Hydrogen

• Formula: H₂
• Molecular weight: 2.01588
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2/h1H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 1333-74-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • tritium
  • deuterium hydride
  • Deuterium
• Other names: Dihydrogen; o-Hydrogen; p-Hydrogen; Molecular hydrogen; H2; UN 1049; UN 1966
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 200, reactions 201 to 250, reactions 251 to 300, reactions 301 to 350, reactions 351 to 400, reactions 401 to 450, reactions 451 to 500, reactions 501 to 550, reactions 551 to 600, reactions 601 to 621
  • Ion clustering data
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to H₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: H^- + H⁺ = H₂

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through November, 1976

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Roder, Childs, et al., 1973
Roder, H.M.; Childs, G.E.; McCarty, R.D.; Angerhofer, P.E., Survey of the Prop. of the Hydrogen Isotopes Below Their Critical Temp, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1973. [all data]

Clusius and Weigand, 1940
Clusius, K.; Weigand, K., Melting Curves of the Gases A, Kr, Xe, CH4, CH3D, CD4, C2H4, C2H6, COS, and PH3 to 200 Atmospheres Pressure. The Chane of Volume on Melting, Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. B, 1940, 46, 1-37. [all data]

Henning and Otto, 1936
Henning, F.; Otto, J., Vapor pressure curves and triple points in the temperature region from 14 to 90 k, Phys. Z., 1936, 37, 633-8. [all data]

Onnes, Crommelin, et al., 1917
Onnes, H.K.; Crommelin, C.-A.; Cath, P.G., Isothermals of di-atomic substances and their binary mixtures. XIX. A preliminary determination of the critical point of hydrogen., Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., 1917, 20, 178-184. [all data]

van Itterbeek, Verbeke, et al., 1964
van Itterbeek, A.; Verbeke, O.; Theewes, F.; Staes, K.; de Boelpaep, J., The Difference in Vapour Pressure Between Normal and Equilibrium Hydrogen. Vapour Pressure of Normal Hydrogen Between 20 ºK and 32 ºK, Physica (Amsterdam), 1964, 30, 6, 1238-1244, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(64)90114-4 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Shiner, Gilligan, et al., 1993
Shiner, D.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cook, B.M.; Lichten, W., H₂, D₂, and HD ionization potentials by accurate calibration of several iodine lines, Phys. Rev. A, 1993, 47, 4042. [all data]

McCormack, Gilligan, et al., 1989
McCormack, E.; Gilligan, J.M.; Cornaggia, C.; Eyler, E.E., Measurement of high Rydberg states and the ionization potential of H₂, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 39, 2260. [all data]

Glab and Hessler, 1987
Glab, W.L.; Hessler, J.P., Multiphoton excitation of high singlet np Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen: Spectroscopy and dynamics, Phys. Rev. A, 1987, 35, 2102. [all data]

Eyler, Short, et al., 1986
Eyler, E.E.; Short, R.C.; Pipkin, F.M., Precision spectroscopy of the nf triplet Rydberg states of H₂ and determination of the triplet ionization potential, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1986, 56, 2602. [all data]

Farber, Srivastava, et al., 1982
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D.; Moyer, J.W., Mass spectrometric determination of the thermodynamics of potassium hydroxide and minor potassium-containing species required in magnetohydrodynamic power systems, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1982, 14, 1103. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Bieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980
Bieri, G.; Schmelzer, A.; Asbrink, L.; Jonsson, M., Fluorine and the fluoroderivatives of acetylene and diacetylene studied by 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys., 1980, 49, 213. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Farber and Srivastava, 1977
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation of the silane fluorides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 51, 307. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Lee and Rabalais, 1974
Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., Vibrational transition probabilities in photoelectron spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 2747. [all data]

Herzberg and Jungen, 1972
Herzberg, G.; Jungen, Ch., Rydberg series and ionization potential of the H₂ molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 425. [all data]

Takezawa, 1970
Takezawa, S., Absorption spectrum of H₂ in the vacuum-uv region. II. Rydberg series converging to the first six vibrational levels of the H₂⁺ ground state, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 5793. [all data]

Asbrink, 1970
Asbrink, L., The photoelectron spectrum of H₂, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 549. [all data]

Lossing and Semeluk, 1969
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P., Threshold ionization efficiency curves for monoenergetic electron impact on H₂, D₂, CH₄ and CD₄, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 408. [all data]

Herzberg, 1969
Herzberg, G., Dissociation energy and ionization potential of molecular hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Letters, 1969, 23, 1081. [all data]

Villarejo, 1968
Villarejo, D., Measurement of threshold electrons in the photoionization of H₂ and D₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4014. [all data]

