H₃⁺	17.6 ± 0.1	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₄⁺	13.40	C₂H₂	LS	Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986	T = 0K; LBLHLM
C₄H₄⁺	13.9 ± 0.1	C₂H₂	EI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	14.17 ± 0.08	C₂H₂	PI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	14.85	C₂H₂	PE	Eland, Frey, et al., 1976	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	13.85	C₂H₂	PI	Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973	LLK
C₄H₄⁺	14.1	C₂H₂	EI	Hickling and Jennings, 1970	RDSH
C₄H₄⁺	14.5 ± 0.2	C₂H₂	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₅H₃⁺	15.7 ± 0.1	CH₃	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₆H⁺	29. ± 2.	?	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₆H₄⁺	12.93	H₂	LS	Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986	T = 0K; LBLHLM
C₆H₄⁺	14.14 ± 0.08	H₂	EI	Selim, 1976	LLK
C₆H₄⁺	12.94	H₂	PI	Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973	LLK
C₆H₄⁺	14.04 ± 0.06	H₂	EI	Bentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973	LLK
C₆H₄⁺	14.09 ± 0.07	H₂	EI	Natalis and Franklin, 1965	RDSH
C₆H₅⁺	13.12 ± 0.05	H	EVAL	Klippenstein, Faulk, et al., 1993	T = 0K; LL
C₆H₅⁺	12.90	H	LS	Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986	T = 0K; LBLHLM
C₆H₅⁺	13.7 ± 0.1	H	EI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	13.78 ± 0.08	H	PI	Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	14.56 ± 0.07	H	EI	Selim, 1976	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	12.94	H	PI	Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	13.97 ± 0.06	H	EI	Bentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	14.1 ± 0.1	H	EI	Gross, 1972	LLK
C₆H₅⁺	13.80 ± 0.03	H	PI	Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970	RDSH
C₆H₅⁺	14.1 ± 0.1	H	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH
C₆H₅⁺	13.8 ± 0.1	H	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
C₆H₇₁^-43^-24⁺	14.2 ± 0.2	H₂	EI	Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₆H₅^- + = Benzene

By formula: C₆H₅^- + H⁺ = C₆H₆

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1678.7 ± 2.1	kJ/mol	G+TS	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	1678.5 ± 0.88	kJ/mol	D-EA	Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1677. ± 10.	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1680. ± 42.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Graul and Squires, 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1665. ± 23.	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1641.8 ± 1.7	kJ/mol	IMRE	Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995	gas phase; Revised per Ervin and DeTuro, 2002 change in NH3 acidity. Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007 using thermal methods, agrees with this BDE: 112.8±0.6; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1636. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDEq	Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1632. ± 27.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1628. ± 23.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Bohme and Young, 1971	gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ag⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	156. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	167. ± 19.	kJ/mol	RAK	Ho, Yang, et al., 1997	RCD

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	167. ± 19.	kJ/mol	RAK	Ho, Yang, et al., 1997	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Al⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	147. ± 7.9	kJ/mol	RAK	Dunbar, Klippenstein, et al., 1996	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Au⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Au⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	293.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Schroeder, Hrusak, et al., 1995	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Bi⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Bi⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	<149.	kJ/mol	PDis	Willey, Yeh, et al., 1992	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₆ = (Br^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	71.1	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	71.	J/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	IMRE	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.0	423.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₆N⁺ + Benzene = (CH₆N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (CH₆N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	78.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	105.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Benzene = (C₂H₇O⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	88.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.	491.	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₃⁺ + Benzene = (C₃H₃⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₃H₃⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₃H₃⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	40.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	30.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Benzene = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	100.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	145.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; M

C₃H₁₀N⁺ + Benzene = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₃H₁₀N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₃H₁₀N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	66.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	116.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

C₄H₄S⁺ + Benzene = (C₄H₄S⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₄H₄S⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₄H₄S⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	54.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; M

C₄H₉⁺ + Benzene = (C₄H₉⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₄H₉⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	92.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	210.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; forms protonated t-butylbenzene; M

C₆H₅Cl⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₅Cl⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₅Cl⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58.6	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₆⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₆⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60. ± 30.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	120.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	96.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33. ± 2.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	82.8	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 2 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 3C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 5 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 6 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 5C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 6C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 6 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 7 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 6C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 7C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	35.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 7 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 8 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 7C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 8C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 8 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 9 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 8C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 9C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 9 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 10 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 9C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 10C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 10 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 11 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 10C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 11C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 11 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 12 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 11C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 12C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	33.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 12 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 13 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 12C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 13C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	35.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

(C₆H₆⁺ • 13 Benzene ) + Benzene = (C₆H₆⁺ • 14 Benzene )

By formula: (C₆H₆⁺ • 13C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₆⁺ • 14C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Beck and Hecht, 1991	gas phase; M

C₆H₆NO^- + 2 Benzene = C₁₂H₁₂NO^-

By formula: C₆H₆NO^- + 2C₆H₆ = C₁₂H₁₂NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73.2 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

C₆H₇⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₇⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₇⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₇⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.0	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₆H₇N⁺ + Benzene = (C₆H₇N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₆H₇N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₆H₇N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	49.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	94.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; M

C₇H₈⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₈⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₈⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₈⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.0	kJ/mol	MPI	Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	23.	kJ/mol	PI	Ruhl, Bisling, et al., 1986	gas phase; from vIP of perpendicular dimer; M
Δ_rH°	51.9	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₇H₉N⁺ + Benzene = (C₇H₉N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₇H₉N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₇H₉N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	51.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	19.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₈H₁₁N⁺ + Benzene = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₈H₁₁N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₈H₁₁N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	9.2	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₉H₁₂⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₂⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978	gas phase; M

C₉H₁₃N⁺ + Benzene = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₉H₁₃N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₉H₁₃N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.9	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.	331.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.	252.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, Δ_rH<, DG<; M

C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + Benzene = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • Benzene )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + C₆H₆ = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • C₆H₆)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	100.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cd⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cd⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	136. ± 19.	kJ/mol	RAK	Ho, Yang, et al., 1997	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₆ = (Cl^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25.1 ± 1.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Tschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	39. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	41.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	36.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rH°	43.5	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	74.9	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	71.	J/mol*K	N/A	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Δ_rS°	71.5	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δ_rS°	92.	J/mol*K	N/A	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	17. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16. ± 6.7	kJ/mol	IMRE	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	20. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rG°	15.9	kJ/mol	IMRE	French, Ikuta, et al., 1982	gas phase; B

