Benzyl radical

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas49.5 ± 1.kcal/molN/ATsang, 1996 

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to C7H7+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)7.242 ± 0.006eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)198.7kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity191.4kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δf(+) ion215. ± 1.6kcal/molN/AN/A 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ΔfH(+) ion,0K219.6 ± 1.2kcal/molN/AN/A 

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.9120 ± 0.0060LPESGunion, Gilles, et al., 1992 Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999, with LN2 cooling of the ion, gives the same EA; B
0.979 ± 0.093D-EABartmess, Scott, et al., 1979value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
0.863 ± 0.013LPDDrzaic and Brauman, 1984B
0.885 ± 0.065LPDRichardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975B
2.350 ± 0.069SIFailes, Joyce, et al., 1976The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B
1.0841SIPage, 1972The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B
0.758873SIPage and Goode, 1969The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B
0.7979SIGaines and Page, 1968The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
7.236LSIm and Bernstein, 1991T = 0K; LL
7.2488 ± 0.0006TEEiden, Weinhold, et al., 1991T = 0K; LL
7.2477 ± 0.0017LSEiden and Weisshaar, 1991T = 0K; LL
7.2DERGriller and Lossing, 1981LLK
7.20 ± 0.02PEHoule and Beauchamp, 1978LLK
≤7.27 ± 0.03EILossing, 1971LLK
7.63PIElder and Parr, 1969RDSH
7.5 ± 0.1SAkopyan and Vilesov, 1966RDSH
7.76 ± 0.08EIHarrison, Kebarle, et al., 1961RDSH
7.43 ± 0.06PEKoenig, Snell, et al., 1976Vertical value; LLK

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Tsang, 1996
Tsang, W., Heats of Formation of Organic Free Radicals by Kinetic Methods in Energetics of Organic Free Radicals, Martinho Simoes, J.A.; Greenberg, A.; Liebman, J.F., eds., Blackie Academic and Professional, London, 1996, 22-58. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Gunion, Gilles, et al., 1992
Gunion, R.F.; Gilles, M.K.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Phenide, Benzyl, and Phenoxide Anions., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1992, 117, 601, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)80115-H . [all data]

Kim, Wenthold, et al., 1999
Kim, J.B.; Wenthold, P.G.; Lineberger, W.C., Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of o-, m-, and p-halobenzyl anions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 50, 10833-10841, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp992817o . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Drzaic and Brauman, 1984
Drzaic, P.S.; Brauman, J.I., A determination of the singlet-triplet splitting in phenylnitrene via photoelectron detachment, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 5285. [all data]

Richardson, Stephenson, et al., 1975
Richardson, J.H.; Stephenson, L.M.; Brauman, J.I., Photodetachment of electrons from large molecular systems: Benzyl anion. An upper Limitlto the electron affinity of C6H5CH2, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 74. [all data]

Failes, Joyce, et al., 1976
Failes, R.L.; Joyce, J.T.; Walton, E.C., The behaviour of some dimethyl and trimethyl substituted pyridines in the magnetron, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1976, 9, 1543. [all data]

Page, 1972
Page, F.M., Experimental determination of the electron affinities of inorganic radicals, Adv. Chem. Ser., 1972, 36, 68. [all data]

Page and Goode, 1969
Page, F.M.; Goode, G.C., Negative Ions and the Magnetron., Wiley, NY, 1969. [all data]

Gaines and Page, 1968
Gaines, A.F.; Page, F.M., The Stabilities of Negative Ions.I. The Methyl-, Diphenylmethyl, and Triphenylmethyl Negative Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 4-5, 315, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(68)85008-9 . [all data]

Im and Bernstein, 1991
Im, H.S.; Bernstein, E.R., Mass resolved excitation spectroscopy of radicals: benzyl and phenylnitrene, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 6326. [all data]

Eiden, Weinhold, et al., 1991
Eiden, G.C.; Weinhold, F.; Weisshar, J.C., Photoelectron spectroscopy of free radicals with cm-1 resolution: The benzyl cation, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 8665. [all data]

Eiden and Weisshaar, 1991
Eiden, G.C.; Weisshaar, J.C., Adiabatic ionization potential of benzyl radical by two-color resonant two-photon ionization, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 6194. [all data]

Griller and Lossing, 1981
Griller, D.; Lossing, F.P., On the thermochemistry of α-aminoalkyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 1586. [all data]

Houle and Beauchamp, 1978
Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Detection and investigation of allyl and benzyl radicals by photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 3290. [all data]

Lossing, 1971
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIII. Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for vinyl, allyl, and benzyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 357. [all data]

Elder and Parr, 1969
Elder, F.A.; Parr, A.C., Photoionization of the cycloheptatrienyl radical, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 1027. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1966
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., A mass-spectrometric study of the photo-ionisation of benzene derivatives at wavelengths up to 885 A, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1966, 40, 125, In original 63. [all data]

Harrison, Kebarle, et al., 1961
Harrison, A.G.; Kebarle, P.; Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XXI. The ionization potentials of some meta and para substituted benzyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 777. [all data]

Koenig, Snell, et al., 1976
Koenig, T.; Snell, W.; Chang, J.C., The He(I) photoelectron spectra of benzyl and α-cyanoisopropyl radicals, Tetrahedron Lett., 1976, 50, 4569. [all data]


Notes

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