Nitrogen

• Formula: N₂
• Molecular weight: 28.0134
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/N2/c1-2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7727-37-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Constants of diatomic molecules
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 156
  • Ion clustering data
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to N₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through February, 1977

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Jacobsen, Stewart, et al., 1986
Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B.; Jahangiri, M., Termodynamic Properties of Nitrogen from the Freezing Line to 2000 K at Pressures to 1000 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 735-909. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Angus, de Reuck, et al., 1979
Angus, S.; de Reuck, K.M.; Armstrong, B.; Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 6 Nitrogen, Pergamon, New York, 1979. [all data]

Henning and Otto, 1936
Henning, F.; Otto, J., Vapor pressure curves and triple points in the temperature region from 14 to 90 k, Phys. Z., 1936, 37, 633-8. [all data]

Giauque and Clayton, 1933
Giauque, W.F.; Clayton, J.O., Heat Capacity and Entropy of Nitrogen. Heat of Vaporization. Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. The Reaction 1/2 N2 + 1/2 O2 = NO from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 4875. [all data]

Weber, 1970
Weber, L.A., Some vapor pressure and P,V,T data on nitrogen in t he range 65 to 140 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 839-846. [all data]

Cardoso, 1915
Cardoso, E., Study of the Critical Point of Several Difficultly LIquifiable Gases: Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1915, 13, 312. [all data]

Edejer and Thodos, 1967
Edejer, Merardo P.; Thodos, George, Vapor pressures of liquid nitrogen between the triple and critical points, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 2, 206-209, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a014 . [all data]

Giauque and Clayton, 1933, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Clayton, J.O., The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Nitrogen. Heat of Vaporization. Vapor Pressures of Solid and Liquid. The Reaction 1/2 N ₂ + 1/2 O ₂ = NO from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 12, 4875-4889, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01339a024 . [all data]

Moussa, Muijlwijk, et al., 1966
Moussa, M.R.; Muijlwijk, R.; van Dijk, H., The Vapour Pressure of Liquid Nitrogen, Physica (Amsterdam), 1966, 32, 5, 900-912, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(66)90021-8 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Trickl, Cromwell, et al., 1989
Trickl, T.; Cromwell, E.F.; Lee, Y.T.; Kung, A.H., State-selective ionization of nitrogen in the X₂ =0 and v =1 states by two-color (1+1) photon excitation near threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6006. [all data]

Stephen, Mark, et al., 1984
Stephen, K.; Mark, T.D.; Futrell, J.H.; Helm, H., Electron impact ionization of (N₂)₂: Appearance energies of N₃⁺ and N₄⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3185. [all data]

Grade, Wienecke, et al., 1983
Grade, M.; Wienecke, J.; Rosinger, W.; Hirschwald, W., Electron impact investigation of the molecules SeS(g) and TeSe(g) under high-temperature equilibrium conditions, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 355. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Armentrout, Tarr, et al., 1981
Armentrout, P.B.; Tarr, S.M.; Dori, A.; Freund, R.S., Electron impact ionization cross section of metastable N₂ (A₂Σu⁺), J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 75, 2788. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]

Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978
Sahini, V.E.; Constantin, V.; Serban, I., Determination of ionization potentials using a MI-1305 mass spectrometer, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1978, 23, 479. [all data]

Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O., Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]

Lee and Rabalais, 1974
Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., Vibrational transition probabilities in photoelectron spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 2747. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

Hotop and Niehaus, 1970
Hotop, H.; Niehaus, A., Reactions of excited atoms and molecules with atoms and molecules. V.Comparison of Penning electron and photoelectron spectra of H₂, N₂ and CO, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 415. [all data]

Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V., Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]

Cook and Metzger, 1964
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H., Photoionization and absorption cross sections of O₂ and N₂ in the 600- to 1000-A region, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 321. [all data]

Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962
Ogawa, M.; Tanaka, Y., Rydberg absorption series of N₂, Can. J. Phys., 1962, 40, 1593. [all data]

Worley, 1943
Worley, R.E., Absorption spectrum of N₂ in the extreme ultraviolet, Phys. Rev., 1943, 64, 207. [all data]

Worley and Jenkins, 1938
Worley, R.E.; Jenkins, F.A., A new Rydberg series in N₂, Phys. Rev., 1938, 54, 305. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Katrib, Debies, et al., 1973
Katrib, A.; Debies, T.P.; Colton, R.J.; Lee, T.H.; Rabalais, J.W., The use of differential photoionization cross sections as a function of excitation energy in assigning photoelectron spectra, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1973, 22, 196. [all data]

Locht, Schopman, et al., 1975
Locht, R.; Schopman, J.; Wankenne, H.; Momigny, J., The dissociative ionization of nitrogen, Chem. Phys., 1975, 7, 393. [all data]