Collin and Natalis, 1968
Collin, J.E.; Natalis, P., Vibrational and electronic ionic states of nitric oxide. An accurate method for measuring ionization potentials by photoelectron spectroscopy, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 483. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Kerwin, Marmet, et al., 1963
Kerwin, L.; Marmet, P.; Clarke, E.M., Recent work with the electrostatic electron selector, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1963, 2, 522. [all data]

Beutler and Junger, 1936
Beutler, H.; Junger, H.-O., Uber das Absorptionsspektrum des Wasserstoffs. III. Die Autoionisierung im Term 3pπ 1u des H₂ und ihre Auswahlgesetze. Bestimmung der lonisierungsenergie des H₂, Z. Physik, 1936, 100, 80. [all data]

Weitzel, Mahnert, et al., 1994
Weitzel, K.-M.; Mahnert, J.; Penno, M., ZEKE-PEPICO investigations of dissociation energies in ionic reactions, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 224, 371. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact. I. Protons from H₂, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2088. [all data]

Locht and Momigny, 1971
Locht, R.; Momigny, J., Mass spectrometric study of ion-pair processes in diatomic molecules: H₂, CO, NO and O₂, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 121. [all data]

Curran, Laboratories
Curran, R.K., Negative ion formation in various gases at pressures up to .5 mm of Hg, Scientific Paper 62-908-113-P7, Westinghouse Research, Laboratories, Pittsburgh, 1962. [all data]

Shiell, Hu, et al., 2000
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.C.J.; Hepburn, J.W., Threshold Ion-pair Production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of H2 and D2, Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc., 2000, 115, 331, https://doi.org/10.1039/a909428h . [all data]

Pratt, McCormack, et al., 1992
Pratt, S.T.; McCormack, E.F.; Dehmer, J.L.; Dehmer, P.M., Field-Induced Ion-Pair Formation in Molecular Hydrogen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 68, 5, 584, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.584 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]

Lykke, Murray, et al., 1991
Lykke, K.R.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C., Threshold Photodetachment of H-, Phys. Rev. A, 1991, 43, 11, 6104, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.6104 . [all data]

Crosswhite, 1972
Crosswhite, H.M., The hydrogen molecule wavelength tables of Gerhard Heinrich Dieke, Wiley-Interscience, Division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1972, 616. [all data]

Dieke, 1958
Dieke, G.H., The molecular spectrum of hydrogen and its isotopes, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1958, 2, 494. [all data]

Sharp, 1971
Sharp, T.E., Potential-energy curves for molecular hydrogen and its ions, At. Data, 1971, 2, 119. [all data]

Richardson, 1934
Richardson, O.W., Molecular Hydrogen and Its Spectrum, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1934, 343. [all data]

Richardson, Yarrow, et al., 1934
Richardson, O.W.; Yarrow, F.R.S.; Rymer, T.B., The spectrum of H₂. Part III. New bands and band systems ending on 2s ³Σ and an extension of the singlet system ¹Q → 2p ¹Σ, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1934, 147, 272. [all data]

Richardson, Yarrow, et al., 1934, 2
Richardson, O.W.; Yarrow, F.R.S.; Rymer, T.B., The spectrum of H₂. Part II - The band systems due to transitions from four new triplet states to 2p ³Π, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1934, 147, 251. [all data]

Foster and Richardson, 1953
Foster, E.W.; Richardson, O., The fine structure of the 4d³Σ, ³Π_cd, ³Δ_d → 2p ³Π_cd transitions of the H₂ spectrum, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1953, 217, 433. [all data]

Miller and Freund, 1975
Miller, T.A.; Freund, R.S., Anticrossings and microwave transitions between the k(4p) ³Π_u, v = 1, N = 3 and the p(4d) ³Σ_g⁺, v = 1, N = 5 levels of H₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 2240. [all data]

Cunningham and Dieke, 1950
Cunningham; Dieke, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics, Rpt. NYO-692, 1950, 1. [all data]

Freund and Miller, 1974
Freund, R.S.; Miller, T.A., Anticrossings and microwave transitions between electronic states of H₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 4900. [all data]

Gloersen and Dieke, 1965
Gloersen, P.; Dieke, G.H., Molecular spectra of hydrogen and helium in the infrared, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1965, 16, 191. [all data]

Richardson, Yarrow, et al., 1934, 3
Richardson, O.W.; Yarrow, F.R.S.; Rymer, T.B., The spectrum of H₂ (the ordinary hydrogen molecule). Part I - The 3, 4d ³Σ, Π, Δ → 2p ³Π and 3s ³Σ → 2p ³Π systems, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1934, 147, 24. [all data]