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.	300.	PHPMS	Paul and Kebarle, 1991	gas phase; from Ph. D. thesis of S. Chowdhury, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
16.	300.	PHPMS	Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986	gas phase; M
16.	300.	PHPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	256. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
256. (+10.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Co⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	167. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	116.	J/mol*K	SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
167. (+13.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
113. (+4.2,-0.)		SIDT	Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993	gas phase; Δ_rS(490 K); M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	168.	kJ/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	164. ± 14.	kJ/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	170. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
170. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	212. ± 38.	kJ/mol	RAK	Lin and Dunbar, 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	232. ± 18.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
231. (+18.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cs⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	64.4 ± 5.0	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cs⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cs⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58.6 ± 7.9	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Cu⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	218. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
218. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	155. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
155. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: F^- + C₆H₆ = (F^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	64.02	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	81.6	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	39.3	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987	gas phase; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	197.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	207. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
208. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	187. ± 16.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
187. (+16.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₆H₆ = (H₄N⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	80.8	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.5	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (H₄N⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	71.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Liebman, Romm, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	128.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Liebman, Romm, et al., 1991	gas phase; M

( • 2 Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 3 Benzene )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (H₄N⁺ • 3C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	59.4	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Liebman, Romm, et al., 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	138.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Liebman, Romm, et al., 1991	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: I^- + C₆H₆ = (I^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	26. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	38. ± 4.2	kJ/mol	TDAs	Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	59.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	8. ± 11.	kJ/mol	TDAs	Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: K⁺ + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	80.3	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	103.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	67.4 ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	78.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	142.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • 2 Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 3 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 3C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	137.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • 3 Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 4 Benzene )

By formula: (K⁺ • 3C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 4C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	173.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • Benzene • ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	60.2	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	126.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6, Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • Benzene • 2) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • 2C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	53.6	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	141.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+ 3H2O)C6H6; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • ) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • )

By formula: (K⁺ • H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	70.3	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	113.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)2H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 2) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	56.1	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	102.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)3H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

( • 3) + Benzene = ( • Benzene • 3)

By formula: (K⁺ • 3H₂O) + C₆H₆ = (K⁺ • C₆H₆ • 3H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	52.7	kJ/mol	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	115.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981	gas phase; switching reaction(K+)4H2O; Searles and Kebarle, 1969; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Li⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	161. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	159.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Δ_rH°	153.	kJ/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	115.	J/mol*K	N/A	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	124.	kJ/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Li⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Li⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	104. ± 7.1	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Mg⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	134. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	155.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2000	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	144.	kJ/mol	MID	Lin, Chen, et al., 1997	RCD
Δ_rH°	133. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
133. (+8.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	203. ± 16.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
203. (+16.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = C₆H₆NO^-

By formula: NO^- + C₆H₆ = C₆H₆NO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40. ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: NO^- + C₆H₆ = (NO^- • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	172.	kJ/mol	ICR	Reents and Freiser, 1981	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(NO+)C2H5OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Farid and McMahon, 1978; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	95.4 ± 5.9	kJ/mol	CIDC	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001	Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δ_rH°	88.3 ± 5.0	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	88.3 ± 4.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	117.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	131.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
65.7	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Na⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	81. ± 5.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 7 values; Individual data points

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	243. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
243. (+10.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	147. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
147. (+12.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = C₆H₆O₂^-

By formula: O₂^- + C₆H₆ = C₆H₆O₂^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	59.0 ± 9.6	kJ/mol	N/A	Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002	gas phase; Affinity is difference in EAs of lesser solvated species; B

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Pb⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Pb⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	110.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	90.4	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990	gas phase; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Rb⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69. ± 4.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Rb⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Rb⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	62.8 ± 7.9	kJ/mol	CIDT	Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	213.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	259. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
259. (+8.8,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (Ti⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (Ti⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	253. ± 18.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
253. (+18.,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Benzene = ( • Benzene )

By formula: V⁺ + C₆H₆ = (V⁺ • C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	>230.	kJ/mol	RAK	Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002	RCD
Δ_rH°	234. ± 10.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
233. (+9.6,-0.)		CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Benzene ) + Benzene = ( • 2 Benzene )

By formula: (V⁺ • C₆H₆) + C₆H₆ = (V⁺ • 2C₆H₆)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	246. ± 18.	kJ/mol	CID	Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995	gas phase; Δ_rH(0k), guided ion beam CID; M,RCD

(V^- • ) + Benzene = (V^- • Benzene • )

By formula: (V^- • C₆H₅F) + C₆H₆ = (V^- • C₆H₆ • C₆H₅F)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10. ± 63.	kJ/mol	N/A	Judai, Hirano, et al., 1997	gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Good and Smith, 1969
Good, W.D.; Smith, N.K., Enthalpies of combustion of toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentane, 1-methylcyclopentene, and n-hexane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 102-106. [all data]

Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. [all data]

Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C₁₀H₁₄, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes, J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]

Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929
Landrieu, P.; Baylocq, F.; Johnson, J.R., Etude thermochimique dans la serie furanique, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Todd S.S., 1978
Todd S.S., Vapor-flow calorimetry of benzene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 641-648. [all data]

Montgomery J.B., 1942
Montgomery J.B., The heat capacity of organic vapors. IV. Benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and cyclohexene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2375-2377. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1943
Pitzer K.S., The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 803-829. [all data]

Scott D.W., 1947
Scott D.W., The heat capacity of benzene vapor. The contribution of anharmonicity, J. Chem. Phys., 1947, 15, 565-568. [all data]

Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948
Oliver, G.D.; Eaton, M.; Huffman, H.M., The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1502-1505. [all data]

Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Daniels, A.C., Thermal data on organic compounds. VII. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of twelve aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 1547-1558. [all data]

Ahlberg, Blanchard, et al., 1937
Ahlberg, J.E.; Blanchard, E.R.; Lundberg, W.O., The heat capacities of benzene, methyl alcohol and glycerol at very low temperatures, J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 537-551. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1993
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Berkane, M.; Jimenez, E.; Wilhelm, E., Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances 2. Mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(1), 41-50. [all data]

Czarnota, 1991
Czarnota, I., Heat capacity of benzene at high pressures, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1991, 23, 25-30. [all data]

Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989
Lainez, A.; Rodrigo, M.M.; Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess volumes and excess heaat capacitiies of some mixtures with trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at 298.15K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, 34, 332-335. [all data]

Shiohama, Ogawa, et al., 1988
Shiohama, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S.; Fujihara, I., Excess molar isobaric heat capacities and isentropic compressibilities of (cis- or trans-decalin + benzene or toluene or iso-octane or n-heptane) at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1988, 20, 1183-1189. [all data]

Grolier, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1987
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Kooner, Z.S.; Smith, J.F.; Hepler, L.G., Thermal and volumetric properties of chloroform + benzene mixtures and the ideal associated solution model of complex formation, J. Solution Chem., 1987, 16, 745-752. [all data]

Kalali, Kohler, et al., 1987
Kalali, H.; Kohler, F.; Svejda, P., Excess properties of the mixture bis(2-dichlorethyl)ether (chlorex) + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), Monatsh. Chem., 1987, 118, 1-18. [all data]

Tanaka, 1987
Tanaka, R., Excess heat capacities for mixture of benzene with n-heptane at 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1987, 32, 176-177. [all data]

Naziev, Bashirov, et al., 1986
Naziev, Ya.M.; Bashirov, M.M.; Badalov, Yu.A., Experimental device for measurement of isobaric specific heat of electrolytes at elevated pressures, Inzh-Fiz. Zhur., 1986, 51(5), 789-795. [all data]

Reddy, 1986
Reddy, K.S., Isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures at 303.15 and 313.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. [all data]

Ogawa and Murakami, 1985
Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S., Flow microcalorimeter for heat capacities of solutions, Thermochim. Acta, 1985, 88, 255-260. [all data]

Tanaka, 1985
Tanaka, R., Excess heat capacities for mixtures of benzene with cyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, and cyclooctane at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1985, 30, 267-269. [all data]

Gorbunova, Simonov, et al., 1983
Gorbunova, N.I.; Simonov, V.M.; Shipova, V.A., Thermodynamic properties of benzene, Teplofiz. Vys. Temp., 1983, 21(2), 270-275. [all data]

Gorbunova, Grigoriev, et al., 1982
Gorbunova, N.I.; Grigoriev, V.A.; Simonov, V.M.; Shipova, V.A., Heat capacity of liquid benzene and hexafluorobenzene at atmospheric pressure, Int. J. Thermophysics, 1982, 3, 1-15. [all data]

Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1982
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Inglese, A.; Wilhelm, E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, + methylcyclohexane, + benzene, and + toluene at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 523-529. [all data]

Tanaka, 1982
Tanaka, R., Determination of excess heat capacities of (benzene + tetrachloromethane and + cyclohexane) between 293.15 and 303.15 K by use of a Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 259-268. [all data]

Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982
Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of 2,3-dimethylbutane + butane and + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 1199-1200. [all data]

Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981
Atalla, S.R.; El-Sharkawy, A.A.; Gasser, F.A., Measurement of thermal properties of liquids with an AC heated-wire technique, Inter. J. Thermophys., 1981, 2(2), 155-162. [all data]

Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979
Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., The use of mixing calorimeter for measuring heat capacities of liquids, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, 44, 3529-3532. [all data]

Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Wilhelm, E.; Hamedi, M.H., Molar heat capacities and isothermal compressibility of binary liquid mixtures: carbon tetrachloride + benzene, carbon tetrachloride + cyclohexane and benzene + cyclohexane, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1978, 82, 1282-1290. [all data]

Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977
Vesely, F.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the mixing calorimeter, 1st Czech. Conf. Calorimetry (Lect. Short Commun.), 1977, C9-1-C9-4. [all data]

Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977
Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1977, 81, 925-930. [all data]

Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.; Picker, P., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. [all data]

Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974
Rajagopal, E.; Subrahmanyam, S.V., Excess function of VE,(dVE/dp)T, and CpE of isooctane + benzene and + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1974, 6, 873-876. [all data]

Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971
Deshpande, D.D.; Bhatagadde, L.G., Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids, Aust. J. Chem., 1971, 24, 1817-1822. [all data]

Hyder Khan and Subrahmanyam, 1971
Hyder Khan, V.; Subrahmanyam, S.V., Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems: benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxan, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 2282-2291. [all data]

Subrahmanyam and Khan, 1969
Subrahmanyam, S.V.; Khan, V.H., Thermodynamics of the system benzene - p-dioxane, Curr. Sci., 1969, 38, 510-511. [all data]

Recko, 1968
Recko, W.M., Excess heat capacity of the binary systems formed by n-propyl alcohol with benzene, mesitylene and cyclohexane, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1968, 16, 549-552. [all data]

Pacor, 1967
Pacor, P., Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Findenegg, Gruber, et al., 1965
Findenegg, G.H.; Gruber, K.; Pereira, J.F.; Kohler, F., Kalorimetrische Messungen an Mischungen von Nichtelektrolyten, 1. Mitt.: Molwarme des Systems 1,2-Dibromathan-Benzol, Monatsh. Chem., 1965, 96, 669-678. [all data]

Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962
Rabinovich, I.B.; Nikolaev, P.N., Isotopic effect in the specific heat of some deutero compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1962, SSSR 142, 1335-1338. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heat in homologous series of binary and ternary positive azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1960, 8, 651-653. [all data]

Duff and Everett, 1956
Duff, G.M.; Everett, D.H., The heat capacity of the system benzene + diphenylmethane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 753-763. [all data]

Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955
Staveley, L.A.K.; Tupman, W.I.; Hart, K.R., Some thermodynamice properties of the systems benzene + ethylene dichloride, benzene + carbon tetrachloride, acetone + chloroform, and acetone + carbon disulphide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 323-342. [all data]

Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951
Sieg, L.; Crtzen, J.L.; Jost, W., Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen IX. Über das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht Benzol-1-2-Dichloraethan, Z. Phys. Chem., 1951, 198, 263-269. [all data]

Tschamler, 1948
Tschamler, H., Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen, Monatsh. Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. [all data]

Kurbatov, 1947
Kurbatov, V.Ya., Specific heat of liquids. I. Specific heat of benzenoid hydrocarbons, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1947, 17, 1999-2003. [all data]

Zhdanov, 1941
Zhdanov, A.K., Specific heats of some liquids and azeotropic mixtures, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. [all data]