Smyth, Schiavone, et al., 1973
Smyth, K.C.; Schiavone, J.A.; Freund, R.S., Dissociative excitation of N₂ by electron impact: Translational spectroscopy of long-lived high- Rydberg fragment atoms, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5225. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1973
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact II. N⁺ N⁺⁺ from N₂, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 2108. [all data]

Hierl and Franklin, 1967
Hierl, P.M.; Franklin, J.L., Appearance potentials and kinetic energies of ions from N₂, CO, and NO, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3154. [all data]

Frost and McDowell, 1956
Frost, D.C.; McDowell, C.A., The dissociation energy of the nitrogen molecule, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1956, A236, 278. [all data]

Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977
Lofthus, A.; Krupenie, P.H., The spectrum of molecular nitrogen, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1977, 6, 113. [all data]

Tilford, Wilkinson, et al., 1966
Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G.; Franklin, V.B.; Naber, R.H.; Benesch, W.; Vanderslice, J.T., Summary of observed absorption lines of room-temperature molecular nitrogen between 1060 and 1520 Å, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1966, 13, 31. [all data]

Wallace, 1962
Wallace, L., A collection of the band-head wavelengths of N₂ and N₂⁺, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1962, 6, 445. [all data]

Pearse and Gaydon, 1963
Pearse, R.W.B.; Gaydon, A.G., The identification of molecular spectra, Third Edition, Pub. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1963, 0. [all data]

Huffman, Tanaka, et al., 1963
Huffman, R.E.; Tanaka, Y.; Larrabee, J.C., Absorption coefficients of nitrogen in the 1000-580 Å wavelength region, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 39, 910. [all data]

Carter, 1972
Carter, V.L., High-resolution N₂ absorption study from 730 to 980 Å, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 4195. [all data]

Gilmore, 1965
Gilmore, F.R., Potential energy curves for N₂, NO, O₂ and corresponding ions, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1965, 5, 369. [all data]

Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1965
Benesch, W.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G., Potential curves for the observed states of N₂ below 11 eV, Astrophys. J., 1965, 142, 1227. [all data]

Gartner and Thrush, 1975
Gartner, E.M.; Thrush, B.A., Infrared emission by active nitrogen. I. The kinetic behaviour of N₂(B'³Σ_u^-), Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1975, 346, 103. [all data]

Nakamura, Sasanuma, et al., 1969
Nakamura, M.; Sasanuma, M.; Sato, S.; Watanabe, M.; Yamashita, H.; Iguchi, Y.; Ejiri, A.; Nakai, S.; Yamaguchi, S.; Sagawa, T.; Nakai, Y.; Oshio, T., Absorption structure near the K edge of the nitrogen molecule, Phys. Rev., 1969, 178, 80. [all data]

Werme, Grennberg, et al., 1973
Werme, L.O.; Grennberg, B.; Nordgren, J.; Nordling, C.; Siegbahn, K., Fine structure in the x-ray emission spectrum of N₂, compared with electron spectroscopy, Nature (London), 1973, 242, 453. [all data]

Vinogradov, Shlarbaum, et al., 1974
Vinogradov, A.S.; Shlarbaum, B.; Zimkina, T.M., K-absorption spectrum of nitrogen in the N₂ molecule, Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1974, 36, 383, In original 658. [all data]

Vinogradov, Zimkina, et al., 1974
Vinogradov, A.S.; Zimkina, T.M.; Akimov, V.N.; Shlarbaum, B., Structure of absorption spectra of the molecules N₂, O₂, and NF₃ near the ionization thresholds of the inner atomic shells, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser. Engl. Transl., 1974, 38, 69, In original 508. [all data]

Lee, Wong, et al., 1975
Lee, J.S.; Wong, T.C.; Bonham, R.A., Observation of a new electronic transition in N₂ at 31.4 eV by means of high energy electron impact spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 1643. [all data]

Codling, 1966
Codling, K., Structure in the photo-ionization continuum of N, near 500 k, Astrophys., 1966, J.143, 552. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., The absorption cross sections of N₂, O₂, CO, NO, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ and C₄H₁₀ from 180 to 700 Å, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 1023. [all data]

Hopfield, 1930
Hopfield, J.J., New spectra in nitrogen, Phys. Rev., 1930, 36, 789-790. [all data]

Comes and Weber, 1969
Comes, F.J.; Weber, K.W., Wirkungsquerschnitte der Photoabsorption und Photoionisation des N₂-Molekuls, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1969, 24, 1941. [all data]

Cook, Ogawa, et al., 1973
Cook, G.R.; Ogawa, M.; Carlson, R.W., Photodissociation continuums of N₂ and O₂, J. Geophys. Res., 1973, 78, 1663. [all data]