Dieke and Blue, 1935
Dieke, G.H.; Blue, R.W., The Fulcher bands of HD and D₂, Phys. Rev., 1935, 47, 261. [all data]

Dieke, 1935
Dieke, G.H., The 3p³Σ→2s³Σ bands of HD and D₂, Phys. Rev., 1935, 48, 606. [all data]

Kolos and Wolniewicz, 1965
Kolos, W.; Wolniewicz, L., Potential-energy curves for the X¹Σ_g⁺, b³Σ_u⁺, and C¹Π_u states of the hydrogen molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 2429. [all data]

Takezawa, 1970, 2
Takezawa, S., Absorption spectrum of H₂ in the vacuum-uv region. I. Rydberg states and ionization energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2575. [all data]

Dabrowski and Herzberg, 1974
Dabrowski, I.; Herzberg, G., The absorption spectrum of D₂ from 1100 to 840 Å, Can. J. Phys., 1974, 52, 1110. [all data]

Chupka, Dehmer, et al., 1975
Chupka, W.A.; Dehmer, P.M.; Jivery, W.T., High resolution photoionization study of ion-pair formation in H₂, HD, and D₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3929. [all data]

Kolos, 1976
Kolos, W., Ab initio potential energy curves and vibrational levels for the B", B«macron», and B'¹Σ_u+ states of the hydrogen molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 62, 429. [all data]

Monfils, 1965
Monfils, A., The absorption spectra of the molecules H₂, HD, and D₂. Part VI. Rotational analysis of the B', B", D, D', and D" states, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1965, 15, 265. [all data]

Monfils, 1968
Monfils, A., Absorption spectra of molecules H₂, HD, and D₂. VII. Vibrational constants of the B, B', B", C, D, D', and D" states, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 25, 513. [all data]

Namioka, 1964
Namioka, T., Absorption spectra of H₂ in the vacuum ultraviolet region. II. The B'-X, B"-X, D-X, and D'-X bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 2141. [all data]

Richardson, 1937
Richardson, O.W., The band systems ending on the 1sσ 2sσ¹Σ_g(¹X_g) state of H₂. Part I., Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1937, 160, 487-507. [all data]

Dieke and Lewis, 1937
Dieke, G.H.; Lewis, M.N., Bands of HD and D₂ ending on the 2p¹Σ state, Phys. Rev., 1937, 52, 100. [all data]

Porto and Jannuzzi, 1963
Porto, S.P.S.; Jannuzzi, N., New singlet transitions in the near infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1963, 11, 378. [all data]

Namioka, 1965
Namioka, T., Absorption spectra of H₂ in the vacuum-ultraviolet region. III. Potential-energy curves for the B¹Σ_u⁺, C¹Π_u, B'¹Σ_u⁺, and D¹Π_u states, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1636. [all data]

Dieke, 1949
Dieke, G.H., Bands from doubly excited levels of the hydrogen molecule, Phys. Rev., 1949, 76, 50. [all data]

Dieke, 1936
Dieke, G.H., The 2s¹Σ→2p¹Σ bands of the hydrogen molecule, Phys. Rev., 1936, 50, 797. [all data]

Porto and Dieke, 1955
Porto, S.P.S.; Dieke, G.H., Infrared spectrum of hydrogen and deuterium between one and two microns, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1955, 45, 447. [all data]

Dieke, 1938
Dieke, G.H., Bands of H₂ ending on the 2p¹Π level, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 439. [all data]

Namioka, 1964, 2
Namioka, T., Absorption spectra of H₂ in the vacuum-ultraviolet region. I. The Lyman and the Werner bands, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 3154. [all data]

Herzberg and Howe, 1959
Herzberg, G.; Howe, L.L., The Lyman bands of molecular hydrogen, Can. J. Phys., 1959, 37, 636. [all data]

Wilkinson, 1968
Wilkinson, P.G., The electronic isotope shift in the Lyman bands of H₂, HD, and D₂, Can. J. Phys., 1968, 46, 1225. [all data]

Herzberg, 1950
Herzberg, G., Forbidden transitions in diatomic molecules. I. The quadrupole rotation-vibration spectrum of H₂, Can. J. Res. Sect. A, 1950, 28, 144. [all data]

Fink, Wiggins, et al., 1965
Fink, U.; Wiggins, T.A.; Rank, D.H., Frequency and intensity measurements on the quadrupole spectrum of molecule hydrogen, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1965, 18, 384. [all data]

Terhune and Peters, 1959
Terhune, R.W.; Peters, C.W., Electric field induced vibration rotation spectrum of H₂ and D₂, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1959, 3, 138. [all data]