Burlew, 1940
Burlew, J.S., Measurement of the heat capacity of a small volume of liquid by the piezo-thermometric method. III. Heat capacity of benzene and of toluene from 8°C. to the boiling point, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 696-700. [all data]

Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934
Kolosovskii, N.A.; Udovenko, W.W., Specific heat of liquids. II., Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. [all data]

de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933
de Kolossowsky, N.A.; Udowenko, W.W., Mesure des chaleurs specifique moleculaires de quelques liquides, Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. [all data]

Ferguson and Miller, 1933
Ferguson, A.; Miller, J.T., A method for the determination of the specific heats of liquids, and a determination of the specific heats of aniline and benzene over the approximate range 20°C to 50°C, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1933, 45, 194-207. [all data]

Richards and Wallace, 1932
Richards, W.T.; Wallace, J.H., Jr., The specific heats of five organic liquids from their adiabatic temperature-pressure coefficients, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2705-2713. [all data]

Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931
Fiock, E.F.; Ginnings, D.C.; Holton, W.B., Calorimetric determinations of thermal properties of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and benzene, J. Res., 1931, NBS 6, 881-900. [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. [all data]

Williams and Daniels, 1925
Williams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of binary mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. [all data]

Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]

Dejardin, 1919
Dejardin, G., Pressions maxima des vapeurs du benzene et du cyclohexane aux temperatures moyennes et calcul de leurs chaleurs specifiques principales, Ann. phys. [9], 1919, 11, 253-291. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Aoyama and Kanda, 1935
Aoyama, S.; Kanda, E., Studies on the heat capacities at low temperature. Report I. Heat capacities of some organic substances at low temperature, Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imp. Univ. [1]24, 1935, 107-115. [all data]

Maass and Walbauer, 1925
Maass, O.; Walbauer, L.J., The specific heats and latent heats of fusion of ice and of several organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. [all data]

Kruif, 1980
Kruif, C.G., Enthalpies of sublimation and vapour pressures of 11 polycyclic hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 243-248. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Lubomska, Banas, et al., 2002
Lubomska, Monika; Banas, Agnieszka; Malanowski, Stanislaw K., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Binary Systems Formed by Allyl Alcohol with Benzene and with Cyclohexane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 6, 1466-1471, https://doi.org/10.1021/je025540l . [all data]

Liu and Dickhut, 1994
Liu, Kewen; Dickhut, Rebecca M., Saturation vapor pressures and thermodynamic properties of benzene and selected chlorinated benzenes at environmental temperatures, Chemosphere, 1994, 29, 3, 581-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90445-6 . [all data]

Ambrose, Ewing, et al., 1990
Ambrose, D.; Ewing, M.B.; Ghiassee, N.B.; Sanchez Ochoa, J.C., The ebulliometric method of vapour-pressure measurement: vapour pressures of benzene, hexafluorobenzene, and naphthalene, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1990, 22, 6, 589-605, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90151-F . [all data]

Dong, Lin, et al., 1988
Dong, Jin-Quan; Lin, Rui-Sen; Yen, Wen-Hsing, Heats of vaporization and gaseous molar heat capacities of ethanol and the binary mixture of ethanol and benzene, Can. J. Chem., 1988, 66, 4, 783-790, https://doi.org/10.1139/v88-136 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Natarajan, 1983
Natarajan, G., High-temperature calorimeter for the measurement of vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1983, 54, 9, 1175, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137545 . [all data]

Tsonopoulos and Wilson, 1983
Tsonopoulos, Constantine; Wilson, G.M., High-temperature mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water. Part I: Benzene, cyclohexane andn-hexane, AIChE J., 1983, 29, 6, 990-999, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290618 . [all data]

Rao and Viswanath, 1977
Rao, Yaddanapudi J.; Viswanath, Dabir S., Integral isobaric heats of vaporization of benzene-chloroethane systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1977, 22, 1, 36-38, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60072a011 . [all data]

Svoboda, Veselý, et al., 1973
Svoboda, V.; Veselý, F.; Holub, R.; Pick, J., Enthalpy data of liquids. II. The dependence of heats of vaporization of methanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and benzene on temperature, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1973, 38, 12, 3539-3543, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19733539 . [all data]

Mita, Imai, et al., 1971
Mita, Itaru; Imai, Isao; Kambe, Hirotaro, Determination of heat of mixing and heat of vaporization with a differential scanning calorimeter, Thermochimica Acta, 1971, 2, 4, 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(71)85035-9 . [all data]

Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1949, 43, 6, 555-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.043.050 . [all data]

Yarym-Agaev, Fedos'ev, et al., 1949
Yarym-Agaev, N.L.; Fedos'ev, N.N.; Skorikov, K.G., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1949, 11, 1257. [all data]

Thomson, 1946
Thomson, George Wm., The Antoine Equation for Vapor-pressure Data., Chem. Rev., 1946, 38, 1, 1-39, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60119a001 . [all data]

Scott and Brickwedde, 1945
Scott, R.B.; Brickwedde, F.G., Thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid ethylbenzene from 0 to 300 degrees K, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 6, 501-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.024 . [all data]

Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Smith, 1941
Smith, E.R., Boiling points of benzene, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, 3-ethylpentane, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane within the range 100 to 1,500 millimeters of mercury, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1941, 26, 2, 129-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.026.004 . [all data]

Stuckey and Saylor, 1940
Stuckey, James M.; Saylor, John H., The Vapor Pressures of Some Organic Compounds. I. ¹, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 11, 2922-2925, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01868a011 . [all data]

Eon, Pommier, et al., 1971
Eon, C.; Pommier, C.; Guiochon, G., Vapor pressures and second virial coefficients of some five-membered heterocyclic derivatives, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 4, 408-410, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60051a008 . [all data]

Deshpande and Pandya, 1967
Deshpande, D.D.; Pandya, M.V., Thermodynamics of Binary Solutions. Part 2. Vapour Pressures and Excess Free Energies of Aniline Solutions, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 2149-2157, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9676302149 . [all data]

Kalafati, Rasskazov, et al., 1967
Kalafati, D.D.; Rasskazov, D.S.; Petrov, E.K., Experimental Determination of a Dependence of a Saturated Vapor Pressure of Benzene on Temperature, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 1357-1359. [all data]

Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Ha, Morrison, et al., 1976
Ha, H.; Morrison, J.A.; Richards, E.L., Vapour pressures of solid benzene, cyclohexane and their mixtures, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1976, 72, 0, 1051, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19767201051 . [all data]

Hessler, 1984
Hessler, W., Wiss. Zeitschr. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock, Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 9. [all data]

De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977
De Kruif, C.G.; Van Ginkel, C.H.D., Torsion-weighing effusion vapour-pressure measurements on organic compounds, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1977, 9, 8, 725-730, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(77)90015-5 . [all data]

Jackowski, 1974
Jackowski, A.W., Vapour pressures of solid benzene and of solid cyclohexane, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1974, 6, 1, 49-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90205-5 . [all data]

Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H., Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019 . [all data]

Milazzo, 1956
Milazzo, G., Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1956, 46, 1105. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Wolf and Weghofer, 1938
Wolf, K.L.; Weghofer, H., Uber sublimationswarmen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1938, 39, 194-208. [all data]

de Boer, 1936
de Boer, J.H., The influence of van der Waals' forces and primary bonds on binding energy, strength and orientation, with special reference to some artificial resins, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1936, 32, 10, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9363200010 . [all data]

Mündel, 1913
Mündel, C.F., Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1913, 85, 435. [all data]

Ziegler and Andrews, 1942
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H., The heat capacity of benzene-d6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2482-2485. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Smith, 1979
Smith, G.W., Phase behavior of some linear polyphenyls, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1979, 49, 207-209. [all data]

Tschurl, Ueberfluss, et al., 2007
Tschurl, M.; Ueberfluss, C.; Boesl, U., Anion photoelectron, photodetachment, and infrared dissociation spectra of Cl-center dot C6H6, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2007, 439, 1-3, 23-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.059 . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Determination of the Stabilities and Structures of X-(C6H6) Clusters (X = Cl, Br, and I), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 147, 2-3, 174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)85078-4 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

Sunner, Nishizawa, et al., 1981
Sunner, J.; Nishizawa, K.; Kebarle, P., Ion - Solvent Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase. Potassium Ion and Benzene, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 13, 1814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150613a011 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl^-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl^- = RHCl^-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Chowdhury and Kebarle, 1986
Chowdhury, S.; Kebarle, P., Role of Binding Energies in A^-.B and A.B^- Complexes in the Kinetics of Gas Phase Electron Transfer Reactions:A^- + B = A + B^- Involving Perfluoro Compounds: SF₆, C₆F₁₁CF₃, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 9, 4989, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.451687 . [all data]

Davico, Bierbaum, et al., 1995
Davico, G.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Depuy, C.H.; Ellison, G.B.; Squires, R.R., The C-H bond energy of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 9, 2590, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00114a023 . [all data]

Ervin and DeTuro, 2002
Ervin, K.M.; DeTuro, V.F., Anchoring the gas-phase acidity scale, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 42, 9947-9956, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp020594n . [all data]

Alecu, Gao, et al., 2007
Alecu, I.M.; Gao, Y.D.; Hsieh, P.C.; Sand, J.P.; Ors, A.; McLeod, A.; Marshall, P., Studies of the kinetics and thermochemistry of the forward and reverse reaction Cl+C6H6=HCl+C6H5, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2007, 111, 19, 3970-3976, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp067212o . [all data]

Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992
Gunion, R.F.; Gilles, M.K.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Phenide, Benzyl, and Phenoxide Anions., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1992, 117, 601, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)80115-H . [all data]

Meot-ner and Sieck, 1986
Meot-ner, M.; Sieck, L.W., Relative acidities of water and methanol, and the stabilities of the dimer adducts, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 6687. [all data]

Graul and Squires, 1990
Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

Bohme and Young, 1971
Bohme, D.K.; Young, L.B., Electron affinities from thermal proton transfer reactions: C₆H₅ and C₆H₅CH₂, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 2918. [all data]

Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; McIver Jr., The Gas Phase Acidity Scale in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, V. 2, M.T. Bowers, Ed., Academic Press, NY, 1979, Ch. 11, Elsevier, 1979. [all data]

Hiraoka, Fujimaki, et al., 1991
Hiraoka, K.; Fujimaki, S.; Aruga, K.; Yamabe, S., Stability and Structure of Benzene Dimer Cation (C6H6)2+, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 11, 8413, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461270 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Hamlet, P.; Hunter, E.P.; Field, F.H., Bonding Energies in Association Ions of Aromatic Molecules. Correlations with Ionization Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 17, 5466, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a034 . [all data]

Field, Hamlet, et al., 1969
Field, F.H.; Hamlet, P.; Libby, W.F., Effect of Temperature on the Mass Spectrum of Benzene at High Pressures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 11, 2839, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01039a003 . [all data]

Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2000
Amicangelo, J.C.; Armentrout, P.B., Absolute Binding Energies of Alkali-Metal Cation Complexes with Benzene Determined by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and Ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2000, 104, 48, 11420, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp002652f . [all data]

Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978
Woodin, R.L.; Beauchamp, J.L., Bonding of Li+ to Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase. Reversals in Methyl Substituent Effects for Different Reference Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2, 501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a024 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001
Amicangelo, J.C.; Armentrout, P.B., Relative and Absolute Bond Dissociation Energies of Sodium Cation Complexes Determined Using Competitive Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 212, 1-3, 301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00494-8 . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

Guo, Purnell, et al., 1990
Guo, B.C.; Purnell, J.W.; Castleman, A.W., The Clustering Reactions of Benzene with Sodium and Lead Ions, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1990, 168, 2, 155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)85122-S . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; El-Shall, M.S., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 1. Cationic Complexes with Delocalized and Partially Localized pi Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 15, 4386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a026 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion DChemistry of Ferrocene. Thermochemistry of Ionization and Protonation and Solvent Clustering. Slow and Entropy - Driven Proton - Transfer Kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2830, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a014 . [all data]

Meyer, Khan, et al., 1995
Meyer, F.; Khan, F.A.; Armentrout, P.B., Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Benzene complexes: Binding energies of M(C6H6)x+ (x = 1,2) for M = Ti to Cu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 38, 9740, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00143a018 . [all data]

Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Koppen, P.; Bowers, M.T., Binding Energies of Co+(H2/CH4/C2H6)1,2,3 Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 9, 1810, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100111a016 . [all data]

