hydrogen fluoride

• Formula: FH
• Molecular weight: 20.00634
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/FH/h1H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7664-39-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • [2H]hydrogen fluoride
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

 +  =

By formula: F^- + H⁺ = HF

Constants of diatomic molecules

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through January, 1977

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Campbell and Campbell, 1934
Campbell, Alan Newton; Campbell, Alexandra Jean Robson, The thermodynamics of binary liquid mixtures : formic acid and water, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1934, 30, 1109, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9343001109 . [all data]

Simons, 1924
Simons, Joseph, THE PREPARATION, FREEZING POINT AND VAPOR PRESSURE OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 10, 2179-2183, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01675a006 . [all data]

Sheft, Perkins, et al., 1973
Sheft, I.; Perkins, A.J.; Hyman, H.H., Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride: Vapor Pressure and Liquid Density, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1973, 35, 11, 3677-3680, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(73)80055-7 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Bieri, Schmelzer, et al., 1980
Bieri, G.; Schmelzer, A.; Asbrink, L.; Jonsson, M., Fluorine and the fluoroderivatives of acetylene and diacetylene studied by 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Phys., 1980, 49, 213. [all data]

Tiedemann, Anderson, et al., 1979
Tiedemann, P.W.; Anderson, S.L.; Ceyer, S.T.; Hirooka, T.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Proton affinities of hydrogen halides determined by the molecular beam photoionization method, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 605. [all data]

Foner and Hudson, 1978
Foner, S.N.; Hudson, R.L., Mass spectrometry of excited state molecules: Observation of highly vibrationally excited HF by ionization potential measurement, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2987. [all data]

Ng, Trevor, et al., 1977
Ng, C.Y.; Trevor, D.J.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Ceyer, S.T.; Kronebusch, P.L.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization of dimeric polyatomic molecules: proton affinities of H₂O and HF, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 4235. [all data]

Farber and Srivastava, 1977
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation of the silane fluorides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 51, 307. [all data]

Guyon, Spohr, et al., 1976
Guyon, P.-M.; Spohr, R.; Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J., Threshold photoelectron spectra of HF, DF, F₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1650. [all data]

Shaw and Thomas, 1975
Shaw, R.W., Jr.; Thomas, T.D., Auger electron spectrum and ionization potentials of the HF molecule, Phys. Rev. A:, 1975, 11, 1491. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1975
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Calculated photoionization cross-sections and angular distributions for the isoelectronic series Ne, HF, H₂O, NH₃, and CH₄, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 487. [all data]

Walker, Dehmer, et al., 1973
Walker, T.E.H.; Dehmer, P.M.; Berkowitz, J., Rotational band shapes in photoelectron spectroscopy: HF DF, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4292. [all data]

Berkowitz, 1971
Berkowitz, J., Experimental potential energy curves for X²{PI} and ²Σ⁺ states of HF⁺, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 11, 21. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Guyon, P.M.; Holloway, J.H.; Spohr, R., Photoionization mass spectrometric study of F₂, HF, and DF, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 5165. [all data]

Brundle, 1970
Brundle, C.R., Ionization and dissociation energies of HF and DF and their bearing on D(F₂), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 317. [all data]

Dibeler, Walker, et al., 1969
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; McCulloh, K.E., Photoionization study of the dissociation energy of fluorine and the heat of formation of hydrogen fluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 4230. [all data]

Lempka, Passmore, et al., 1968
Lempka, H.J.; Passmore, T.R.; Price, W.C., The photoelectron spectra and ionized states of the halogen acids, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A304, 53. [all data]

Frost, McDowell, et al., 1967
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A.; Vroom, D.A., Photoelectron spectra of the halogens and the hydrogen halides, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 46, 4255. [all data]

Banna and Shirley, 1975
Banna, M.S.; Shirley, D.A., Molecular photoelectron spectroscopy at 132.3 eV. The second-row hydrides, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 4759. [all data]

Berkowitz, Ellison, et al., 1994
Berkowitz, J.; Ellison, G.B.; Gutman, D., Three methods to measure RH bond energies, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 2744. [all data]

Berkowitz and Wahl, 1973
Berkowitz, J.; Wahl, A.C., The dissociation energy of fluorine, Adv. Fluorine Chem., 1973, 7, 147. [all data]

Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1971, 2
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Guyon, P.M.; Holloway, J.; Spohr, R., Photo-ionization studies of F₂, HF, DF, and the xenon fluorides, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 112. [all data]

Blondel, Delsart, et al., 2001
Blondel, C.; Delsart, C.; Goldfarb, F., Electron spectrometry at the mu eV level and the electron affinities of Si and F, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2001, 34, 9, L281-L288, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/9/101 . [all data]

Martin and Hepburn, 2000
Martin, J.D.D.; Hepburn, J.W., Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc., 2000, 115, 416. [all data]

Wagman, Evans, et al., 1982
Wagman, D.D.; Evans, W.H.; Parker, V.B.; Schumm, R.H.; Halow, I.; Bailey, S.M.; Churney, K.L.; Nuttall, R.L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties (NBS Tech Note 270), J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Supl. 1, 1982, 11. [all data]

Blondel, Cacciani, et al., 1989
Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R., High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine and Bromine using Crossed Ion and Laser Beams, Phys. Rev. A, 1989, 40, 7, 3698, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.3698 . [all data]

Bierbaum, Schmidt, et al., 1981
Bierbaum, V.M.; Schmidt, R.J.; DePuy, C.H.; Mead, R.H.; Schulz, P.A.; Lineberger, W.C., Reactions of carbanions with triplet and singlet molecular oxygen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 6262. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

di Londardo and Douglas, 1973
di Londardo, G.; Douglas, A.E., The electronic spectrum of HF. I. The B¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺ 1 band system, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 434. [all data]

di Lonardo and Douglas, 1972
di Lonardo, G.; Douglas, A.E., Electronic spectra of HF and F₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5185. [all data]

Johns and Barrow, 1959
Johns, J.W.C.; Barrow, R.F., The ultra-violet spectra of HF and DF, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1959, 251, 504. [all data]

Safari, 1954
Safari, E., Contribution a l'etude spectrale de l'acide fluorhydrique, Ann. Phys. (Paris), 1954, 9, 203. [all data]

Mann, Thrush, et al., 1961
Mann, D.E.; Thrush, B.A.; Lide, D.R., Jr.; Ball, J.J.; Acquista, N., Spectroscopy of fluorine flames. I. Hydrogen-fluorine flame and the vibration-rotation emission spectrum of HF, J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34, 420. [all data]

Herget, Deeds, et al., 1962
Herget, W.F.; Deeds, W.E.; Gailar, N.M.; Lovell, R.J.; Nielsen, A.H., Infrared spectrum of hydrogen fluoride: line positions and line shapes. Part II. Treatment of data and results, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1962, 52, 1113. [all data]

Fishburne and Rao, 1966
Fishburne, E.S.; Rao, K.N., Vibration rotation bands of HF, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1966, 19, 290. [all data]

Webb and Rao, 1968
Webb, D.U.; Rao, K.N., Vibration rotation bands of heated hydrogen halides, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 28, 121. [all data]

Rothschild, 1964
Rothschild, W.G., Pure rotational absorption spectrum of hydrogen fluoride vapor between 22 and 250 μ, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1964, 54, 20. [all data]

Revich and Stankevich, 1966
Revich, V.E.; Stankevich, S.A., The rotational spectra of HF and DF molecules, Dokl. Phys. Chem. Engl. Transl., 1966, 170, 699, In original 1376. [all data]

Mason and Nielsen, 1967
Mason, A.A.; Nielsen, A.H., Rotational spectrum of hydrogen fluoride: frequencies and linewidths, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1967, 57, 1464. [all data]

Weiss, 1963
Weiss, R., Stark effect and hyperfine structure of hydrogen fluoride, Phys. Rev., 1963, 131, 659. [all data]

Muenter and Klemperer, 1970
Muenter, J.S.; Klemperer, W., Hyperfine structure constants of HF and DF, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 6033. [all data]

Muenter, 1972
Muenter, J.S., Polarizability anisotropy of hydrogen fluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5409. [all data]

de Leeuw and Dymanus, 1973
de Leeuw, F.H.; Dymanus, A., Magnetic properties and molecular quadrupole moment of HF and HCl by molecular-beam electric-resonance spectroscopy, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1973, 48, 427. [all data]

