1,4-Dioxane

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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C4H8O2+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.19 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)190.6kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity184.0kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.19 ± 0.01PIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982LBLHLM
9.13 ± 0.03PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.4PEBieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.43PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
9.41PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1973Vertical value; LLK
9.3 ± 0.1SIGol'denfel'd, Korostyshevskii, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK
9.43PESweigart and Turner, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CHO+11.60 ± 0.10C3H7OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
CH2O+11.41 ± 0.05C3H6OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
CH3O+11.35 ± 0.10C3H5OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C2H3O+11.96 ± 0.10C2H5OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C2H3O+12.92?EICollin and Conde, 1966RDSH
C2H4+11.90 ± 0.102CH2O/C2H4O2PIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C2H4O+10.39 ± 0.05C2H4OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C2H4O+10.90?EICollin and Conde, 1966RDSH
C2H5O+10.46 ± 0.05C2H3OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C3H5O+11.20 ± 0.10CH3OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C3H6O+10.65CH2OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 0K; LBLHLM
C3H6O+10.56 ± 0.10CH2OPIPECOFraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982T = 298K; LBLHLM
C3H6O+11.CH2OEICollin and Conde, 1966RDSH
C4H7O2+10.95HEICollin and Conde, 1966RDSH

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C2h     Symmetry Number σ = 2


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

ag 1 CH2 a-str 2968  C  ia 2968 S p liq.
ag 2 CH2 s-str 2856  C  ia 2856 S p liq.
ag 3 CH2 scis 1444  C  ia 1444 M p liq.
ag 4 CH2 wag 1397  C  ia 1397 W p liq.
ag 5 CH2 twist 1305  C  ia 1305 S p liq.
ag 6 CH2 rock 1128  C  ia 1128 M p liq.
ag 7 CC str 1015  C  ia 1015 S p liq.
ag 8 CO str 837  C  ia 837 VS p liq.
ag 9 OCC deform 435  C  ia 435 M liq.
ag 10 COC deform 424  C  ia 424 M p liq.
au 11 CH2 a-str 2970  C 2970 M gas  ia
au 12 CH2 s-str 2863  C 2863 VS gas  ia
au 13 CH2 scis 1449  C 1449 S gas  ia
au 14 CH2 wag 1369  C 1369 S gas  ia
au 15 CH2 twist 1256  C 1256 S gas  ia
au 16 CO str 1136  C 1136 VS gas  ia
au 17 CH2 rock 1086  C 1086 S gas  ia
au 18 CC str 881  C 881 S gas  ia
au 19 OCC deform 288  C 288 W sh gas  ia
bg 20 CH2 a-str 2968  C  ia 2968 S p liq. SF1)
bg 21 CH2 s-str 2856  C  ia 2856 S p liq. SF2)
bg 22 CH2 scis 1459  C  ia 1459 M dp liq.
bg 23 CH2 wag 1335  C  ia 1335 W liq.
bg 24 CH2 twist 1217  C  ia 1217 M dp liq.
bg 25 CO str 1110  C  ia 1110 M dp liq.
bg 26 CH2 rock 853  C  ia 853 M sh dp liq.
bg 27 OCC deform 490  C  ia 490 M dp liq.
bu 28 CH2 a-str 2970  C 2970 M gas  ia SF11)
bu 29 CH2 a-str 2863  C 2863 VS gas  ia SF12)
bu 30 CH2 scis 1457  C 1457 S gas  ia
bu 31 CH2 wag 1378  C 1378 M gas  ia
bu 32 CH2 twist 1291  C 1291 S gas  ia
bu 33 CH2 rock 1052  C 1052 S gas  ia
bu 34 CO str 889  C 889 S gas  ia
bu 35 OCC deform 610  C 610 S gas  ia
bu 36 COC deform 274  C 274 S gas  ia

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
iaInactive
shShoulder
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
SFCalculation shows that the frequency approximately equals that of the vibration indicated in the parentheses.
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.670.1Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
PackedPorapack Q200.648.Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994H2; Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30120.690.Kowalski, 1992He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.669.7Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
PackedApolane130.671.Dutoit, 1991Column length: 3.7 m
PackedOV-101150.731.3Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989N2, Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 2. m
PackedOV-101120.718.Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
PackedSqualane80.643.Kersten and Poole, 1987N2; Column length: 3.5 m
PackedSE-30150.705.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.721.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedPorapack Q200.648.Goebel, 1982N2
PackedApiezon L120.687.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L160.702.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApolane70.660.3Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
PackedApiezon L100.680.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedDC-200100.697.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 4. m
PackedSqualane100.651.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 5. m
PackedApiezon L100.687.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 5. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-1690.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M80.1065.Kersten and Poole, 1987N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
PackedCarbowax 20M75.1093.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
PackedPEG-2000150.1097.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000180.1100.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1081.Rohrschneider, 1966Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-201065.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG-20M1066.Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.696.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.696.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane120.698.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane105.694.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane75.690.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane90.692.Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone100.693.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.696.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone140.699.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.690.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.696.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.696.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryMethyl Silicone120.697.Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007 
CapillaryDB-160.680.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedApieson L120.694.Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969not specified, not specified
PackedApieson L120.694.Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969not specified, not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5705.Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-1690.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone702.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1690.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1696.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB706.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryOV-1692.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.686.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1687.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1085.Shimadzu, 2003, 250. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedPEG100.1105.Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990Phasesep W (10 %)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1083.Shimadzu, 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1083.Shimadzu Corporation, 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1068.Duque, Bonilla, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 25. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol1084.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1066.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1065.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Fraser-Monteiro, Fraser-Monteiro, et al., 1982
Fraser-Monteiro, M.L.; Fraser-Monteiro, L.; Butler, J.J.; Baer, T.; Hass, J.R., Thermochemistry and dissociation dynamics of state-selected C4H8O2+ ions. 1. 1,4-Dioxane, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 739. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1973
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, and 1,4-dioxane, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 1558. [all data]

