Propanal, 2-methyl-

• Formula: C₄H₈O
• Molecular weight: 72.1057
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-4(2)3-5/h3-4H,1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 78-84-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Isobutyraldehyde; α-Methylpropionaldehyde; Isobutanal; Isopropylaldehyde; Isopropylformaldehyde; 2-Methylpropanal; 2-Methylpropionaldehyde; iso-C3H7CHO; Isobutylaldehyde; Isobutyric aldehyde; 2-Methyl-1-propanal; Isobutyraldehyd; Propionaldehyde, 2-methyl-; Valine aldehyde; Isobutaldehyde; Isobutyryl aldehyde; Methyl propanal; NCI-C60968; UN 2045; Isobutyral; NSC 6739; 2-methylpropanal (isobutanal)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₄H₇O^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₇O^- + H⁺ = C₄H₈O

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₄H₈O = C₄H₁₀O

(CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8 • 4294967295C₄H₈O) + C₄H₈O = CAS Reg. No. 35730-34-8

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₁₀O = H₂ + C₄H₈O

 +  = 2 + 

By formula: C₆H₁₄O₂ + H₂O = 2CH₄O + C₄H₈O

 +  =

By formula: H₂O + C₄H₈O = C₄H₁₀O₂

3 =

By formula: 3C₄H₈O = C₁₂H₂₄O₃

=

By formula: C₄H₈O = C₄H₈O

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₈O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₄H₇O^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₇O^- + H⁺ = C₄H₈O

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Gubareva and Gerasimov, 1990
Gubareva, A.I.; Gerasimov, P.A., Physicochemical properties of isobutyraldehyde, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1990, 63, 844-846. [all data]

Connett, 1975
Connett, J.E., Chemical equilibria 6. Measurement of equilibrium constants for the dehydrogenation of 2-methylpropan-1-ol by a vapour-flow technique, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 1159-1162. [all data]

Tjebbes, 1962
Tjebbes, J., Heats of combustion of propanal and 2-methyl propanal, Acta Chem. Scand., 1962, 16, 953-857. [all data]

Tjebbes, 1962, 2
Tjebbes, J., Acta Chem. Scand., 1962, 16, 953. [all data]

Anonymous, 1958
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Ohio State Univ., 1958. [all data]

Cook, 1952
Cook, N.C., , Unpublished, Final Rep. Stand. Proj. on Oxygenated Compounds, Penn. State Univ., College Park, PA, 1952. [all data]

Timmermans, 1922
Timmermans, J., Investigation of the Freezing Point of Organic Substances VII, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1922, 31, 389. [all data]

Eng and Sandler, 1984
Eng, Robert; Sandler, Stanley I., Vapor-liquid equilibria for three aldehyde/hydrocarbon mixtures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1984, 29, 2, 156-161, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00036a017 . [all data]

Brazhnikov, Peshchenko, et al., 1976
Brazhnikov, M.M.; Peshchenko, A.D.; Ral'ko, O.V., Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1976, 49, 1041. [all data]

Wojtasinski, 1963
Wojtasinski, Jerome G., Measurement of Total Pressures for Determining Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Relations of the Binary System Isobutyraldehyde n-Butyraldehyde., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 381-385, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a028 . [all data]

Seprakova, Paulech, et al., 1959
Seprakova, M.; Paulech, J.; Dykyj, J., Dampfdruck der Butyraldehyde, Chem. Zvesti, 1959, 13, 313-316. [all data]

Alconcel, Deyerl, et al., 2001
Alconcel, L.S.; Deyerl, H.J.; Continetti, R.E., Effects of alkyl substitution on the energetics of enolate anions and radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 50, 12675-12681, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0120431 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Wiberg and Squires, 1981
Wiberg, K.B.; Squires, R.R., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl reactions. 2. Steric effects in acetal and ketal hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4473-4478. [all data]

Green and Hine, 1973
Green, L.R.; Hine, J., Isobutyraldehyde. The kinetics of acid- and base-catalyzed equilibrations in water, J. Org. Chem., 1973, 38, 2801-28. [all data]

Ogorodnikov, Katsnel'son, et al., 1990
Ogorodnikov, A.L.; Katsnel'son, M.G.; Pinson, V.V.; Levin, Yu.V., Study of thermodynamic characteristics of a butyraldehyde-cyclic trimer system, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1990, 63, 1340-1343. [all data]

Farberov, Bondarenko, et al., 1984
Farberov, M.I.; Bondarenko, A.V.; Tsilyurik, T.V.; Srednev, S.S.; Shutova, I.A., Epoxidation of isobutene with organic hydroperoxides, and certain syntheses on this basis, J. Anal. Chem. USSR, 1984, 57, 1915-1919. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Traeger and McAdoo, 1986
Traeger, J.C.; McAdoo, D.J., Decomposition thresholds and associated translational energy releases for eight C₄H₈O⁺ isomers, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1986, 68, 35. [all data]

Hernandez, Masclet, et al., 1977
Hernandez, R.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectroscopie de photoelectrons d'aldehydes et de cetones aliphatiques, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1977, 10, 333. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Tam, Yee, et al., 1974
Tam, W.-C.; Yee, D.; Brion, C.E., Photoelectron spectra of some aldehydes and ketones, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 4, 77. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.