Dodecane
- Formula: C12H26
- Molecular weight: 170.3348
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 112-40-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: n-Dodecane; Adakane 12; Ba 51-090453; CH3(CH2)10CH3; Bihexyl; Dihexyl; Duodecane; NSC 8714
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -69.52 ± 0.34 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -68.85 ± 0.78 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945, 2 | Heat of formation derived by Cox and Pilcher, 1970; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas | 148.78 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Stull D.R., 1969 | This value is based on the low-temperature results [ Finke H.L., 1954] for S(liquid).; GT |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 489. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 22 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 263.5 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 35 out of 45 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 263.57 ± 0.05 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 658.2 ± 0.9 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 10 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 18.0 ± 1. | atm | N/A | Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 | |
Pc | 17.86 | atm | N/A | Rosenthal and Teja, 1989 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 atm; TRC |
Pc | 18.10 | atm | N/A | Teja, Lee, et al., 1989 | TRC |
Pc | 18.36 | atm | N/A | Pak and Kay, 1972 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1360 atm; corrected for vapor pressure of Hg, and extrapolated to zero time to correct for decomposition; TRC |
Pc | 18.00 | atm | N/A | Ambrose and Townsend, 1968 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.099 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.754 | l/mol | N/A | Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 1.3 ± 0.1 | mol/l | N/A | Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 | |
ρc | 1.33 | mol/l | N/A | Anselme, Gude, et al., 1990 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 14.6 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 12 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 23.95 | kcal/mol | B | Morawetz, 1972 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
14.7 | 299. | C | Viton, Chavret, et al., 1996 | AC |
13.9 | 334. | C | Viton, Chavret, et al., 1996 | AC |
13.7 | 344. | C | Viton, Chavret, et al., 1996 | AC |
15.7 | 278. | N/A | Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988 | Based on data from 263. to 371. K.; AC |
14.8 | 293. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 278. to 400. K.; AC |
12.3 | 415. | A,MM | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 400. to 492. K. See also Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945.; AC |
14.6 | 313. | GS | Allemand, Jose, et al., 1986 | Based on data from 298. to 389. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
399.53 to 490.49 | 4.09978 | 1625.928 | -92.839 | Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
24.31 | 263. | B | Bondi, 1963 | AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.8040 | 263.59 | N/A | Finke, Gross, et al., 1954 | DH |
8.53 | 263.1 | DSC | Mondieig, Rajabalee, et al., 2004 | AC |
8.800 | 263.6 | N/A | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
8.7431 | 263.5 | N/A | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931 | DH |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
33.401 | 263.59 | Finke, Gross, et al., 1954 | DH |
33.17 | 263.5 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C12H24 + H2 = C12H26
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -29.98 ± 0.35 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Rogers and Skanupong, 1974 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane |
ΔrH° | 30.05 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Bretschneider and Rogers, 1970 | liquid phase; solvent: glacial acetic acid |
By formula: C12H26 = C12H26
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.04 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Melaugh, Mansson, et al., 1976 | liquid phase; Unpublished results of Zwolinski and Desai |
ΔrH° | -2.91 ± 0.33 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Melaugh, Mansson, et al., 1976 | liquid phase |
By formula: 4H2 + C12H18 = C12H26
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -131.2 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Flitcroft, Skinner, et al., 1957 | liquid phase |
By formula: C12H18 + 4H2 = C12H26
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -127.3 ± 0.7 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Flitcroft, Skinner, et al., 1957 | liquid phase |
+
= C12H26O3S +
By formula: C12H26 + H2O4S = C12H26O3S + H2O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 69.3 ± 4.0 | kcal/mol | Cm | Roth and Rist-Schumacher, 1944 | liquid phase |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6H12+ | 10.40 | ? | EI | Lewis and Hamill, 1970 |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
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Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract |
State | gas |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 291499 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5MS | 200.12 | Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5MS | 202.83 | Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 209.9 | Johnson, Urso, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]
Prosen and Rossini, 1945, 2
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Stull D.R., 1969
Stull D.R., Jr.,
