Carbon dioxide

Formula: CO₂
Molecular weight: 44.0095
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 124-38-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Carbon dioxide (¹²C¹⁶O₂)
Other names: Carbon oxide (CO2); Carbonic acid, gas; Carbonic anhydride; Dry ice; CO2; Anhydride carbonique; Carbonica; Kohlendioxyd; Kohlensaure; UN 1013; UN 1845; UN 2187; Cardice; Dricold; Drikold; Carbonic acid anhydride; Khladon 744; R 744
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 143
- Ion clustering data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
- Fluid Properties
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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	216.58	K	N/A	Marsh, 1987	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.008 K; recommended as fixed point for thermometery; TRC
T_triple	216.58	K	N/A	Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1976	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_triple	5.117	atm	N/A	Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1976	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	304.18	K	N/A	Suehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
T_c	304.1	K	N/A	Weber, 1989	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
T_c	304.35	K	N/A	Li and Kiran, 1988	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
T_c	304.200	K	N/A	Morrison, 1981	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
T_c	304.23	K	N/A	Efremova and Shvarts, 1972	Visual, agreement with literature evidence of sample purity; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	72.83	atm	N/A	Suehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 atm; TRC
P_c	72.44	atm	N/A	Li and Kiran, 1988	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.49 atm; TRC
P_c	72.860	atm	N/A	Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1976	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.005 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
V_c	0.0919	l/mol	N/A	Li and Kiran, 1988	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	10.6	mol/l	N/A	Suehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	10.590	mol/l	N/A	Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1976	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.007 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	10.8	mol/l	N/A	Andrizhievskii and Chernova, 1970	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	10.64	mol/l	N/A	Lowry and Erickson, 1927	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.034 mol/l; from a plot of (DN(liq) + DN(g))/2 based on exp. measurement and extrapolated to 31.0 deg C; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.99	288.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 273. to 304. K.; AC
3.92	258.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 216. to 273. K.; AC
3.94	282.	N/A	Boublík and Aim, 1972	Based on data from 267. to 303. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
154.26 to 195.89	6.80657	1301.679	-3.494	Giauque and Egan, 1937	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.24	207.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 198. to 216. K.; AC
6.50 ± 0.1	70. to 102.	LE	Bryson, Cazcarra, et al., 1974	AC
6.19	188.	N/A	Ambrose, 1956	Based on data from 179. to 198. K.; AC
6.29	167.	A	Stull, 1947	Based on data from 139. to 195. K.; AC
6.02	195.	N/A	Giauque and Egan, 1937, 2	Based on data from 154. to 196. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Henry's Law data

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Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.035	2400.	L	N/A
0.034	2600.	Q	N/A	Only the tabulated data between T = 273. K and T = 303. K from missing citation was used to derive k_H and -Δ k_H/R. Above T = 303. K the tabulated data could not be parameterized by equation (reference missing) very well. The partial pressure of water vapor (needed to convert some Henry's law constants) was calculated using the formula given by missing citation. The quantities A and α from missing citation were assumed to be identical.
0.045		Q	N/A	missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.035	2300.	L	N/A
0.034	2400.	C	N/A
0.034	2400.	C	N/A
0.034	2400.	C	N/A
0.031	2400.	T	N/A
0.034	2400.	Q	N/A	missing citation refer to several references in their list of Henry's law constants but they don't assign them to specific species.
0.034		N/A	N/A
0.034		C	N/A
0.032	2400.	X	N/A
0.035	2400.	L	N/A
0.034	2400.	L	N/A
0.034	2400.	X	N/A	The value is taken from the compilation of solubilities by W. Asman (unpublished).
0.034	2700.	X	N/A	The value is taken from the compilation of solubilities by W. Asman (unpublished).
0.034	2400.	N/A	N/A