Ogawa, 1964
Ogawa, M., Vibrational isotope shifts of absorption bands of N₂ in the spectral region 720-830 Å, Can. J. Phys., 1964, 42, 1087. [all data]

Carroll and Yoshino, 1967
Carroll, P.K.; Yoshino, K., New Rydberg series of N₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 3073. [all data]

Johns and Lepard, 1975
Johns, J.W.C.; Lepard, D.W., Calculation of rotation-electronic energies and relative transition intensities in diatomic molecules, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 55, 374. [all data]

Yoshino, Tanaka, et al., 1975
Yoshino, K.; Tanaka, Y.; Carroll, P.K.; Mitchell, P., High resolution absorption spectrum of N₂ in the vacuum-UV region, O_3,4 ¹Π_u ← X¹Σ_g⁺ bands, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 54, 87. [all data]

Carroll and Collins, 1970
Carroll, P.K.; Collins, C.P., The high energy ¹Σ_u⁺ states of N₂, J. Phys. B:, 1970, 3, 127. [all data]

Lofthus, 1957
Lofthus, A., Emission band spectra of nitrogen. A study of some singlet systems, Can. J. Phys., 1957, 35, 216. [all data]

Carroll and Subbaram, 1975
Carroll, P.K.; Subbaram, K.V., Two new band systems in the near ultraviolet spectrum of N₂, Can. J. Phys., 1975, 53, 2198. [all data]

Gaydon, 1944
Gaydon, A.G., The band spectrum of nitrogen: new singlet systems, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1944, 182, 286. [all data]

Rajan, 1974
Rajan, K.J., The 1-0 band of the b¹Π_u - a¹Π_g transition and the 1-10 and 2-12 bands of the fifth positive system of N₂: rotational analyses, Proc. R. Ir. Acad. Sect. A:, 1974, 74, 17-23. [all data]

Herman-Montagne, 1945
Herman-Montagne, R., Contribution a l'etude du spectre de la molecule d'azote, Ann. Phys. (Paris), 1945, 20, 241. [all data]

Gaydon and Herman, 1946
Gaydon, A.G.; Herman, R., Band systems in the spectrum of nitrogen, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1946, 58, 292. [all data]

Dressler, 1969
Dressler, K., The lowest valence and Rydberg states in the dipole-allowed absorption spectrum of nitrogen. A survey of their interactions, Can. J. Phys., 1969, 47, 547. [all data]

Janin and Crozet, 1946
Janin, J.; Crozet, A., Excitation du spectre de l'azote par passage de l'effluve electrique a travers le gaz ammoniac, Compt. Rend., 1946, 223, 1114. [all data]

Janin, 1950
Janin, J., Etude de certains systemes de simplets de la molecule d'azote, J. Rech. C.N.R.S., 1950, 3, 156. [all data]

Herman, 1951
Herman, R., Nouvelle transition interdite de la molecule N₂, Compt. Rend., 1951, 233, 738. [all data]

Carroll and Sayers, 1953
Carroll, P.K.; Sayers, N.D., The band spectrum of nitrogen: new studies of the triplet systems, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1953, 66, 1138. [all data]

Gaydon, 1944, 2
Gaydon, A.G., The band spectrum of N₂: weak systems in the visible region, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1944, 56, 85. [all data]

Grun, 1954
Grun, A.E., Die Gaydon-Banden des N₂, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1954, 9, 1017. [all data]

Tilford and Wilkinson, 1964
Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G., The emission spectrum of molecular nitrogen in the region 900-1130 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1964, 12, 231. [all data]

Carroll and Collins, 1969
Carroll, P.K.; Collins, C.P., High resolution absorption studies of the b¹Π_u ← X¹Σ_g⁺ system of nitrogen, Can. J. Phys., 1969, 47, 563. [all data]

Wilkinson and Houk, 1956
Wilkinson, P.G.; Houk, N.B., Emission spectra of nitrogen in the vacuum ultraviolet, J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 528. [all data]

Gero and Schmid, 1940
Gero, L.; Schmid, R., Rotationsanalyse der IV. Positiven banden des N₂-molekuls, Z. Phys., 1940, 116, 598. [all data]

Lutz, 1969
Lutz, B.L., Pressure-induced a"¹Σ_g⁺ ← X¹Σ_g⁺ absorption in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum of molecular nitrogen, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 706. [all data]

Freund, 1969
Freund, R.S., Molecular-beam measurements of the emission spectrum and radiative lifetime of N₂ in the metastable E³Σ_g⁺ state, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 3734. [all data]

Coster, Brons, et al., 1933
Coster, D.; Brons, F.; van der Ziel, A., Die sogenannte zweite positive gruppe des stickstoffspektrums, Z. Phys., 1933, 84, 304. [all data]

