Nitric acid

• Formula: HNO₃
• Molecular weight: 63.0128
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4) Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7697-37-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
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  • Ion clustering data
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

• liquid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR
  0.48208331, 0.48208331, 0.48208331 cm^-1 resolution

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Marilyn E. Jacox

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Additional references: Jacox, 1994, page 271; Jacox, 1998, page 289; Jacox, 2003, page 274; Millen and Morton, 1960; Cox and Riveros, 1965; Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974; Cazzoli and De Lucia, 1979; Bowman, Helminger, et al., 1981; Ghosh, Blom, et al., 1981; Margitan and Watson, 1982; Messer, De Lucia, et al., 1984; Crownover, Booker, et al., 1988; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991; Tan, Looi, et al., 1991, 2; Turnipseed, Vaghjiani, et al., 1992; Maki, Tan, et al., 1993; Schiffman, Nelson, et al., 1993; Tan, Looi, et al., 1994; Cox, Ellis, et al., 1994; Chou, Petkie, et al., 2002; Petkie, Helminger, et al., 2003

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Beddard, Giachardi, et al., 1974
Beddard, G.S.; Giachardi, D.J.; Wayne, R.P., The vacuum ultra-violet absorption spectrum of anhydrous nitric acid, J. Photochem., 1974, 3, 2, 321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(74)80041-9 . [all data]

Okabe, 1980
Okabe, H., Photodissociation of nitric acid and water in the vacuum ultraviolet; vibrational and rotational distributions of OH 2Σ+, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 12, 6642, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.439123 . [all data]

Johnston and Graham, 1973
Johnston, H.; Graham, R., Gas-phase ultraviolet absorption spectrum of nitric acid vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 1973, 77, 1, 62, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100620a013 . [all data]

Biaume, 1973
Biaume, F., Nitric acid vapour absorption cross-section spectrum and its photodissociation in the stratosphere, J. Photochem., 1973, 2, 2, 139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(73)80012-7 . [all data]

Rattigan, Lutman, et al., 1992
Rattigan, O.; Lutman, E.R.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A., Temperature Dependent Absorption Cross-sections and Atmospheric Photolysis Rates of Nitric Acid, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 3, 399, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19920960331 . [all data]

McGraw, Bernitt, et al., 1965
McGraw, G.E.; Bernitt, D.L.; Hisatsune, I.C., Vibrational Spectra of Isotopic Nitric Acids, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 1, 237, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1695682 . [all data]

Cheng, Lee, et al., 1991
Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, J.-W.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid argon: the infrared absorption of peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 7, 2814, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100160a034 . [all data]

Guillory and Bernstein, 1975
Guillory, W.A.; Bernstein, M.L., Infrared spectrum of matrix-isolated nitric acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 3, 1058, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430519 . [all data]

Chen, Lo, et al., 1992
Chen, W.-J.; Lo, W.-J.; Cheng, B.-M.; Lee, Y.-P., Photolysis of nitric acid in solid nitrogen, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 10, 7167, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463541 . [all data]

Bair and Brockman, 1979
Bair, C.H.; Brockman, P., High-resolution spectral measurement of the HNO_3 59-µm band using a tunable diode laser, Appl. Opt., 1979, 18, 24, 4152, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.004152 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1980
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High-resolution measurement and analysis of the infrared spectrum of nitric acid near 1700 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1980, 82, 2, 427, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(80)90126-5 . [all data]

May, Webster, et al., 1987
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R.; Molina, L.T., Tunable diode laser measurements of absolute linestrengths in the HNO3 ν2 band near 5.8 μm, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1987, 38, 5, 381, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(87)90032-X . [all data]

Kleiner, Godefroid, et al., 1987
Kleiner, I.; Godefroid, M.; Herman, M.; McKellar, A.R.W., Infrared laser Stark spectrum of HNO_3 at 6 µm, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, 1987, 4, 7, 1159, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.4.001159 . [all data]