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	13.777 ± 0.001	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	129.2	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	123.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
-0.599986	EIAE	Knapp, Echt, et al., 1986	Unbound but in -0.3 eV well, from (CO2)n; B
-1.60 ± 0.10	NBIE	Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1975	B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
13.778 ± 0.002	PE	Wang, Reutt, et al., 1988	LL
13.78	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
13.776 ± 0.002	PE	Potts and Fattahallah, 1980	LLK
13. ± 1.	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
13.89 ± 0.03	EI	Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978	LLK
13.79 ± 0.05	EI	Mark and Hille, 1978	LLK
13.77	PI	Jones and Taylor, 1978	LLK
13.777 ± 0.002	PE	Frey, Gotchev, et al., 1977	LLK
13.83 ± 0.05	EI	Bussieres and Marmet, 1977	LLK
13.788	PE	Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976	LLK
13.776 ± 0.002	TE	Batten, Taylor, et al., 1976	LLK
13.774 ± 0.003	PI	Parr and Taylor, 1974	LLK
13.9 ± 0.2	EI	Semenov, Volkov, et al., 1973	LLK
13.776 ± 0.008	PI	Parr and Taylor, 1973	LLK
13.78	PE	Natalis, 1973	LLK
13.773 ± 0.002	PI	McCulloh, 1973	LLK
13.80 ± 0.01	PE	Frost, Lee, et al., 1973	LLK
13.788 ± 0.005	PE	Brundle and Turner, 1969	RDSH
13.78 ± 0.01	PE	Eland and Danby, 1968	RDSH
13.77	PE	Spohr and Puttkamer, 1967	RDSH
13.75 ± 0.05	EI	Carette, 1967	RDSH
13.767 ± 0.003	PI	Nakata, Watanabe, et al., 1965	RDSH
13.77 ± 0.03	S	Tanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960	RDSH
13.773	PE	Eland and Berkowitz, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
13.78	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
13.78	PE	Schweig and Thiel, 1974	Vertical value; LLK
13.79	PE	Potts and Williams, 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C⁺	25. ± 2.	O₂	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
C⁺	22.7 ± 0.2	O₂	EI	Bussieres and Marmet, 1977	LLK
C⁺	27.8 ± 0.1	2O	EI	Bussieres and Marmet, 1977	LLK
C⁺	24.6 ± 1.0	O₂	EI	Crowe and McConkey, 1974	LLK
C⁺	28.4 ± 0.6	2O	EI	Cuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968	RDSH
C⁺	14.2 ± 0.5	2O	EI	Cuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968	RDSH
C⁺	23.2 ± 0.5	O₂	EI	Cuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968	RDSH
CO⁺	19. ± 2.	O	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
CO⁺	19.466	O	PE	Eland and Berkowitz, 1977, 2	LLK
CO⁺	19.42 ± 0.075	O	EI	Bussieres and Marmet, 1977	LLK
CO⁺	19.466	O	PE	Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976	LLK
CO⁺	20.9 ± 1.0	O	EI	Crowe and McConkey, 1974	LLK
CO⁺	29.0	O	PI	Samson and Gardner, 1973	LLK
O⁺	19. ± 1.	CO	PI	Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980	LLK
O⁺	19.071	CO	PE	Eland and Berkowitz, 1977, 2	LLK
O⁺	19.05 ± 0.05	CO	EI	Bussieres and Marmet, 1977	LLK
O⁺	19.067	CO	PE	Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976	LLK
O⁺	19.393 ± 0.008	?	PI	Parr and Taylor, 1974	LLK
O⁺	22.6 ± 1.0	CO	EI	Crowe and McConkey, 1974	LLK
O⁺	19.10 ± 0.01	CO	PI	Dibeler and Walker, 1967	RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Marsh, 1987
Marsh, K.N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford, 1987. [all data]

Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1976
Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 3 Carbon Dioxide, Pergamon, New York, 1976. [all data]

Suehiro, Nakajima, et al., 1996
Suehiro, Y.; Nakajima, M.; Yamada, K.; Uematsu, M., Critical parameters of {xCO2 + (1 - x)CHF3} for x = (1.0000, 0.7496, 0.5013 , and 0.2522), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1996, 28, 1153-1164. [all data]

