2,5-Norbornadiene

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas240. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
105.60298.15Walsh R., 1975Selected value of S(298.15 K) is in excellent agreement with that calculated by force field method [ Lenz T.G., 1989].; GT
106.36300.
144.47400.
176.36500.
202.00600.
222.80700.
239.95800.
254.35900.
266.481000.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid213.8 ± 3.0kJ/molCcbSteele, 1978ALS
Δfliquid178.7 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbHall, Smith, et al., 1973ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-4111.7 ± 3.0kJ/molCcbSteele, 1978Corresponding Δfliquid = 213.8 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-4076.7 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbHall, Smith, et al., 1973Corresponding Δfliquid = 178.8 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-4099.kJ/molCcbSkuratov, Kozina, et al., 1958Corresponding Δfliquid = 201. kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
161.2298.15Steele, 1978DH
116.1297.Hall, Smith, et al., 1973DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil362.7KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil363.4KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Tboil355.4KN/ATurner, Meador, et al., 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus254.0KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Tfus205.15KN/ABrooks and Pilcher, 1959Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap34. ± 1.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
33.6315.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 300. to 364. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.91255.6Bykova, Smirnova, et al., 2004AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Tetracyclo[3.2.0.0(2,7).0(4,6)]heptane = 2,5-Norbornadiene

By formula: C7H8 = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-90. ± 30.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points

C7H7- + Hydrogen cation = 2,5-Norbornadiene

By formula: C7H7- + H+ = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1672. ± 7.5kJ/molG+TSLee and Squires, 1986gas phase; Between EtNH2, nPrNH2; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1637. ± 6.3kJ/molIMRBLee and Squires, 1986gas phase; Between EtNH2, nPrNH2; B
Δr1628. ± 21.kJ/molIMRBWright and Beauchamp, 1981gas phase; B

2,5-Norbornadiene + 2Hydrogen = Norbornane

By formula: C7H8 + 2H2 = C7H12

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-296. ± 1.kJ/molChydDoering, Roth, et al., 1988gas phase; ALS
Δr-291.9 ± 1.5kJ/molChydRogers, Choi, et al., 1980liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; ALS
Δr-285.0 ± 1.7kJ/molChydTurner, Meador, et al., 1957, 2liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; ALS

2,5-Norbornadiene = 1,3-Cyclopentadiene + Acetylene

By formula: C7H8 = C5H6 + C2H2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr117.2 ± 2.1kJ/molKinWalsh and Wells, 1975gas phase; Reanalyzed by Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986, Original value = 118.7 ± 1.3 kJ/mol; ALS

2,5-Norbornadiene = Tetracyclo[3.2.0.0(2,7).0(4,6)]heptane

By formula: C7H8 = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59. ± 4.kJ/molCisoHarel, Adamson, et al., 1987liquid phase; solvent: Cyclohexane; Photocalorimetry; ALS

1,3-Cyclopentadiene + Acetylene = 2,5-Norbornadiene

By formula: C5H6 + C2H2 = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-117. ± 2.kJ/molEqkWalsh and Wells, 1975gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C7H8+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)8.38 ± 0.04eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)849.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity820.3kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.4PEOhno, Ishide, et al., 1985LBLHLM
8.35PITraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
8.35PETraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
8.42PEDemeo and Yencha, 1970RDSH
8.42 ± 0.02PIDemeo and El-Sayed, 1970RDSH
8.69PEHouk, Rondan, et al., 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.7PEBieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.73PEWorley and Webb, 1980Vertical value; LLK
8.73PEWorley, Webb, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK
8.69PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
8.69PECowling, Johnstone, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK
8.6PEPalmer and Findlay, 1972Vertical value; LLK
8.69PEHeilbronner and Martin, 1972Vertical value; LLK
8.70PEBischof, Heilbronner, et al., 1971Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C7H7+9.25HPITraeger and McLoughlin, 1978LLK
C7H7+9.75HEIDolejsek, Hanus, et al., 1962RDSH
C7H7+9.6HEIMeyerson, McCollum, et al., 1961RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C7H7- + Hydrogen cation = 2,5-Norbornadiene

By formula: C7H7- + H+ = C7H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1672. ± 7.5kJ/molG+TSLee and Squires, 1986gas phase; Between EtNH2, nPrNH2; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1637. ± 6.3kJ/molIMRBLee and Squires, 1986gas phase; Between EtNH2, nPrNH2; B
Δr1628. ± 21.kJ/molIMRBWright and Beauchamp, 1981gas phase; B