Maki, 1988
Maki, A.G., High-resolution measurements of the ν2 band of HNO3 and the ν3 band of trans-HONO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 127, 1, 104, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90012-4 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Improved spectroscopic constants for the ν2 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 155, 2, 420, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90532-S . [all data]

Webster, May, et al., 1985
Webster, C.R.; May, R.D.; Gunson, M.R., Tunable diode laser Stark modulation spectroscopy for rotational assignment of the HNO3 7.5 μm band, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 121, 4-5, 429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)87208-0 . [all data]

Perrin, Lado-Bordowsky, et al., 1989
Perrin, A.; Lado-Bordowsky, O.; Valentin, A., The, Mol. Phys., 1989, 67, 2, 249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00268978900101061 . [all data]

May and Webster, 1989
May, R.D.; Webster, C.R., Measurements of line positions, intensities, and collisional air-broadening coefficients in the HNO3 7.5-μm band using a computer-controlled tunable diode laser spectrometer, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 138, 2, 383, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90006-4 . [all data]

Perrin, Flaud, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Jaouen, V.; Farrenq, R.; Guelachvili, G., et al., Line Intensities in the 11- and 7.6-μm-Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 160, 2, 524, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1199 . [all data]

Harwood, Jones, et al., 1993
Harwood, M.H.; Jones, R.L.; Cox, R.A.; Lutman, E.; Rattigan, O.V., Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of N2O5, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 1993, 73, 3, 167, https://doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(93)90001-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1984
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., High resolution spectrum of the ν5 band of nitric acid (HNO3) near 880 cm-1, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1984, 108, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(84)90283-2 . [all data]

Maki and Wells, 1992
Maki, A.G.; Wells, J.S., Measurement and analysis of the Fermi resonance between ν5 and 2ν9 of nitric acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1992, 152, 1, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(92)90117-7 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1992, 2
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T., Spectrochim. Acta, 1992, 48A, 975. [all data]

Perrin, Jaouen, et al., 1993
Perrin, A.; Jaouen, V.; Valentin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C., The ν5 and 2ν9 Bands of Nitric Acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 157, 1, 112, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1009 . [all data]

Maki and Olson, 1989
Maki, A.G.; Olson, W.B., Infrared spectrum of the ν6, ν7, and ν8 bands of NHO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1989, 133, 1, 171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(89)90251-8 . [all data]

Tan, Wang, et al., 1996
Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Ong, P.P., Spectrochim. Acta, 1996, 52A, 1315. [all data]

Looi, Tan, et al., 1996
Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Wang, W.F.; Ong, P.P., Improved Spectroscopic Constants for the ν7and ν8Bands of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 176, 1, 222, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0080 . [all data]

Wang, Looi, et al., 1996
Wang, W.F.; Looi, E.C.; Tan, T.L.; Ong, P.P., Line Intensities in the ν8Band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1996, 178, 1, 22, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0152 . [all data]

van der Veken, Pieters, et al., 1982
van der Veken, B.J.; Pieters, G.H.; Herman, M.A.; Durig, J.R., Internal rotation in nitric acid, J. Mol. Struct., 1982, 80, 467, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(82)87274-8 . [all data]

Goldman, Burkholder, et al., 1988
Goldman, A.; Burkholder, J.B.; Howard, C.J.; Escribano, R.; Maki, A.G., Spectroscopic constants for the ν9 infrared band of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1988, 131, 1, 195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90118-X . [all data]

Sirota, Weber, et al., 1997
Sirota, J.M.; Weber, M.; Reuter, D.C.; Perrin, A., HNO3: Absolute Line Intensities for the ν9Fundamental, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1997, 184, 1, 140, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1997.7310 . [all data]

Jacox, 1994
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, 464. [all data]

Jacox, 1998
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement A, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 2, 115-393, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556017 . [all data]

Jacox, 2003
Jacox, M.E., Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules: supplement B, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2003, 32, 1, 1-441, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1497629 . [all data]

Millen and Morton, 1960
Millen, D.J.; Morton, J.R., J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 1523. [all data]

Cox and Riveros, 1965
Cox, A.P.; Riveros, J.M., Microwave Spectrum and Structure of Nitric Acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 9, 3106, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1696387 . [all data]