The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds. Wiley, New York, 1969. [all data]
Finke H.L., 1954
Finke H.L.,
Low-temperature thermal data for the nine normal paraffin hydrocarbons from octane to hexadecane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 333-341. [all data]
Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995
Ambrose, D.; Tsonopoulos, C.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 531-546. [all data]
Rosenthal and Teja, 1989
Rosenthal, D.J.; Teja, A.S.,
The Critical Properties of n-Alkanes Using a Low-Residence Time Flow Apparatus,
AIChE J., 1989, 35, 1829. [all data]
Teja, Lee, et al., 1989
Teja, A.S.; Lee, R.J.; Rosenthal, D.J.; Anselme, M.J.,
Correlation of the Critical Properties of Alkanes and Alkanols
in 5th IUPAC Conference on Alkanes and AlkanolsGradisca, 1989. [all data]
Pak and Kay, 1972
Pak, S.C.; Kay, W.B.,
Gas-Liquid Critical Temperatures of Mixtures. Benzene + n-Alkanes and Hexafluorobenzene + n-Alkanes,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 1972, 11, 255. [all data]
Ambrose and Townsend, 1968
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R.,
Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Some Alkanes,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1968, 64, 2622. [all data]
Anselme, Gude, et al., 1990
Anselme, M.J.; Gude, M.; Teja, A.S.,
The Critical Temperatures and Densities of the n-Alkanes from Pentane to Octadecane,
Fluid Phase Equilib., 1990, 57, 317-26. [all data]
Morawetz, 1972
Morawetz, Ernst,
Correlation of sublimation enthalpies at 298.15 K with molecular structure for planar aromatic hydrocarbons,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1972, 4, 3, 461-467, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(72)90030-4
. [all data]
Viton, Chavret, et al., 1996
Viton, C.; Chavret, M.; Jose, J.,
Enthalpies of vaporization of normal alkanes from nonane to pentadecane at temperatures from 298 to 359 K,
ELDATA: Int. Electron. J. Phys. Chem. Data, 1996, 2, 3, 103. [all data]
Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988
Sasse, Karim; Jose, Jacques; Merlin, Jean-Claude,
A static apparatus for measurement of low vapor pressures. Experimental results on high molecular-weight hydrocarbons,
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988, 42, 287-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(88)80065-7
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons,
J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009
. [all data]
Allemand, Jose, et al., 1986
Allemand, Nadine; Jose, Jacques; Merlin, J.C.,
Mesure des pressions de vapeur d'hydrocarbures C10 A C18n-alcanes etn-alkylbenzenes dans le domaine 3-1000 pascal,
Thermochimica Acta, 1986, 105, 79-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)85225-X
. [all data]
Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons,
J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009
. [all data]
Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A.,
Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments.,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027
. [all data]
Finke, Gross, et al., 1954
Finke, H.L.; Gross, M.E.; Waddington, G.; Huffman, H.M.,
Low-temperature thermal data for the nine normal paraffin hydrocarbons from octane to hexadecane,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 333-341. [all data]
Mondieig, Rajabalee, et al., 2004
Mondieig, D.; Rajabalee, F.; Metivaud, V.; Oonk, H.A.J.; Cuevas-Diarte, M.A.,
n -Alkane Binary Molecular Alloys,
Chem. Mater., 2004, 16, 5, 786-798, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm031169p
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Barmore, M.,
Thermal data on organic compounds. X. Further studies on the heat capacities, entropies and free energies of hydrocarbons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3876-3888. [all data]
Rogers and Skanupong, 1974
Rogers, D.W.; Skanupong, S.,
Heats of hydrogenation of sixteen terminal monoolefins. The alternating effect,
J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 2569-2572. [all data]
Bretschneider and Rogers, 1970
Bretschneider, E.; Rogers, D.W.,
A new microcalorimeter: heats of hydrogenation of four monoolefins,
Mikrochim. Acta, 1970, 482-490. [all data]
Melaugh, Mansson, et al., 1976
Melaugh, R.A.; Mansson, M.; Rossini, F.D.,
The energy of isomerization of n-dodecane into 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 623-626. [all data]
Flitcroft, Skinner, et al., 1957
Flitcroft, T.; Skinner, H.A.; Whiting, M.C.,
Heats of hydrogenation Part 1.-Dodeca-3:9 and -5:7 Diynes,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 784-790. [all data]
Roth and Rist-Schumacher, 1944
Roth, W.A.; Rist-Schumacher, E.,
Beitrag zur thermochemie der sulfonsauren und saurechlorid,
Z. Electrochem., 1944, 50, 7-9. [all data]
Lewis and Hamill, 1970
Lewis, D.; Hamill, W.H.,
Excited states of neutral molecular fragments from appearance potentials by electron impact in a mass spectrometer,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 6348. [all data]
Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W.,
Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]
Johnson, Urso, et al., 1997
Johnson, C.I.; Urso, A.; Geleta, L.,
Broad spectrum analysis of municipal and industrial effluents discharged into the Peace, Athabasca and Slave river basins: characterization of effluent samples, 1994 - Volume 1 of 2, Northern River Basins Study Project Report No. 121, Norther River Basins Study, Edmonton, Alberta, 1997, 27. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Pc Critical pressure S°gas Entropy of gas at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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