Pentanoic acid

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-117. ± 4.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas105.12 ± 0.15cal/mol*KN/AMcDougall L.A., 1965GT

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-133.6 ± 0.2kcal/molCcbAdriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1965DRB
Δfliquid-133.90 ± 0.16kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964ALS
Δfliquid-133.9 ± 0.2kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964DRB
Δfliquid-130.6 ± 1.4kcal/molCcbHancock, Watson, et al., 1954Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -131. kcal/mol; ALS
Δfliquid-134.6 ± 0.31kcal/molCcbSchjanberg, 1937DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-678.3 ± 0.2kcal/molCcbAdriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1965Corresponding Δfliquid = -133.6 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-677.95 ± 0.16kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964Corresponding Δfliquid = -133.88 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-681.2 ± 1.4kcal/molCcbHancock, Watson, et al., 1954Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -681. kcal/mol; Corresponding Δfliquid = -130.63 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-677.20 ± 0.30kcal/molCcbSchjanberg, 1937Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -676.6 ± 1.0 kcal/mol; At 20 C; Corresponding Δfliquid = -134.63 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid62.101cal/mol*KN/AMcDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965DH
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-678.48kcal/molCcbSkuratov and Bonetskaya, 1966Corresponding Δfsolid = -133.35 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
47.1298.15Konicek and Wadso, 1971DH
50.270298.15McDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965T = 15 to 300 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil459. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 33 out of 40 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus239.7KN/AAdriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1964Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tfus238.7KN/ATimmermans, 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Tfus238.65KN/ATimmermans, 1934Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple239.49KN/AMcDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc644. ± 10.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc35.83atmN/ATeja and Rosenthal, 1991Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.30 atm; TRC
Pc35.81atmN/AAndereya and Chase, 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.39 atm; TRC
Pc35.53atmN/AAmbrose and Ghiassee, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.987 atm; TRC
Pc35.178atmN/AD'Souza and Teja, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.89 atm; Ambrose's procedure; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc2.94mol/lN/ATeja and Anselme, 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap16. ± 1.kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
13.8388.EBAmbrose and Ghiassee, 1987, 2Based on data from 373. to 465. K.; AC
13.9390.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 375. to 523. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
345.6 to 446.93.2018879.771-172.237Kahlbaum, 1883Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
3.38470239.49McDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965DH
3.384239.5Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
14.13239.49McDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C5H9O2- + Hydrogen cation = Pentanoic acid

By formula: C5H9O2- + H+ = C5H10O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr346.2 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSCaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr346.1 ± 2.4kcal/molG+TSMcLuckey, Cameron, et al., 1981gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr339.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr339.1 ± 2.3kcal/molCIDCMcLuckey, Cameron, et al., 1981gas phase; B

2Hydrogen + 3-Pentynoic acid = Pentanoic acid

By formula: 2H2 + C5H6O2 = C5H10O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-65.8 ± 1.2kcal/molChydFlitcroft and Skinner, 1958liquid phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.53PEWatanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C2H4O2+10.8 ± 0.1C3H6EIAudier, Milliet, et al., 1985LBLHLM
C2H5O2+10.4 ± 0.1C3H5EIAudier, Milliet, et al., 1985LBLHLM
C2H402+10.56 ± 0.05C3H6EIHolmes and Lossing, 1980LLK
C2H402+10.56C3H6EIHolmes and Lossing, 1980, 2LLK

De-protonation reactions

C5H9O2- + Hydrogen cation = Pentanoic acid

By formula: C5H9O2- + H+ = C5H10O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr346.2 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSCaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr346.1 ± 2.4kcal/molG+TSMcLuckey, Cameron, et al., 1981gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr339.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr339.1 ± 2.3kcal/molCIDCMcLuckey, Cameron, et al., 1981gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

McDougall L.A., 1965
McDougall L.A., Entropy and related thermodynamic properties of n-valeric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 2307-2310. [all data]

Adriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1965
Adriaanse, N.; Dekker, H.; Coops, J., Heats of combustion of normal saturated fatty acids and their methyl esters, Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays/Bas, 1965, 84, 393-407. [all data]

Lebedeva, 1964
Lebedeva, N.D., Heats of combustion of monocarboxylic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 1435-1437. [all data]

