Carbon monoxide

• Formula: CO
• Molecular weight: 28.0101
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 630-08-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Carbon oxide (CO); CO; Exhaust gas; Flue gas; Carbonic oxide; Carbon oxide; Carbone (oxyde de); Carbonio (ossido di); Kohlenmonoxid; Kohlenoxyd; Koolmonoxyde; NA 9202; Oxyde de carbone; UN 1016; Wegla tlenek; Carbon monooxide
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 200, reactions 201 to 249
  • Ion clustering data
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to CO⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (400 mmHg DILUTED TO A TOTAL PRESSURE OF 600 mmHg WITH N2); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through October, 1976

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
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Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F., The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Carbon Monoxide. Heat of Vaporization Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. Free Energy to 5000 K from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610. [all data]

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Cardoso, 1915
Cardoso, E., Study of the Critical Point of Several Difficultly LIquifiable Gases: Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1915, 13, 312. [all data]

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Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2
Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F., The heat capacity and entropy of carbon monoxide. Heat of vaporization. Vapor pressures of solid and liquid. Free energy to 5000°K. From spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610-2626. [all data]

Stull, 1947
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Hunter and Lias, 1998
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Refaey, K.M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Endoergic ion-molecule-collision processes of negative ions. III. Collisions of I- on O₂, CO and CO₂, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 20, 19. [all data]

Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1993
Erman, P.; Karawajczyk, A.; Rachlew-Kallne, E.; Stromholm, C.; Larsson, J.; Persson, A.; Zerne, R., Direct determination of the ionization potential of CO by resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 215, 173. [all data]

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Fock, Gurtler, et al., 1980
Fock, J.-H.; Gurtler, P.; Koch, E.E., Molecular Rydberg transitions in carbon monoxide: term value/ionization energy correlation of BF, CO and N₂., Chem. Phys., 1980, 47, 87. [all data]

Hille and Mark, 1978
Hille, E.; Mark, T.D., Cross section for single and double ionization of carbon monoxide by electron impact from threshold up to 180 eV, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 4600. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972
Ogawa, M.; Ogawa, S., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region, 600-1020 A, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 393. [all data]

Hotop and Niehaus, 1970
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A., Reactions of excited atoms and molecules with atoms and molecules. V.Comparison of Penning electron and photoelectron spectra of H₂, N₂ and CO, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 415. [all data]

Collin and Natalis, 1969
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Turner and May, 1966
Turner, D.W.; May, D.P., Franck-Condon factors in ionization: experimental measurement using molecular photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 471. [all data]

Krupenie, 1966
Krupenie, P.H., The band spectrum of carbon monoxide, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Natl. Bur. Stand. NSRDS-NBS, 1966, 5. [all data]

Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H.; Ogawa, M., Photoionization and absorption coefficients of CO in the 600 to 1000 A region, Can. J. Phys., 1965, 43, 1706. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973
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Thomas, 1970
Thomas, T.D., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1744. [all data]

Oertel, Schenk, et al., 1980
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Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1974
Smyth, K.C.; Schiavone, J.A.; Freund, R.S., Dissociative excitation of CO by electron impact: Translational spectroscopy of long-lived high-Rydberg fragment atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1358. [all data]

Locht and Momigny, 1971
Locht, R.; Momigny, J., Mass spectrometric study of ion-pair processes in diatomic molecules: H₂, CO, NO and O₂, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1971, 7, 121. [all data]

Hierl and Franklin, 1967
Hierl, P.M.; Franklin, J.L., Appearance potentials and kinetic energies of ions from N₂, CO, and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3154. [all data]

Fineman and Petrocelli, 1961
Fineman, M.A.; Petrocelli, A.W., Molecular studies with a Lozier electron impact apparatus, Planetary Space Sci., 1961, 3, 187. [all data]

Weissler, Samson, et al., 1959
Weissler, G.L.; Samson, J.A.R.; Ogawa, M.; Cook, G.R., Photoionization analysis by mass spectroscopy, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1959, 49, 338. [all data]

Nakamura, Morioka, et al., 1971
Nakamura; Morioka; Hayaishi; Ishiguro; Sasanuma, 3rd International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics - Paper 1pA1-6, Tokyo, 1971, 0. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., The absorption cross sections of N₂, O₂, CO, NO, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ and C₄H₁₀ from 180 to 700 Å, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 1023. [all data]

Watson, Stewart, et al., 1975
Watson, W.S.; Stewart, D.T.; Gardner, A.B.; Lynch, M.J., The photoabsorption coefficients of CO and CO₂ in the region 350 to 650Å, Planet. Space Sci., 1975, 23, 384. [all data]

