2-Methyl-1-butene

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-35.1 ± 0.84kJ/molEqkWiberg and Hao, 1991Heat of hydration; ALS
Δfgas-34.8kJ/molN/AGood and Smith, 1979Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -60.96±0.84 kj/mol from Good and Smith, 1979 and ΔvapH° value of 26.19 kj/mol from missing citation.; DRB

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
102.97273.15McCullough J.P., 1959Results of more recent statistical calculation [ Durig J.R., 1980] are different from recommended and experimental values up to 3 J/mol*K for S(T) and Cp(T).; GT
109.96298.15
110.50300.
138.91400.
164.85500.
187.11600.
206.10700.
222.38800.
236.48900.
248.661000.
259.241100.
268.401200.
276.351300.
283.301400.
289.321500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
116.15 ± 0.35320.66Scott D.W., 1949GT
128.37 ± 0.39362.51
140.62 ± 0.42407.11
153.13 ± 0.46453.41
165.35 ± 0.50502.21

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-60.96 ± 0.84kJ/molCcbGood and Smith, 1979ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-3335.74 ± 0.80kJ/molCcbGood and Smith, 1979Corresponding Δfliquid = -60.96 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid254.0J/mol*KN/AChao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
liquid253.97J/mol*KN/ATodd, Oliver, et al., 1947DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
157.3298.15Chao, Hall, et al., 1983T = 12 to 293 K.; DH
157.19298.15Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947T = 12 to 300 K.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil304.3 ± 0.7KAVGN/AAverage of 35 out of 38 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus136. ± 3.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple135.60KN/AChao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple135.62KN/ATodd, Oliver, et al., 1947, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc470.KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap26.19kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap25.9kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC
Δvap25.9 ± 0.1kJ/molCScott, Waddington, et al., 1949AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
25.5304.3N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
28.5255.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 240. to 336. K.; AC
27.3289.N/AScott, Waddington, et al., 1949Based on data from 274. to 336. K.; AC
25.5 ± 0.1304.CScott, Waddington, et al., 1949AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
278. to 304.41.20.2839470.Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
274.30 to 335.823.986521047.811-41.089Scott, Waddington, et al., 1949Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.911135.60Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
7.9103135.62Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947DH
5.36104.7Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
58.34135.60Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
58.33135.62Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C5H10+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.12 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.10PITraeger, 1986LBLHLM
9.148 ± 0.003PEMasclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973LLK
9.12EILossing, 1972LLK
9.35 ± 0.08EIGross and Wilkins, 1971LLK
9.12 ± 0.02PIDemeo and El-Sayed, 1970RDSH
9.12 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.2 ± 0.1PEBieri, Burger, et al., 1977Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C3H6+11.66 ± 0.06C2H4EIGross and Wilkins, 1971LLK
C4H7+10.66CH3PITraeger, 1986LBLHLM
C4H7+10.85CH3EIBrand and Baer, 1984LBLHLM
C4H7+10.85CH3EILossing, 1972LLK
C4H7+11.34 ± 0.07CH3EIGross and Wilkins, 1971LLK

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-1330
NIST MS number 229038

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Loeffler, Eberlin, et al., 1958
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 1285
Instrument Fluorite prism vacuum spectrograph
Melting point -137.5
Boiling point 31.2

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone30.495.6Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm
CapillarySqualane30.488.2Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He; Column length: 93. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.490.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.490.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.491.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryDB-140.495.Lubeck and Sutton, 198460. m/0.264 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryHP-PONA40.495.Lubeck and Sutton, 198450. m/0.21 mm/0.5 μm, H2
CapillaryOV-120.494.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySqualane50.487.9Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.488.1Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.488.2Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.488.48Pacáková and Koslík, 197850. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, N2
PackedSqualane80.488.Chrétien and Dubois, 1977 
CapillarySqualane50.488.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.493.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.488.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.488.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane27.487.63Schomburg and Dielmann, 1973Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane50.487.0Takács, Tálas, et al., 1972N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-3075.500.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSqualane100.500.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m
CapillarySqualane40.486.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.488.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.488.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.489.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.489.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3070.497.Widmer, 1967Diatoport S; Column length: 7.9 m
PackedSqualane26.486.Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L130.499.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m
PackedApiezon L70.500.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100496.8Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1497.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M130.545.Widmer, 1967Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m
PackedCarbowax 20M70.534.Widmer, 1967Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone494.4Soják, Addová, et al., 2002He, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.250 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryUltra-1496.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH493.58White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH493.79White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH494.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySqualane40.487.8Sojak, Addova, et al., 2000He; Column length: 93. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-5450.523.Xieyun, Maoqi, et al., 1996N2; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.488.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillarySqualane70.488.Schomburg, 1966 
PackedMethyl Silicone50.506.Huguet, 1961Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB495.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH496.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryUltra-ALLOY-5480.Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 201130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS495.Zenkevich, Makarov A.A., et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryPONA493.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySE-54493.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1495.Ramnas, Ostermark, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -20. C
CapillaryDB-1493.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone489.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone496.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane488.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPONA497.Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002Column length: 100. m; Phase thickness: 0.50 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP-Sil5 CB MS494.Tirillini, Verdelli, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm; Program: 0C (3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C (30min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone496.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone494.Zenkevich, 1996Program: not specified
PackedSE-30493.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane487.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSE-30493.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
PackedSqualane487.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10575.Girard and Durance, 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg and Hao, 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Hao, S., Enthalpies of hydration of alkenes. 4. Formation of acyclic tert-alcohols, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 5108-5110. [all data]

Good and Smith, 1979
Good, W.D.; Smith, N.K., The enthalpies of combustion of the isomeric pentenes in the liquid state. A warning to combustion calorimetrists about sample drying, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 111-118. [all data]

McCullough J.P., 1959
McCullough J.P., Thermodynamic properties, vibrational assignment and rotational conformations of 2-methyl-1-butene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 1331-1334. [all data]

Durig J.R., 1980
Durig J.R., Torsional spectra of molecules with two internal C3v rotors. 19. Vibrational spectra, torsional potential functions, and conformational and thermodynamic properties of 2-methyl-1-butene, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 3554-3561. [all data]

Scott D.W., 1949
Scott D.W., Thermodynamic properties of three isomeric pentenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2767-2773. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic properties of simple alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64(3), 285-303. [all data]

Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947
Todd, S.S.; Oliver, G.D.; Huffman, H.M., The heat capacities, heats of fusion and entropies of the six pentenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1519-1525. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic Properties of Simple Alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64, 285. [all data]

Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947, 2
Todd, S.S.; Oliver, G.D.; Huffman, H.M., The heat capacities, heats of fusion and entropies of the six pentenes., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1519. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Scott, Waddington, et al., 1949
Scott, D.W.; Waddington, G.; Smith, J.C.; Huffman, H.M., Thermodynamic properties of three isomeric pentenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2767-2773. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Traeger, 1986
Traeger, J.C., Heat of formation for the 1-methylallyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 4114. [all data]

Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973
Masclet, P.; Grosjean, D.; Mouvier, G., Alkene ionization potentials. Part I. Quantitative determination of alkyl group structural effects, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 225. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C3H3, C3H5, and C4H7 radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Gross and Wilkins, 1971
Gross, M.L.; Wilkins, C.L., Computer-assisted ion cyclotron resonance appearance potential measurements for C5H10 isomers, Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 1624. [all data]

Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; El-Sayed, M.A., Ionization potential and structure of olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2622. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Brand and Baer, 1984
Brand, W.A.; Baer, T., Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected C5H10+ ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3154. [all data]

Loeffler, Eberlin, et al., 1958
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Notes

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