Foltz, Rank, et al., 1966
Foltz, J.V.; Rank, D.H.; Wiggins, T.A., Determinations of some hydrogen molecular constants, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1966, 21, 203. [all data]

Brannon, Church, et al., 1968
Brannon, P.J.; Church, C.H.; Peters, C.W., Electric field induced spectra of molecular hydrogen, deuterium and deuterium hydride, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 27, 44. [all data]

Stoicheff, 1957
Stoicheff, B.P., High resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases. IX. Spectra of H₂, HD, and D₂, Can. J. Phys., 1957, 35, 730. [all data]

Harrick and Ramsey, 1952
Harrick, N.J.; Ramsey, N.F., Rotational magnetic moment, magnetic susceptibilities, and electron distribution in the hydrogen molecule, Phys. Rev., 1952, 88, 228. [all data]

Barnes, Bray, et al., 1954
Barnes, R.G.; Bray, P.J.; Ramsey, N.F., Variations of hydrogen rotational magnetic moments with rotational quantum number and with isotopic mass, Phys. Rev., 1954, 94, 893. [all data]

Kolsky, Phipps, et al., 1952
Kolsky, H.G.; Phipps, T.E., Jr.; Ramsey, N.F.; Silsbee, H.B., Nuclear radiofrequency spectra of H₂ and D₂ in high and low magnetic fields, Phys. Rev., 1952, 87, 395. [all data]

Harrick, Barnes, et al., 1953
Harrick, N.J.; Barnes, R.G.; Bray, P.J.; Ramsey, N.F., Nuclear radiofrequency spectra of D₂ and H₂ in intermediate and strong magnetic fields, Phys. Rev., 1953, 90, 260. [all data]

Ginter, 1967
Ginter, M.L., Molecular constants for the l-uncoupled electronic states 3d ^1,3Δ_g and 3d ^1,3Π_g of the hydrogen molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 46, 3687. [all data]

Freund, Miller, et al., 1973
Freund, R.S.; Miller, T.A.; Zegarski, B.R., Fine structure of para H₂, k(4p)³Π_u, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 23, 120. [all data]

Miller, Freund, et al., 1974
Miller, T.A.; Freund, R.S.; Zagarski, B.R., Fine and hyperfine structure of ortho-H₂, k(4p) ³Π_u, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3195. [all data]

Ginter, 1966
Ginter, M.L., Spectrum and structure of the He₂ molecule. IV. Characterization of the singlet and triplet states associated with the UAO's 3dσ, 3dπ, and 3dδ, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 248. [all data]

Herzberg, 1967
Herzberg, G., A new predissociation of the H₂ molecule, Sci. Light (Tokyo), 1967, 16, 14. [all data]

Browne, 1965
Browne, J.C., Quantum mechanical potential energy curves for the ¹Π_u and ³Π_u states of He₂ and the ¹Π_g and ³Π_g states of H₂, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1965, 138, 9. [all data]

Wright and Davidson, 1965
Wright, W.M.; Davidson, E.R., 1s₃d ³Π_g state of the hydrogen molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 840. [all data]

Freund and Miller, 1973
Freund, R.S.; Miller, T.A., Fine structure of para-H₂ d(3p) ³Π_u (ν=0-3) via microwave optical magnetic resonance induced by electrons, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 3565. [all data]

Dieke, 1935, 2
Dieke, G.H., The triplet 3p complex of the hydrogen molecule, Phys. Rev., 1935, 48, 610. [all data]

Beutler and Junger, 1936, 2
Beutler, H.; Junger, H.-O., Pradissoziation und autoionisierung in den termfolgen des Wasserstoff-(H₂^-) spektrums, Z. Phys., 1936, 101, 285. [all data]

Cahill, 1969
Cahill, P., Determination of the lifetime of the d³Π_u state of H₂, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1969, 59, 875. [all data]

Marechal, Jost, et al., 1972
Marechal, M.A.; Jost, R.; Lombardi, M., Lifetimes, g factors, and collision cross sections of hydrogen molecules in the (1s₃p) ³Π_u level, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1972, 5, 732. [all data]

Miller and Freund, 1974
Miller, T.A.; Freund, R.S., Singlet-triplet anticrossings in H₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 2160. [all data]

Jost and Lombardi, 1974
Jost, R.; Lombardi, M., Determination of the singlet-triplet separation of H₂ by a "level-anticrossing" technique, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1974, 33, 53. [all data]

Kolos, 1975
Kolos, W., Revised theoretical energy for the a³Σ_g⁺ state of H₂, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 43. [all data]

Kolos and Wolniewicz, 1968
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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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