Dieke and Heath, 1959
Dieke, G.H.; Heath, D.F., The first and second positive bands of N₂, Rpt. Johns Hopkins Spectroscopic #17, 1959, 1-195. [all data]

Tanaka, 1955
Tanaka, Y., Absorption spectrum of nitrogen in the region from 1075 to 1650 A, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1955, 45, 663. [all data]

Tanaka, Ogawa, et al., 1964
Tanaka, Y.; Ogawa, M.; Jursa, A.S., Forbidden absorption-band systems of N₂ in the vacuum-ultraviolet region, J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 40, 3690. [all data]

Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972
Carroll, P.K.; Collins, C.C.; Murnaghan, J.T., Rotational studies of the Gaydon-Herman (green) bands of N₂, J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 1634. [all data]

McFarlane, 1966
McFarlane, R.A., Measurements on the w¹Δ_u → a¹Π_g transition in molecular nitrogen, Phys. Rev., 1966, 146, 37. [all data]

Chutjian, Cartwright, et al., 1973
Chutjian, A.; Cartwright, D.C.; Trajmar, S., Excitation of the W³Δ_u, w¹Δ_u, B'³Σ_u^-, and a'¹Σ_u^- states of N₂ by electron impact, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1973, 30, 195. [all data]

McFarlane, 1965
McFarlane, R.A., Observation of a ¹Π-¹Σ^- transition in the N₂ molecule, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1965, 140, 1070. [all data]

McFarlane, 1966, 2
McFarlane, R.A., 4B₇-precision spectroscopy of new infrared emission systems of molecular nitrogen, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1966, 2, 229. [all data]

Miller, 1970
Miller, R.E., High-resolution emission Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands of nitrogen, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1970, 60, 171. [all data]

Campbell and Thrush, 1969
Campbell, I.M.; Thrush, B.A., Some new vacuum ultra-violet emissions of active nitrogen, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1969, 65, 32. [all data]

Golde, 1975
Golde, M.F., Vacuum UV emission by electronically excited N₂: the collision-induced N₂(a¹Π_g, v=0) = N₂(a'¹Σ_u^-, v=0) transition, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 348. [all data]

Carroll and Rubalcava, 1960
Carroll, P.K.; Rubalcava, H.E., Rotational analysis of the 5-1 band of the B'-B system of N₂, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1960, 76, 337. [all data]

Dieke and Heath, 1960
Dieke, G.H.; Heath, D.F., Structure of the infrared Y bands of N₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 432. [all data]

Wilkinson, 1960
Wilkinson, P.G., Forbidden band systems in nitrogen. III. The Y³Σ_u^- ← X¹Σ_g⁺ system in absorption, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 1061. [all data]

Golde and Thrush, 1972
Golde, M.F.; Thrush, B.A., Vacuum ultraviolet emission by active nitrogen. IV. The kinetic behaviour of N₂(B'³Σ_u^-), Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1972, 330, 121. [all data]

Wu and Benesch, 1968
Wu, H.L.; Benesch, W., Evidence for the ³Δ_u → B³Π_g transition in N₂, Phys. Rev., 1968, 172, 31. [all data]

Saum and Benesch, 1970
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Benesch and Saum, 1971
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van der Wiel, M.J.; El-Sherbini, Th.M.; Brion, C.E., K shell excitation of nitrogen and carbon monoxide by electron impact, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 161. [all data]

Carlson, Moddeman, et al., 1970
Carlson, T.A.; Moddeman, W.E.; Pullen, B.P.; Krause, M.O., Identification of high energy lines in the K-LL Auger spectrum of N₂, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 390. [all data]

Lindholm, 1969
Lindholm, E., Rydberg series in small molecules. III. Rydberg series in N₂, Ark. Fys., 1969, 40, 111. [all data]

Carroll, 1973
Carroll, P.K., Band structures in N₂ Rydberg complexes, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 3597. [all data]

Cartwright and Dunning, 1974
Cartwright, D.C.; Dunning, T.H., Jr., Vibrational matrix elements of the quadrupole moment of N₂(X¹Σ_g⁺), J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 1776. [all data]

Ketelaar and Rettschnick, 1963
Ketelaar, J.A.A.; Rettschnick, R.P.H., The quadrupole moment of nitrogen deduced from the pressure-induced rotational spectrum of nitrogen, Mol. Phys., 1963, 7, 191. [all data]

Buckingham, Disch, et al., 1968
Buckingham, A.D.; Disch, R.L.; Dunmur, D.A., The quadrupole moments of some simple molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 3104. [all data]

Huber and Herzberg, 1979, 2
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1979, 716. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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