Weber, 1989
Weber, L.A., Simple Apparatus for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Measurements with Data for the Binary Systems of Carbon Dioxide with n-Butane and Isobutane, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, 34, 171. [all data]

Li and Kiran, 1988
Li, L.; Kiran, E., Gas-Liquid Critical Properties of Methylamine + Nitrous Oxide and Methylamine + Ethylene Binary Mixtures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1988, 33, 342. [all data]

Morrison, 1981
Morrison, G., Effect of water on the critical points of carbon dioxide and ethane, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 759-61. [all data]

Efremova and Shvarts, 1972
Efremova, G.D.; Shvarts, A.V., Higher-order Critical Phenomena in Ternary Systems. The Methanol-Carbon Dioxide-Ethane System, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1972, 46, 237-239. [all data]

Andrizhievskii and Chernova, 1970
Andrizhievskii, A.A.; Chernova, N.I., Application of the Moving Meniscus Method in the Study of the Critical Phenomena in One-component Systems, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1970, 44, 1519. [all data]

Lowry and Erickson, 1927
Lowry, H.H.; Erickson, W.R., The Densities of Coexisting Liquid and Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and the Solubility of Water in Liquid Carbon Dioxide., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1927, 49, 2729-2734. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Boublík and Aim, 1972
Boublík, T.; Aim, K., Heats of vaporization of simple non-spherical molecule compounds, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1972, 37, 11, 3513-3521, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19723513 . [all data]

Giauque and Egan, 1937
Giauque, W.F.; Egan, C.J., Carbon Dioxide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of the Solid. The Heat of Sublimation. Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 1, 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749929 . [all data]

Bryson, Cazcarra, et al., 1974
Bryson, Charles E.; Cazcarra, Victor; Levenson, Leonard L., Sublimation rates and vapor pressures of water, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and xenon, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1974, 19, 2, 107-110, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60061a021 . [all data]

Ambrose, 1956
Ambrose, D., The vapour pressures and critical temperatures of acetylene and carbon dioxide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 772, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9565200772 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Giauque and Egan, 1937, 2
Giauque, W.F.; Egan, C.J., Carbon Dioxide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of the Solid. The Heat of Sublimation. Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy, J. Chem. Phys., 1937, 5, 1, 45, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749929 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Knapp, Echt, et al., 1986
Knapp, A.; Echt, O.; Kreisle, D.; Mark, T.D.; Recknagel, E., Formation of Long-Lived CO₂^-, N₂O^- and their Dimer Anions, by Electron Attachment to van der Walls Clusters, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 126, 3-4, 225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(86)80074-4 . [all data]

Compton, Reinhardt, et al., 1975
Compton, R.N.; Reinhardt, P.W.; Cooper, C.D., Collisional ionization of Na, K, and Cs by CO₂, COS, and CS₂: Molecular electron affinities, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3821. [all data]

Wang, Reutt, et al., 1988
Wang, L.; Reutt, J.E.; Lee, Y.T.; Shirley, D.A., High resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy of CO₂, COS, and CS₂ using supersonic molecular beams, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1988, 47, 167. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Potts and Fattahallah, 1980
Potts, A.W.; Fattahallah, G.H., High-resolution ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of CO₂, COS and CS₂, J. Phys. B:, 1980, 13, 2545. [all data]

Hitchcock, Brion, et al., 1980
Hitchcock, A.P.; Brion, C.E.; Van der Wiel, M.J., Absolute oscillator strengths for valence-shell ionic photofragmentation of N₂O and CO₂(8-75 eV), Chem. Phys., 1980, 45, 461. [all data]

Sahini, Constantin, et al., 1978
Sahini, V.E.; Constantin, V.; Serban, I., Determination of ionization potentials using a MI-1305 mass spectrometer, Rev. Roum. Chim., 1978, 23, 479. [all data]