Ernstberger, Krause, et al., 1990
Ernstberger, B.; Krause, H.; Kiermeier, A.; Neusser, H.J., Multiphoton ionization and dissociation of mixed van der Waals clusters in a linear reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 9, 5285, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458603 . [all data]

Ruhl, Bisling, et al., 1986
Ruhl, E.; Bisling, P.G.F.; Brutschy, B.; Baumgartel, H., Photoionization of Aromatic van der Waals Complexes in a Supersonic Jet, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 126, 3-4, 232, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(86)80075-6 . [all data]

Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034 . [all data]

Searles and Kebarle, 1969
Searles, S.K.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Potassium Ion in the Gas Phase: Enthalpies and Entropies of Hydration Reactions K+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = K+(H2O)n for n=1 to n=6, Can. J. Chem., 1969, 47, 14, 2619, https://doi.org/10.1139/v69-432 . [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Lin, Chen, et al., 1997
Lin, C.-Y.; Chen, Q.; Chen, H.; Freiser, B.S., Observing Unimolecular Dissociation of Metastable Ions in FT-ICR: A Novel Application of the Continuous Ejection Technique, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 34, 6023, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970446a . [all data]

Lin and Dunbar, 1997
Lin, C.-Y.; Dunbar, R.C., Radiative Association Kinetics and Binding Energies of Chromium Ions with Benzene and Benzene Derivatives, Organometallics, 1997, 16, 12, 2691, https://doi.org/10.1021/om960949n . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1987
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., A Determination of the Stability and Structure of F^-(C₆H₆) and F^-(C₆F₆) Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 7, 4102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.451920 . [all data]

Gapeev and Dunbar, 2002
Gapeev, A.; Dunbar, R.C., Reactivity and Binding Energies of Transition Metal Halide Ions with Benzene, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2002, 13, 5, 477, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00373-2 . [all data]

Sen Sharma, Ikuta, et al., 1982
Sen Sharma, D.K.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Alkylation of Benzene by Alkyl Cations. Stability of the tert - Butyl Benzenium Ion, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 18, 2325, https://doi.org/10.1139/v82-331 . [all data]

El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987
El-Shall, M.S.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 3. Delocalised pi Systems as Electron Acceptors and Donors, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 5, 1088, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100289a017 . [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Lee and Squires, 1986
Lee, R.E.; Squires, R.R., Anionic homoaromaticity: A gas phase experimental study, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 105, 5078. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Aue, Guidoni, et al., 2000
Aue, D.H.; Guidoni, M.; Betowski, L.D., Ab initio calculated gas-phase basicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 201, 283. [all data]

Nemeth, Selzle, et al., 1993
Nemeth, G.I.; Selzle, H.L.; Schlag, E.W., Magnetic ZEKE experiments with mass analysis, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 215, 151. [all data]

Chewter, Sander, et al., 1987
Chewter, L.A.; Sander, M.; Muller-Dethlefs, K.; Schalg, E.W., High resolution zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of benzene and determination of the ionization potential, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 4737. [all data]

Stahl and Maquin, 1984
Stahl, D.; Maquin, F., Charge-stripping mass spectrometry of molecular ions from polyacenes and molecular orbital theory, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 613. [all data]

Grubb, Whetten, et al., 1984
Grubb, S.G.; Whetten, R.L.; Albrecht, A.C.; Grant, E.R., A precise determination of the first ionization potential of benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 108, 420. [all data]

Arimura and Yoshikawa, 1984
Arimura, M.; Yoshikawa, Y., Ionization efficiency and ionization energy of cyclic compounds by electron impact, Mass Spectrosc. (Tokyo), 1984, 32, 375. [all data]

Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983
Klasinc, L.; Kovac, B.; Gusten, H., Photoelectron spectra of acenes. Electronic structure and substituent effects, Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 289. [all data]

Cetinkaya, Lappert, et al., 1983
Cetinkaya, B.; Lappert, M.F.; Suffolk, R.J., Photoelectron spectra of some sterically hindered phenols and related compounds, J. Chem. Res. Synop., 1983, 316. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Duncan, Dietz, et al., 1981
Duncan, M.A.; Dietz, T.G.; Smalley, R.E., Two-color photoionization of naphthalene and benzene at threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 2118. [all data]

Clare and Sowerby, 1981
Clare, P.; Sowerby, D.B., Electron impact ionisation energies of some halo-cyclotriphosphazenes, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1981, 43, 477. [all data]

Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]

Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978
Sell, J.A.; Mintz, D.M.; Kupperman, A., Photoelectron angular distributions of carbon-carbon π electrons in ethylene, benzene, and their fluorinated derivatives, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 58, 601. [all data]

Mattsson, Karlsson, et al., 1977
Mattsson, L.; Karlsson, L.; Jadrny, R.; Siegbahn, K., Valence electron spectrum of C₆H₆ excited by linearly polarized HeI radiation, Phys. Scr., 1977, 16, 221. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Selim, 1976
Selim, E.T.M., Electron impact study of benzene, Egypt. J. Phys., 1976, 7, 91. [all data]

Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W., An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]

Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976
Baldwin, M.A.; Loudon, A.G.; Maccoll, A.; Webb, K.S., The nature and fragmentation pathways of the molecular ions of some arylureas, arylthioureas, acetanilides, thioacetanilides and related compounds, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 1181. [all data]

Pitt, 1973
Pitt, C.G., Hyperconjugation and its role in group IV chemistry, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 61, 49. [all data]

Tajima, Shimizu, et al., 1972
Tajima, S.; Shimizu, Y.; Tsuchiya, T., The effect of the shield voltage on appearance potential measurements using a mass spectrometer, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1972, 45, 931. [all data]

Finney and Harrison, 1972
Finney, C.D.; Harrison, A.G., A third-derivative method for determining electron-impact onset potentials, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 221. [all data]

Chizhov, Kleimenov, et al., 1972
Chizhov, Yu.V.; Kleimenov, V.I.; Medynskii, G.S.; Vilesov, F.I., Photoelectron spectra of some bromoethylenes and 2-bromopropene, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 2642. [all data]

Sergeev, Akopyan, et al., 1970
Sergeev, Yu.L.; Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I.; Kleimenov, V.I., Photoionization processes in phenyl halides, Opt. i Spektroskopiya, 1970, 29, 119, In original 63. [all data]

Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; El-Sayed, M.A., Ionization potential and structure of olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2622. [all data]