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-4679
NIST MS number 229218

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101100.711.Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillaryOV-10180.707.Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane100.691.1Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane80.686.3Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-54100.722.8Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySE-5480.718.3Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryBP-1100.712.Bermejo, Blanco, et al., 1987N2; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryBP-180.708.Bermejo, Blanco, et al., 1987N2; Column length: 12. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.711.Bermejo, Blanco, et al., 1987N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillaryOV-10180.707.Bermejo, Blanco, et al., 1987N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
CapillarySqualane40.681.2Stopp, Engewald, et al., 1978Column length: 70. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
PackedSqualane27.678.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.683.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.687.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.691.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH698.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101706.Zenkevich, 200525. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101708.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySqualane686.Chen, 2008Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Walsh R., 1975
Walsh R., The enthalpy of formation of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene. Thermodynamic functions of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 149-154. [all data]

Lenz T.G., 1989
Lenz T.G., Force-field calculations giving accurate conformation, Hf(T), S(T), and Cp(T) for unsaturated acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 1588-1592. [all data]

Steele, 1978
Steele, W.V., The standard enthalpies of formation of a series of C7, bridged-ring hydrocarbons: norbornane, norbornene, nortricyclene, norbornadiene, and quadricyclane, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 919-927. [all data]

Hall, Smith, et al., 1973
Hall, H.K., Jr.; Smith, C.D.; Baldt, J.H., Enthalpies of formation of norticyclene, norbornene, norbornadiene, and quadricyclane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3197-3201. [all data]

Skuratov, Kozina, et al., 1958
Skuratov, S.M.; Kozina, M.P.; Shtocher, S.M.; Prevalova, N.M.; Kamkina, L.S.; Zuko, V.D., Heats of combustion of cyclic compounds, Bull. Chem. Thermodyn., 1958, 1, 21. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Turner, Meador, et al., 1957
Turner, R.B.; Meador, W.R.; Winkler, R.E., Heats of Hydrogenation I. Apparatus and the Heats of Hydrogenation of Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene, Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene, and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4116. [all data]

Brooks and Pilcher, 1959
Brooks, J.H.; Pilcher, G., A Simple Melting Point Calorimeter for Moderately Precise Determination of Purity, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1959, 1535. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Bykova, Smirnova, et al., 2004
Bykova, T.A.; Smirnova, N.N.; Nikishchenkova, L.V.; Belov, G.P.; Novikova, E.V., Zh. Fiz. Khim., 2004, 78, 11, 1944. [all data]

Lee and Squires, 1986
Lee, R.E.; Squires, R.R., Anionic homoaromaticity: A gas phase experimental study, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 105, 5078. [all data]

Wright and Beauchamp, 1981
Wright, C.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Infrared spectra of gas phase ions and their use in elucidating reaction mechanisms. Identification of C7H7- structural isomers by multiphoton electron detachment using a low-powered laser, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 6499. [all data]

Doering, Roth, et al., 1988
Doering, W.E.; Roth, W.R.; Breuckmann, R.; Figge, L.; Lennartz, H.-W.; Fessner, W.-D.; Prinzbach, F.H., Verbotene Reaktionen. - [2 + 2]-Cycloreversion starrer Cyclobutane, Chem. Ber., 1988, 121, 1-9. [all data]

Rogers, Choi, et al., 1980
Rogers, D.W.; Choi, L.S.; Girellini, R.S., Heats of hydrogenation and formation of quadricyclene, norbornadiene, norbornene, and nortricyclene, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 1810-1814. [all data]

Turner, Meador, et al., 1957, 2
Turner, R.B.; Meador, W.R.; Winkler, R.E., Heats of hydrogenation. I. Apparatus and the heats of hydrogenation of bicyclo[2,2,1]heptene, bicyclo[2,2,1]heptadiene, bicyclo[2,2,2]octene and bicyclo[2,2,2]octadiene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 4116-4121. [all data]

Walsh and Wells, 1975
Walsh, R.; Wells, J.M., The enthalpy of formation of bicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene. Thermodynamic functions of bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane and bicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 149-154. [all data]

Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986
Pedley, J.B.; Naylor, R.D.; Kirby, S.P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986, 1-792. [all data]

