Methane

• Formula: CH₄
• Molecular weight: 16.0425
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-82-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; CH4; Fire Damp; R 50; Biogas; R 50 (refrigerant)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 112
  • Ion clustering data
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Entropy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

CH₃^- +  =

By formula: CH₃^- + H⁺ = CH₄

(CH₅⁺ • ) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄)

CH₅⁺ +  = (CH₅⁺ • )

By formula: CH₅⁺ + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • CH₄)

C₂H₅⁺ +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅⁺ + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • CH₄)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 3CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + H₂ = (Co⁺ • H₂ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂)

Enthalpy of reaction

 (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₃MnO₅ (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) + CH₄ (g)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 2CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

(CH₅⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

 (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) = CH₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) =  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) = C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P (solution) + CH₄ (solution)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • CH₄)

 +  =  + 

By formula: HI + CH₃I = CH₄ + I₂

(C₂H₅⁺ • 9) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 7) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 8) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 8) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂O) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (H₃O⁺ • 2CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₆) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CH₄ = (H₄N⁺ • CH₄)

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃Li (cr) = CH₄ (g) + BrLi (cr)

2 +  =  + 2

By formula: 2H₂ + CH₂Cl₂ = CH₄ + 2HCl

 (l) + ( • 100) (solution) = 2 (g) + ( • 100) (solution)

By formula: C₂H₆Zn (l) + (H₂O₄S • 100H₂O) (solution) = 2CH₄ (g) + (O₄SZn • 100H₂O) (solution)

(CH₅⁺ • 4) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 5) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 6) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 7) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 3) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 4) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 5) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 6) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 7) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 8) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 2) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 3) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 4) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 5) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 6) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 2) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 3) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 4) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 5) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 6) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 7) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄)

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to CH₄⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

CH₃^- +  =

By formula: CH₃^- + H⁺ = CH₄

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (150 mmHg DILUTED TO A TOTAL PRESSURE OF 600 mmHg WITH N2); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   T_d     Symmetry Number σ = 12

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

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Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]

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Roth, W.A.; Banse, H., Die verbrennungs- und bildungswarme von kohlenoxyd und methan, Arch. Eisenhutten., 1932, 6, 43-46. [all data]

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Rossini, F.D., The heats of combustion of methane and carbon monoxide, J. Res. NBS, 1931, 6, 37-49. [all data]

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Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

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Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

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Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F., Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]

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Terry, M.J.; Lynch, J.T.; Bunclark, M.; Mansell, K.R.; Staveley, L.A.K., The Densities of Liquid Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Methane and Carbon Tetrafluoride Along the Orthobaric Liquid Curve, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1969, 1, 413. [all data]

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Frank, A.; Clusius, K., The entropy of methane, Z. Physik. Chem., 1937, B36, 291-300. [all data]

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Ott, J. Bevan; Goates, J. Rex; Lamb, John D., Solid-liquid phase equilibria in water + ethylene glycol, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1972, 4, 1, 123-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(72)80015-6 . [all data]

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