Hancock, Watson, et al., 1954
Hancock, C.K.; Watson, G.M.; Gilby, R.F., Heats of combustion of five-carbon fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl esters, J. Phys. Chem., 1954, 58, 127-129. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Schjanberg, 1937
Schjanberg, E., Die verbrennungswarmen und die refraktionsdaten einiger pentensaureeste, Z. Phys. Chem., 1937, 178, 274-281. [all data]

McDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965
McDougall, L.A.; Kilpatrick, J.E., Entropy and related thermodynamic properties of n-valeric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 2307-2310. [all data]

Skuratov and Bonetskaya, 1966
Skuratov, S.M.; Bonetskaya, A.K., Enthalpy of formation of amide bonds, Polym. Sci. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1966, 8, 1754-1757. [all data]

Konicek and Wadso, 1971
Konicek, J.; Wadso, I., Thermochemical properties of some carboxylic acids, amines and N-substituted amides in aqueous solution, Acta Chem. Scand., 1971, 25, 1541-1551. [all data]

Adriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1964
Adriaanse, N.; Dekker, H.; Coops, J., Some Physical Constants of Normal, Saturated Fatty Acids and Their Methyl Esters, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1964, 83, 557. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Timmermans, 1934
Timmermans, J., Theory of Concentrated Solutions XII., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1934, 43, 626. [all data]

McDougall and Kilpatrick, 1965, 2
McDougall, L.A.; Kilpatrick, J.E., Entropy and Related Thermodynamic Properties of n-Valeric Acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 2307-10. [all data]

Teja and Rosenthal, 1991
Teja, A.S.; Rosenthal, D.J., The critical pressures and temperatures of ten substances using a low residence time flow apparatus in Experimental Results for Phase Equilibria and Pure Component Properties, DIPPR DATA Series No. 1, 1991. [all data]

Andereya and Chase, 1990
Andereya, E.; Chase, J.D., Chem. Eng. Technol., 1990, 13, 304-12. [all data]

Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B., Vapor Pressures and Critical Temperatures and Critical Pressures of Some Alkanoic Acids: C1 to C10, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1987, 19, 505. [all data]

D'Souza and Teja, 1987
D'Souza, R.; Teja, A.S., The prediction of the vapor pressures of carboxylic acids, Chem. Eng. Commun., 1987, 61, 13. [all data]

Teja and Anselme, 1990
Teja, A.S.; Anselme, M.J., The critical properties of thermally stable and unstable fluids. I. 1985 results, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1990, 86, 279, 115-21. [all data]

Ambrose and Ghiassee, 1987, 2
Ambrose, D.; Ghiassee, N.B., Vapour pressures and critical temperatures and critical pressures of some alkanoic acids: C1 to C10, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1987, 19, 5, 505-519, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(87)90147-9 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Kahlbaum, 1883
Kahlbaum, Georg W.A., Ueber die Abhängigkeit der Siedetemperatur vom Luftdruck, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1883, 16, 2, 2476-2484, https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188301602178 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.; Renneboog, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Acidities of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Based on Measurements of Proton Transfer Equilibria, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 4, 661, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-092 . [all data]

McLuckey, Cameron, et al., 1981
McLuckey, S.A.; Cameron, D.; Cooks, R.G., Proton affinities from the dissociation of proton bound dimers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 1313. [all data]

Flitcroft and Skinner, 1958
Flitcroft, T.L.; Skinner, H.A., Heats of hydrogenation Part 2.-Acetylene derivatives, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 47-53. [all data]

Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973
Watanabe, I.; Yokoyama, Y.; Ikeda, S., Lone pair ionization potentials of carboxylic acids determined by He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 1959. [all data]

Audier, Milliet, et al., 1985
Audier, H.; Milliet, A.; Sozzi, G., Isomerisation des cation radicaux acides pentanoique et methyl-3-butanoique in phase gazeuse, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1985, 5, 833. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Thermochemistry and unimolecular reactions of ionized acetic acid and its enol in the gas phase., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3732. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1980, 2
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Gas-phase heats of formation of keto and enol ions of carbonyl compounds., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1591. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References