Harel, Adamson, et al., 1987
Harel, Y.; Adamson, A.W.; Kutal, C.; Grutsch, P.A.; Yasufuku, K., Photocalorimetry. 6. Enthalpies of isomerization of norbornadiene and of substituted norbornadienes to corresponding quadricyclenes, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 901-904. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ohno, Ishide, et al., 1985
Ohno, K.; Ishide, T.; Naitoh, Y.; Izumi, Y., Study of stereochemical properties of molecular orbitals by penning ionization electron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 8082. [all data]

Traeger and McLoughlin, 1978
Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G., A photoionization study of the energetics of C7H7+ ion formed from C7H8 precursors, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 319. [all data]

Demeo and Yencha, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; Yencha, A.J., Photoelectron spectra of bicyclic and exocyclic olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 4536. [all data]

Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; El-Sayed, M.A., Ionization potential and structure of olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2622. [all data]

Houk, Rondan, et al., 1983
Houk, K.N.; Rondan, N.G.; Paddon-Row, M.N.; Jefford, C.W.; Huy, P.T.; Burrow, P.D.; Jordan, K.D., Ionization potentials, electron affinities, and molecular orbitals of 2-substituted norbornadienes. Theory of 1,2 and homo-1,4 carbene cycloaddition selectivities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 5563. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Worley and Webb, 1980
Worley, S.D.; Webb, T.R., The electronic structure of transition-metal carbonyl complexes of norbornadiene and mesitylene, J. Organomet. Chem., 1980, 192, 139. [all data]

Worley, Webb, et al., 1979
Worley, S.D.; Webb, T.R.; Gibson, D.H.; Ong, T.-S., On the electronic structures of cyclobutadiene trimethylenemethane, J. Organomet. Chem., 1979, 168, 16. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A new rule for photoelectron angular distributions of molecules, Phys. Lett. A, 1978, 69, 31. [all data]

Cowling, Johnstone, et al., 1973
Cowling, S.A.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Gorman, A.A.; Smith, P.G., Photoelectron spectrum of 5-methylenenorborn-2-ene and through-space interactions (homobutadiene conjugation), J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 627. [all data]

Palmer and Findlay, 1972
Palmer, M.H.; Findlay, R.H., Ab initio molecular orbital calculations, the electronic structure and electron spectrum of norbornadiene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1972, 15, 416. [all data]

Heilbronner and Martin, 1972
Heilbronner, E.; Martin, H.D., The π-orbital sequence in norbornadiene and related hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1972, 55, 1490. [all data]

Bischof, Heilbronner, et al., 1971
Bischof, P.; Heilbronner, E.; Prinzbach, H.; Martin, H.D., A photoelectron-spectroscopic investigation of the homoconjugative interaction between π- and Walsh-orbitals in endo- and exo- cyclopropano-norbornene, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1971, 54, 1072. [all data]

Dolejsek, Hanus, et al., 1962
Dolejsek, Z.; Hanus, V.; Prinzbach, H., Das massenspektrometrische Verhalten von Quadricyclen, Angew. Chem., 1962, 74, 902. [all data]

Meyerson, McCollum, et al., 1961
Meyerson, S.; McCollum, J.D.; Rylander, P.N., Organic ions in the gas phase. VIII. Bicycloheptadiene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 1401. [all data]

Diez, Guillen, et al., 1990
Diez, M.A.; Guillen, M.D.; Blanco, C.G.; Bermejo, J., Chromatographic study of methylcyclopentadiene dimers and iso-dimers and determination of their boiling points, J. Chromatogr., 1990, 508, 363-374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91279-2 . [all data]

Bermejo, Blanco, et al., 1987
Bermejo, J.; Blanco, C.G.; Diez, M.A.; Guillén, M.D., Kováts retention indices of selected mono and polycyclic olefins, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1987, 10, 8, 461-463, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100809 . [all data]

Stopp, Engewald, et al., 1978
Stopp, I.; Engewald, W.; Kühn, H.; Welsch, Th., Molekülstruktur und retentionsverhalten. VIII. Zum gaschromatographischen retentionsverhalten von dicyclopentadienderivaten, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 147, 21-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)85113-4 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 1. Fraction boiling at yp to 160 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 1, 30-39. [all data]

Chen, 2008
Chen, H.-F., Quantitative prediction of gas chromatography retention indices with support vector machines, radial basis neutral networks and multiple linear regression, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 609, 1, 24-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.003 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References