Buchs, 1970
Buchs, A., Etude par spectrometrie de masse de l'ionisation de benzonitriles, de phenylacetonitriles et de N,N-dimethylanilines substitues, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1970, 53, 2026. [all data]

Asbrink, Lindholm, et al., 1970
Asbrink, L.; Lindholm, E.; Edqvist, O., Jahn-Teller effect in the vibrational structure of the photoelectron spectrum of benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 609. [all data]

Peatman, Borne, et al., 1969
Peatman, W.B.; Borne, T.B.; Schlag, E.W., Photoionization resonance spectra. I. Nitric oxide and benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1969, 3, 492. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Momigny, Goffart, et al., 1968
Momigny, J.; Goffart, C.; D'Or, L., Photoionization studies by total ionization measurements. I. Benzene and its monohalogeno derivatives, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 53. [all data]

Bock, Seidl, et al., 1968
Bock, H.; Seidl, H.; Fochler, M., d-Orbitaleffekte in silicium-substituierten π-Elektronensystemen. X. Vertikale Ionisierungsenergien von Alkyl- und Silyl-benzolen, Chem. Ber., 1968, 101, 2815. [all data]

Baker, May, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; May, D.P.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part VII. The vertical ionisation potentials of benzene and some of its monosubstituted and 1,4-disubstituted derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. B, 1968, 22. [all data]

Baker, Brundle, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., The interpretation of photoelectron spectra especially those of benzene and water, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 443. [all data]

Clark and Frost, 1967
Clark, I.D.; Frost, D.C., A study of the energy levels in benzene and some fluorobenzenes by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, 89, 244. [all data]

Nounou, 1966
Nounou, P., Etude des composes aromatiques par spectrometrie de masse. I. Mesure des potentials d'ionisation et d'apparition par la methode du potential retardateur et interpretation des courbes d'ionisation differentielle, J. Chim. Phys., 1966, 63, 994. [all data]

Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B., Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen, Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]

Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C., Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]

Dibeler and Reese, 1964
Dibeler, V.H.; Reese, R.M., Mass spectrometric study of photoionization. I. Apparatus and initial observations on acetylene, acetylene-d₂, benzene, and benzene-d₆, J. Res. NBS, 1964, 68A, 409. [all data]

Al-Joboury and Turner, 1964
Al-Joboury, M.I.; Turner, D.W., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part II. A summary of ionization potentials, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4434. [all data]

Terenin, 1961
Terenin, A., Charge transfer in organic solids, induced by light, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1961, 321. [all data]

El-Sayed, Kaaba, et al., 1961
El-Sayed, M.F.A.; Kaaba, M.; Tanaka, Y., Ionization potentials of benzene, hexadeuterobenzene, and pyridine from their observed Rydberg series in the region 600-2000 A, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 334. [all data]

Wilkinson, 1956
Wilkinson, P.G., Absorption spectra and ionization potentials of benzene and benzene-d₆, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 917. [all data]

Watanabe, 1954
Watanabe, K., Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I. Ionization potentials of several molecules. Cross sections of NH₃ and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1564. [all data]

Hustrulid, Kusch, et al., 1938
Hustrulid, A.; Kusch, P.; Tate, J.T., The dissociation of benzene (C₆H₆), pyridine (C₅H₅N) and cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) by electron impact, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 1037. [all data]

Price and Wood, 1935
Price, W.C.; Wood, R.W., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of C₆H₆ and C₆D₆, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, 439. [all data]

Howell, Goncalves, et al., 1984
Howell, J.O.; Goncalves, J.M.; Amatore, C.; Klasinc, L.; Wightman, R.M.; Kochi, J.K., Electron transfer from aromatic hydrocarbons and their π-complexes with metals. Comparison of the standard oxidation potentials and vertical ionization potentials, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3968. [all data]

Kovac, Mohraz, et al., 1980
Kovac, B.; Mohraz, M.; Heilbronner, E.; Boekelheide, V.; Hopf, H., Photoelectron spectra of the cyclophanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 4314. [all data]

Kaim, Tesmann, et al., 1980
Kaim, W.; Tesmann, H.; Bock, H., Me₃C-, Me₃Si-, Me₃Ge-, Me₃Sn- und Me₃Pb-substituierte benzol- und naphthalin-derivate und ihre radikalanionen, Chem. Ber., 1980, 113, 3221. [all data]

Sell and Kupperman, 1978
Sell, J.A.; Kupperman, A., Angular distributions in the photoelectron spectra of benzene and its monohalogenated derivatives, Chem. Phys., 1978, 33, 367. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Klasinc, Novak, et al., 1978
Klasinc, L.; Novak, I.; Scholz, M.; Kluge, G., Photoelektronenspektren substituierter Pyridine und Benzole und ihre Interpretation durch die CNDO/SWW-Methode, Croat. Chem. Acta, 1978, 51, 43. [all data]

Schmidt, 1977
Schmidt, W., Photoelectron spectra of polynuclear aromatics. V. Correlations with ultraviolet absorption spectra in the catacondensed series, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 828. [all data]

Gower, Kane-Maguire, et al., 1977
Gower, M.; Kane-Maguire, L.A.P.; Maier, J.P.; Sweigart, D.A., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene and mesitylene tricarbonyl complexes of the group 6A metals, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1977, 316. [all data]

Bock, Kaim, et al., 1977
Bock, H.; Kaim, W.; Rohwer, H.E., Radical ions XI*. One-electron oxidation of alkylsilyl benzenes in the gas phase and in solution, J. Organomet. Chem., 1977, 135, 14. [all data]

Clar and Schmidt, 1976
Clar, E.; Schmidt, W., Correlations between photoelectron and phosphorescence spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 2563. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1975
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Angular distribution for the photoelectron spectra of benzene and hexafluorobenzene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 187. [all data]

Bischof, Dewar, et al., 1974
Bischof, P.K.; Dewar, M.J.S.; Goodman, D.W.; Jones, T.B., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. VI. Hyperconjugation versus p_π-d_π bonding in group IVb compounds, J. Organomet. Chem., 1974, 82, 89. [all data]

Schafer and Schweig, 1972
Schafer, W.; Schweig, A., Zur Konjugation in aromatischen Aminen und Phosphanen, Angew. Chem., 1972, 84, 898. [all data]

Klessinger, 1972
Klessinger, M., Ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 525. [all data]

