1,2-Butadiene

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas38.77 ± 0.14kcal/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951ALS
Δfgas39.53 ± 0.28kcal/molCcbProsen, Maron, et al., 1949ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-619.93 ± 0.13kcal/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951Corresponding Δfgas = 38.78 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcgas-620.69 ± 0.28kcal/molCcbProsen, Maron, et al., 1949Corresponding Δfgas = 39.54 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
8.56450.Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997Recommended values are in close agreement with those obtained from earlier statistical thermodynamics calculation [ Kilpatrick J.E., 1949].; GT
10.91100.
13.00150.
14.94200.
17.93273.15
19.00298.15
19.08300.
23.33400.
27.185500.
30.502600.
33.351700.
35.80800.
38.19900.
39.791000.
41.421100.
42.811200.
44.021300.
45.081400.
45.981500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid49.281cal/mol*KN/AAston and Szasz, 1947 

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
29.350290.Aston and Szasz, 1947T = 14 to 282 K.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil284.KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tboil291.7KN/AFeugeas and Giusti, 1968Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tboil284.06KN/AStreiff, Murphy, et al., 1946Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Tboil283.5KN/AHurd and Meinert, 1931Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus136.940KN/AStreiff, Murphy, et al., 1947Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Tfus136.960KN/AStreiff, Murphy, et al., 1947Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple136.920KN/AAston and Szasz, 1947, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Ttriple136.950KN/AAston and Szasz, 1947, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple136.94KN/ATooke and Aston, 1945Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.08 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap5.660kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap5.71kcal/molN/AReid, 1972AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
5.8850273.24N/AAston and Szasz, 1947P = 66.41 kPa; DH
5.741284.N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
6.05276.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 243. to 291. K.; AC
6.31228.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 204. to 243. K.; AC
5.88 ± 0.06273.25CAston and Szasz, 1947, 3ALS
5.88 ± 0.02273.CAston and Szasz, 1947AC
6.02276.N/AStull, 1947Based on data from 184. to 291. K.; AC

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
21.54273.24Aston and Szasz, 1947P; DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
184. to 291.73.77588941.601-42.565Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.6638136.92Aston and Szasz, 1947DH
1.66136.9Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
12.15136.92Aston and Szasz, 1947DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C4H5- + Hydrogen cation = 1,2-Butadiene

By formula: C4H5- + H+ = C4H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr384.3 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSN/Agas phase; Relative to dGacid(MeOH)= 375. Acid: MeCH=C=CH2; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr376.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREN/Agas phase; Relative to dGacid(MeOH)= 375. Acid: MeCH=C=CH2; B

1,2-Butadiene = 1,3-Butadiene

By formula: C4H6 = C4H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.78 ± 0.16kcal/molCcbProsen, Maron, et al., 1949gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C4H6+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)186.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity179.2kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.03PEBeez, Bieri, et al., 1973LLK
9.23 ± 0.02PIParr and Elder, 1968RDSH
9.33 ± 0.02PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK
9.0PEWhite, Carlson, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
9.33PEBrogli, Crandall, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH3+14.4 ± 0.2?EICollin and Lossing, 1957RDSH
C3H3+10.86 ± 0.04CH3PIParr and Elder, 1968RDSH
C4H5+11.04 ± 0.04HPIParr and Elder, 1968RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C4H5- + Hydrogen cation = 1,2-Butadiene

By formula: C4H5- + H+ = C4H6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr384.3 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSN/Agas phase; Relative to dGacid(MeOH)= 375. Acid: MeCH=C=CH2; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr376.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREN/Agas phase; Relative to dGacid(MeOH)= 375. Acid: MeCH=C=CH2; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C4 hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1949
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heat of isomerization of the two butadienes, J. Res. NBS, 1949, 42, 269-275. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Kilpatrick J.E., 1949
Kilpatrick J.E., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the C3 to C5 diolefins, styrene, and the methylstyrenes, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1949, 42, 225-240. [all data]

Aston and Szasz, 1947
Aston, J.G.; Szasz, G.J., The thermodynamics of butadiene-1,2 from calorimetric and spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 3108-3114. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Feugeas and Giusti, 1968
Feugeas, C.; Giusti, G.L., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. C, 1968, 267, 84. [all data]

Streiff, Murphy, et al., 1946
Streiff, A.J.; Murphy, E.T.; Cahill, J.C.; Soule, L.F.; Sedlak, V.A.; Willingham, C.B.; Rossini, F.D., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 6, unpublished, Natl. Bur. Stand., 1946. [all data]

Hurd and Meinert, 1931
Hurd, C.D.; Meinert, R.N., Synthesis and pyrolysis of methylallene and ethylacetylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 289-300. [all data]

Streiff, Murphy, et al., 1947
Streiff, A.J.; Murphy, E.T.; Zimmerman, J.C.; Soule, L.F.; Sedlak, V.A.; Willingham, C.B.; Rossini, F.D., Purification, purity, and freezing points of n-decane, 4 alkylcyclopentanes 9 alkylcyclohexanes, 2 monoolefins, 1,2-butadiene, and 2-butyne of the API-standard and API-NBS series., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1947, 39, 321. [all data]

Aston and Szasz, 1947, 2
Aston, J.G.; Szasz, G.J., The Thermodynamics of Butadiene-1,2 from Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 3108. [all data]

Tooke and Aston, 1945
Tooke, J.W.; Aston, J.G., Solid Solutions in Hydrocarbon Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1945, 67, 2275. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Aston and Szasz, 1947, 3
Aston, J.G.; Szasz, G.J., The thermodynamics of butadiene-1,2 from calorimetric and spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 3108-31. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Beez, Bieri, et al., 1973
Beez, M.; Bieri, G.; Bock, H.; Heilbronner, E., The ionization potentials of butadiene, hexatriene, andtheir methyl derivatives: evidence for through space interaction between double bond π-orbitals and non-bonded pseudo-π orbitals of methyl groups?, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1973, 56, 1028. [all data]

Parr and Elder, 1968
Parr, A.C.; Elder, F.A., Photoionization of 1,3butadiene, 1,2-butadiene, allene, and propyne, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2659. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

White, Carlson, et al., 1974
White, R.M.; Carlson, T.A.; Spears, D.P., Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectra for ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 59. [all data]

Brogli, Crandall, et al., 1973
Brogli, F.; Crandall, J.K.; Heilbronner, E.; Kloster-Jensen, E.; Sojka, S.A., The photoelectron spectra of methyl-substituted allenes and of tetramethyl-bisallenyl, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 455. [all data]

Collin and Lossing, 1957
Collin, J.; Lossing, F.P., Ionization and dissociation of allene, propyne, 1-butyne, and 1,2- and 1,3-butadienes by electron impact; the C3H3+ ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5848. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References