Johnston, Chang, et al., 1974
Johnston, H.S.; Chang, S.-G.; Whitten, G., Photolysis of nitric acid vapor, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100594a001 . [all data]

Cazzoli and De Lucia, 1979
Cazzoli, G.; De Lucia, F.C., Millimeter-wave spectrum, centrifugal distortion analysis, and energy levels of HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1979, 76, 1-3, 131, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(79)90222-4 . [all data]

Bowman, Helminger, et al., 1981
Bowman, W.C.; Helminger, P.; De Lucia, F.C., Millimeter and submillimeter wave spectra of HNO2 (cis), HNO2 (trans), and HNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1981, 88, 2, 431, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(81)90194-6 . [all data]

Ghosh, Blom, et al., 1981
Ghosh, P.N.; Blom, C.E.; Bauder, A., Microwave spectrum, centrifugal distortion analysis, and harmonic force field of nitric acid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1981, 89, 1, 159, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(81)90167-3 . [all data]

Margitan and Watson, 1982
Margitan, J.J.; Watson, R.T., Kinetics of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with nitric acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 19, 3819, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100216a022 . [all data]

Messer, De Lucia, et al., 1984
Messer, JK.; De Lucia, F.C.; Helminger, P., The spectrum of HNO3 in the region 550--800 GHz, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1984, 104, 2, 417, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(84)90136-X . [all data]

Crownover, Booker, et al., 1988
Crownover, R.L.; Booker, R.A.; De Lucia, F.C.; Helminger, P., The rotational spectrum of nitric acid: The first five vibrational states, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1988, 40, 1, 39, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(88)90029-5 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1991
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., High resolution FTIR measurement and analysis of the ν8 band of deuterated nitric acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1991, 149, 2, 425, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90297-N . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1991, 2
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., Infrared spectrum of the ν9 and 2ν9-ν9 bands of deuterated nitric acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1991, 150, 2, 486, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90243-4 . [all data]

Turnipseed, Vaghjiani, et al., 1992
Turnipseed, A.A.; Vaghjiani, G.L.; Thompson, J.E.; Ravishankara, A.R., Photodissociation of HNO3 at 193, 222, and 248 nm: Products and quantum yields, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 8, 5887, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462685 . [all data]

Maki, Tan, et al., 1993
Maki, A.G.; Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Johns, J.W.C.; Nol, M., Infrared Spectrum of the ν6 and ν7 Bands of Deuterated Nitric Acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1993, 157, 1, 248, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1993.1020 . [all data]

Schiffman, Nelson, et al., 1993
Schiffman, A.; Nelson, D.D., Jr.; Nesbitt, D.J., Quantum yields for OH production from 193 and 248 nm photolysis of HNO3 and H2O2, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 9, 6935, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464735 . [all data]

Tan, Looi, et al., 1994
Tan, T.L.; Looi, E.C.; Lua, K.T.; Maki, A.G.; Johns, J.W.C.; Noel, M., FTIR Spectrum of the ν2 Band of Deuterated Nitric-Acid (DNO3), J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1994, 166, 1, 97, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1994.1175 . [all data]

Cox, Ellis, et al., 1994
Cox, A.P.; Ellis, M.C.; Attfield, C.J.; Ferris, A.C., Microwave spectrum of DNO3, and average structures of nitric and nitrous acids, J. Mol. Struct., 1994, 320, 91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(93)08008-R . [all data]

Chou, Petkie, et al., 2002
Chou, S.G.; Petkie, D.T.; Butler, R.A.H.; Miller, C.E., Rotational Spectroscopy of DNO3, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2002, 211, 2, 284, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.2001.8482 . [all data]

Petkie, Helminger, et al., 2003
Petkie, D.T.; Helminger, P.; Butler, R.A.H.; Albert, S.; De Lucia, F.C., The millimeter and submillimeter spectra of the ground state and excited , , , and vibrational states of, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2003, 218, 1, 127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2852(02)00025-5 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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