Bock, Wagner, et al., 1972
Bock, H.; Wagner, G.; Kroner, J., Photoelektronenspektren und molekuleigenschaften, XIV. Die delokalisation des schwefel-elektronenpaar in CH₃S-substituierten aromaten, Chem. Ber., 1972, 105, 3850. [all data]

Carlson and Anderson, 1971
Carlson, T.A.; Anderson, C.P., Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectrum for benzene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 10, 561. [all data]

Bock and Fuss, 1971
Bock, H.; Fuss, W., Arguments concerning the orbital sequence in borazin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1971, 10, 182. [all data]

Gleiter, Heilbronner, et al., 1970
Gleiter, R.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V., Lone pair interaction in pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1970, 9, 901. [all data]

Olmsted, Street, et al., 1964
Olmsted, J., III; Street, K., Jr.; Newton, A.S., Excess-kinetic-energy ions in organic mass spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 2114. [all data]

Lifshitz and Reuben, 1969
Lifshitz, C.; Reuben, B.G., Ion-molecule reactions in aromatic systems. I. Secondary ions and reaction rates in benzene, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 951. [all data]

Natalis and Franklin, 1965
Natalis, P.; Franklin, J.L., Ionization and dissociation of diphenyl and condensed ring aromatics by electron impact. I. Biphenyl, diphenylacetylene, and phenanthrene, J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 2935. [all data]

Kuhlewind, Kiermeier, et al., 1986
Kuhlewind, H.; Kiermeier, A.; Neusser, H.J., Multiphoton ionization in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Individual rates of competing dissociation channels in energy-selected benzene cations [Data derived from reported threshold energies taking value of 9.244 eV for IE[Benzene]], J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 4427. [all data]

Eland, Frey, et al., 1976
Eland, J.H.D.; Frey, R.; Schulte, H.; Brehm, B., New results on the fragmentation of the benzene ion, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 21, 209. [all data]

Rosenstock, Larkins, et al., 1973
Rosenstock, H.M.; Larkins, J.T.; Walker, J.A., Interpretation of photoionization thresholds: Quasiequilibrium theory and the fragmentation of benzene, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 309. [all data]

Rosenstock, McCulloh, et al., 1977
Rosenstock, H.M.; McCulloh, K.E.; Lossing, F.P., On the mechanisms of C₆H₆ ionization fragmentation, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1977, 25, 327. [all data]

Hickling and Jennings, 1970
Hickling, R.D.; Jennings, K.R., Kinetic shifts and metastable transitions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 3, 1499. [all data]

Bentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973
Bentley, T.W.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; McMaster, B.N., Appearance potentials of metastable and normal ions and the kinetic shift, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 510. [all data]

Klippenstein, Faulk, et al., 1993
Klippenstein, S.J.; Faulk, J.D.; Dunbar, R.C., A combined theoretical and experimental study of the dissociation of benzene cation, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 243. [all data]

Gross, 1972
Gross, M.L., Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. A means of evaluating 'kinetic shifts', Org. Mass Spectrom., 1972, 6, 827. [all data]

Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Ho, Yang, et al., 1997
Ho, Y.-P.; Yang, Y.-C.; Klippenstein, S.J.; Dunbar, R.C., Binding Energies of Ag+ and Cd+ Complexes from Analysis of Radiative Association Kinetics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 18, 3338, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9637284 . [all data]

Dunbar, Klippenstein, et al., 1996
Dunbar, R.C.; Klippenstein, S.J.; Hrusak, J.; Stockigt, D.; Schwarz, H., Binding Energy of Al(C6H6)+ from the Analysis of Radiative Association Kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 22, 5277, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja953235x . [all data]

Schroeder, Hrusak, et al., 1995
Schroeder, D.; Hrusak, J.; Hertwig, R.H.; Koch, W.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Schwarz, H., Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Gold(I) Complexes Au(L)+ (L=H2O, CO, NH3, C2H4, C3H6, C4H6, C6H6, C6F6), Organometallics, 1995, 14, 1, 312, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00001a045 . [all data]

Willey, Yeh, et al., 1992
Willey, K.F.; Yeh, C.S.; Robbins, D.L.; Duncan, M.A., Charge-transfer in the photodissociation of metal ion-benzene complexes, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 23, 9106, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100202a007 . [all data]

Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986
Wojtyniak, A.C.M.; Stone, A.J., A High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of the Bonding of Trimethylsilylium to Oxygen and Aromatic Bases, Can. J. Chem., 1986, 74, 59. [all data]

Beck and Hecht, 1991
Beck, S.M.; Hecht, J.H., Photofragmentation of Mass - Selected (C6H6)n+ Clusters: Measurement of Monomer - Cluster Binding Energy for n = 7 - 15, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 96, 3, 1975, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462099 . [all data]

Le Barbu, Schiedt, et al., 2002
Le Barbu, K.; Schiedt, J.; Weinkauf, R.; Schlag, E.W.; Nilles, J.M.; Xu, S.J.; Thomas, O.C.; Bowen, K.H., Microsolvation of small anions by aromatic molecules: An exploratory study, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116, 22, 9663-9671, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1475750 . [all data]

Liebman, Romm, et al., 1991
Liebman, J.F.; Romm, M.J.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Cybulski, S.M.; Scheiner, S., Isotropy in ionic interactions. 2. How spherical is the ammonium ion? Comparison of the gas-phase clustering energies and condensed-phase thermochemistry of K+ and NH4+, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 3, 1112, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100156a018 . [all data]

Andersen, Muntean, et al., 2000
Andersen, A.; Muntean, F.; Walter, D.; Rue, C.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision-Induced Dissociation and Theoretical Studies of Mg+ Complexes with CO, CO2, NH3, CH4, CH3OH, and C6H6, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2000, 104, 4, 692, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp993031t . [all data]

Gapeev and Dunbar, 2000
Gapeev, A.; Dunbar, R.C., Binding of Alkaline Earth Halide Ions MX+ to Benzene and Mesitylene, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 13, 5, 477, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00373-2 . [all data]

Judai, Hirano, et al., 1997
Judai, K.; Hirano, M.; Kawamata, H.; Yabushita, S.; Nakajima, A.; Kaya, K., Formation of Vanadium-Arene Complex Anions and Their Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1997, 270, 1-2, 23, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00336-9 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
C_p,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
S°_{solid,1 bar}	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_subH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.