Baker, Nelson, et al., 1961
Baker, M.R.; Nelson, H.M.; Leavitt, J.A.; Ramsey, N.F., Nuclear magnetic interactions in hydrogen fluoride, Phys. Rev., 1961, 121, 807. [all data]

Fallon, Vanderslice, et al., 1960
Fallon, R.J.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Mason, E.A., Potential energy curves of hydrogen fluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 698. [all data]

Salama and Hasted, 1976
Salama, A.; Hasted, J.B., Electron energy loss spectrum of hydrogen fluoride, J. Phys. B:, 1976, 9, 333. [all data]

Dunning, 1976
Dunning, T.H., Jr., The low-lying states of hydrogen fluoride: potential energy curves for the X¹Σ⁺, ³Σ⁺, ³Π, and ¹Π states, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 3854. [all data]

Ogilvie and Koo, 1976
Ogilvie, J.F.; Koo, D., Dunham potential energy coefficients of the hydrogen halides and carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 61, 332-336. [all data]

Bondybey, Pearson, et al., 1972
Bondybey, V.; Pearson, P.K.; Schaefer, H.F., III, Theoretical potential energy curves for OH, HF⁺, HF, HF^-, NeH⁺, and NeH, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 1123. [all data]

Krauss and Neumann, 1974
Krauss, M.; Neumann, D., Multi-configuration self-consistent-field calculation of the dissociation energy and electronic structure of hydrogen fluoride, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 917. [all data]

Meyer and Rosmus, 1975
Meyer, W.; Rosmus, P., PNO-Cl and CEPA studies of electron correlation effects. III. Spectroscopic constants and dipole moment functions for the ground states of the first-row and second-row diatomic hydrides, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 2356. [all data]

Deutsch, 1967
Deutsch, T.F., Laser emission from HF rotational transitions, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1967, 11, 18. [all data]

Mason, von Holle, et al., 1971
Mason, M.G.; von Holle, W.G.; Robinson, D.W., Mid- and far-infrared spectra of HF and DF in rare-gas matrices, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 3491. [all data]

Guyon, Spohr, et al., 1976, 2
Guyon, P.-M.; Spohr, R.; Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J., Threshold photoelectron spectra of HF, DF, and F₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1650-1658. [all data]

Naude and Verleger, 1950
Naude, S.M.; Verleger, H., The vibration-rotation bands of the hydrogen halides HF, H³⁵Cl, H³⁷Cl, H⁷⁹Br, H⁸¹Br and H¹²⁷I, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1950, 63, 470. [all data]

Sileo and Cool, 1976
Sileo, R.N.; Cool, T.A., Overtone emission spectroscopy of HF and DF: vibrational matrix elements and dipole moment function, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 117. [all data]

Kompa and Pimentel, 1967
Kompa, K.L.; Pimentel, G.C., Hydrofluoric acid chemical laser, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 857. [all data]

Deutsch, 1967, 2
Deutsch, T.F., Molecular laser action in hydrogen and deuterium halides, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1967, 10, 234. [all data]

Coldhar, Osgood, et al., 1971
Coldhar, J.; Osgood, R.M., Jr.; Javan, A., Observation of intense superradiant emission in the high-gain infrared transitions of HF and DF molecules, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1971, 18, 167. [all data]

Meredith, 1972
Meredith, R.E., Strengths and widths in the first overtone band of hydrogen fluoride, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 485. [all data]

Spellicy, Meredith, et al., 1972
Spellicy, R.L.; Meredith, R.E.; Smith, F.G., Strengths and collision broadened widths in the second overtone band of hydrogen fluoride, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 5119. [all data]

Lie, 1974
Lie, G.C., Study of the theoretical dipole moment function and infrared transition matrix for the X¹Σ⁺ state of the HF molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 2991. [all data]

Rimpel, 1974
Rimpel, G., Linienstarken in der 4-0- und 5-0-Rotationsschwingungsbande von Fluorwasserstoff, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1974, 29, 588. [all data]

Yardley and Balint-Kurti, 1976
Yardley, R.N.; Balint-Kurti, G.G., Ab initio valence-bond calculations on HF, LiH, LiH⁺ and LiF, Mol. Phys., 1976, 31, 921. [all data]

Hinchen, 1974
Hinchen, J.J., Determination of vibration-rotation line strengths for HF and DF by use of an HF/DF cw laser, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1974, 64, 1162. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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