Wight, van der Wiel, et al., 1976
Wight, G.R.; van der Wiel, M.J.; Brion, C.E., Dipole excitation, ionization and fragmentation of N₂ and CO in the 10-60 eV region, J. Phys. B:, 1976, 9, 675. [all data]

Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974
Asbrink, L.; Fridh, C.; Lindholm, E.; Codling, K., Photoelectron spectrum and Rydberg transitions of CO, Phys. Scr., 1974, 10, 183. [all data]

Codling and Potts, 1974
Codling, K.; Potts, A.W., Corrigendum: The absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide near 550 Å [Ref.: J. Phys. B:, 1974, Vol. 1, 163-169], J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 314. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
Ogawa, S.; Ogawa, M., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region. Rydberg bands converging to the X²Σ⁺ state of CO⁺ in the region 960-1080 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 454. [all data]

Tanaka, 1942
Tanaka, Y., CO absorption spectra in the extreme ultra-violet, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1942, 39, 447. [all data]

Henning, 1932
Henning, H.J., Die absorptionsspektren von kohlendioxyd, kohlenmonoxyd und wasserdampf im gebiet von 600-900 ÅE, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 1932, 13, 599. [all data]

Lindholm, 1969
Lindholm, E., Rydberg series in small molecules. II. Rydberg series in CO, Ark. Fys., 1969, 40, 103. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1974
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Reexamination of the vacuum ultraviolet emission spectrum of CO in the 950-1200 A region, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 436. [all data]

Hopfield and Birge, 1927
Hopfield, J.J.; Birge, R.T., Ultra-violet absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1927, 29, 922. [all data]

Tschulanovsky, 1939
Tschulanovsky, V.M., Two new electron levels of the molecule of CO, J. Phys. (USSR), 1939, 1, 341. [all data]

Kepa, Knot-Wisniewska, et al., 1975
Kepa, R.; Knot-Wisniewska, M.; Rytel, M., The E¹Π-A¹Π system of ¹²C¹⁶O molecule - the rotational analysis, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1975, 48, 819. [all data]

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Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968
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Aarts and de Heer, 1970
Aarts, J.F.M.; de Heer, F.J., Emission of radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet by impact of electrons on carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 5354. [all data]

Kaplan, 1930
Kaplan, J., A new system of bands in carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1930, 35, 1298. [all data]

Dieke and Mauchly, 1933
Dieke, G.H.; Mauchly, J.W., The structure of the third positive group of CO bands, Phys. Rev., 1933, 43, 12. [all data]

Gero, 1936
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Beer, 1937
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Schmid and Gero, 1937
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Simmons and Tilford, 1971
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., New absorption bands and isotopic studies of known transitions in CO, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1971, 75, 455. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1972
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Atlas of the observed absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide between 1060 and 1900 Å, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1972, 1, 147. [all data]

Barrow, 1961
Barrow, R.F., Triplet bands of carbon monoxide: the system e³Σ - a³Π, Nature (London), 1961, 189, 480. [all data]

Gero and Szabo, 1939
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Carroll, 1962
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Asundi, 1929
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Gero and Lorinezi, 1939
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Field, Tilford, et al., 1972
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Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1967
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Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1968
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Mantz and Maillard, 1974
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Helminger, De Lucia, et al., 1970
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Lovas and Krupenie, 1974
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Muenter, 1975
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Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967
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van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970
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Lee, Carlson, et al., 1975
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Locht and Durer, 1975
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Gardner and Samson, 1974
Gardner, J.L.; Samson, J.A.R., Experimental vibrational intensity distributions for continuum photoionization to the X²Σ⁺, A²Π, and B²Σ⁺ states of CO⁺ and N₂⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3711. [all data]

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Carbonneau and Marmet, 1973
Carbonneau, R.; Marmet, P., Negative and neutral autoionizing states detected in the electroionization curve in CO, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 2202. [all data]

Takamine, Tanaka, et al., 1943
Takamine, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Iwata, M., On the first ionization potential of CO, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1943, 40, 371. [all data]

Jevons, 1932
Jevons, W., Report on band-spectra of diatomic molecules, Pub. The Physical Society, The University Press, London, 1932, 0. [all data]

Simmons and Tilford, 1974
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., Evidence for an accidental predissociation of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 167. [all data]

Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971
Lassettre, E.N.; Skerbele, A., Absolute generalized oscillator strengths for four electronic transitions in carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1597. [all data]

Fisher and Dalby, 1976
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Yardley, J.T., Laser action in highly-excited vibrational levels of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 314. [all data]

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Kildal, H.; Eng, R.S.; Ross, A.H.M., Heterodyne measurements of ¹²C¹⁶O laser frequencies and improved Dunham coefficients, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 479. [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH(+) ion,0K	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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