Gol'denfel'd, Korostyshevskii, et al., 1973
Gol'denfel'd, I.V.; Korostyshevskii, I.Z.; Mischanchuk, B.G.; Pokrovskii, V.A., Determination of ionization potentials of atoms and molecules using a field mass spectrometer equipped with an energy analyzer, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1973, 213, 626. [all data]

Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W., Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. II. Equivalent orbitals in saturated oxygen and sulfur J. Heterocycl. Chem., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5599. [all data]

Collin and Conde, 1966
Collin, J.E.; Conde, G., L'ionisation et la dissociation des polyethers cycliques soumis a l'impact electronique, Bull. Classe Sci. Acad. Roy. Belg., 1966, 52, 978. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume II, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1972, 6, 3, 993-1102. [all data]

Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0 . [all data]

Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994
Gawdzik, B.; Matynia, T., Characterization of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether - divinylbenzene porous copolymers for GC, Chromatographia, 1994, 38, 9/10, 643-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277169 . [all data]

Kowalski, 1992
Kowalski, W.J., Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 5-8, 266-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S . [all data]

Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J., Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X . [all data]

Maeck, Touabet, et al., 1989
Maeck, M.; Touabet, A.; Badjah Hadj Ahmed, A.Y.; Meklati, B.Y., A numerical interpolation of Kováts indices without dead time correction, Chromatographia, 1989, 27, 5/6, 205-208, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02260447 . [all data]

Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987
Fernández-Sánchez, E.; Fernández-Torres, A.; García-Domínguez, J.A.; García-Muñoz, J.; Menéndez, V.; Molera, M.J.; Santiuste, J.M.; Pertierra-Rimada, E., Mixed stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography. Partition coefficients and retention indices in OV-101-OV-25, OV-101-Carbowax 20M and OV-225-SP-2340 mixtures, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 410, 13-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90031-1 . [all data]

Kersten and Poole, 1987
Kersten, B.R.; Poole, C.F., Influence of concurrent retention mechanisms on the determination of stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 399, 1-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96108-9 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968
Brown, I.; Chapman, I.L.; Nicholson, G.J., Gas chromatography of polar solutes in electron acceptor stationary phases, Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 5, 1125-1141, https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9681125 . [all data]

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Rohrschneider, L., Eine methode zur charakterisierung von gaschromatographischen trennflüssigkeiten, J. Chromatogr., 1966, 22, 6-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97064-5 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001
Slizhov, Yu.G.; Gavrilenko, M.A., Effect of thermal treatment of poly(ethylene glycol) modified with europium acetylacetonate on its chromatographic properties, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 75, 6, 1012-1013. [all data]

Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Tello, A.M.; Lebron-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-Lopez, J.E.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly93-cyanopropylmethyl)siloxane stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 10, 1630-1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.025 . [all data]

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Lebrón-Aguilar, R.; Quintanilla-López, J.E.; Tello, A.M.; Santiuste, J.M., Isothermal retention indices on poly (3,3,3-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) stationary phases, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1160, 1-2, 276-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.025 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Kurdina, Markovich, et al., 1969
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Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990
Spadone, J.-C.; Takeoka, G.; Liardon, R., Analytical Investigation of Rio Off-Flavor in Green Coffee, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1, 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a050 . [all data]

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Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995
Zenkevich, I.G.; Korolenko, L.I.; Khralenkova, N.B., Desorption with solvent vapor as a method of sample preparation in the sorption preconcentration of organic-compounds from the air of a working area and from industrial-waste gases, J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1995, 50, 10, 937-944. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

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Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
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Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
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Dowling, Evans, et al., 1990
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Shimadzu, 2012
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Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]

Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001
Duque, C.; Bonilla, A.; Bautista, E.; Zea, S., Exudation of low molecular wight compounds (thiobismethane, methyl isocyanide, amd methyl isothiocyanate) as a possible chemical defense mechanism in the marine sponge Ircinia felix, Biochem. Systematics Ecol., 2001, 29, 5, 459-467, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00081-8 . [all data]


Notes

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