Mark and Hille, 1978
Mark, T.D.; Hille, E., Cross section for single and double ionization of carbon dioxide by electron impact threshold up to 180 eV, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 2492. [all data]

Jones and Taylor, 1978
Jones, G.G.; Taylor, J.W., A photoionization study of carbon dioxide dimers in a supersonic molecular beam, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 1768. [all data]

Frey, Gotchev, et al., 1977
Frey, R.; Gotchev, B.; Kalman, O.F.; Peatman, W.B.; Pollak, H.; Schlag, E.W., Photoionization resonance spectra of CO₂⁺ and threshold electron-ion coincidence measurements of the fragmentation of CO₂⁺, Chem. Phys., 1977, 21, 89. [all data]

Bussieres and Marmet, 1977
Bussieres, N.; Marmet, P., Ionization and dissociative ionization of CO₂ by electron impact, Can. J. Phys., 1977, 55, 1889. [all data]

Kronebusch and Berkowitz, 1976
Kronebusch, P.L.; Berkowitz, J., Photodissociative ionization in the 21-41 eV region: O₂, N₂, CO, NO, CO₂, H₂O, NH₃ and CH₄, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 22, 283. [all data]

Batten, Taylor, et al., 1976
Batten, C.F.; Taylor, J.A.; Meisels, G.G., Photoionization processes at threshold. I. Threshold photoelectron and photoionization spectra of CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 3316. [all data]

Parr and Taylor, 1974
Parr, G.R.; Taylor, J.W., Photoionization mass spectrometry. IV. Carbon dioxide, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 467. [all data]

Semenov, Volkov, et al., 1973
Semenov, G.A.; Volkov, A.D.; Franktseva, K.E., Mass-spectrometric study of sodium carbonate vaporization, Tr. Leningrad. Tekhnol. Inst. Tsellyul. Bum. Prom., 1973, 30, 153. [all data]

Parr and Taylor, 1973
Parr, G.R.; Taylor, J.W., A photoionization mass spectrometer utilizing a high intensity molecular beam sampling system and synchrotron radiation, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1973, 44, 1578. [all data]

Natalis, 1973
Natalis, P., Contribution a la spectroscopie photoelectronique. Effets de l'autoionisation dans less spectres photoelectroniques de molecules diatomiques et triatomiques, Acad. R. Belg. Mem. Cl. Sci. Collect. 8, 1973, 41, 1. [all data]

McCulloh, 1973
McCulloh, K.E., Photoionization of carbon dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4250. [all data]

Frost, Lee, et al., 1973
Frost, D.C.; Lee, S.T.; McDowell, C.A., Photoelectron spectra of OCSe, SCSe, and CSe₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 5484. [all data]

Brundle and Turner, 1969
Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W., Studies on the photoionisation of the linear triatomic molecules: N₂O, COS, CS₂ and CO₂ using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 195. [all data]

Eland and Danby, 1968
Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., Photoelectron spectra and ionic structure of carbon dioxide, carbon disulphide and sulphur dioxide, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 111. [all data]

Spohr and Puttkamer, 1967
Spohr, R.; Puttkamer, E.v., Energiemessung von Photoelektronen und Franck-Condon-Faktoren der Schwingungsubergange einiger Molekulionen, Z. Naturforsch., 1967, 22a, 705. [all data]

Carette, 1967
Carette, J.-D., Ionisation par impact electronique de CO₂ et N₂O, Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45, 2931. [all data]

Nakata, Watanabe, et al., 1965
Nakata, R.S.; Watanabe, K.; Matsunaga, F.M., Absorption and photoionization coefficients of CO₂ in the region 580-1670 A, Sci. Light (Tokyo), 1965, 14, 54. [all data]

Tanaka, Jursa, et al., 1960
Tanaka, Y.; Jursa, A.S.; LeBlanc, F.J., Higher ionization potentials of linear triatomic molecules. I. CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 1199. [all data]

Eland and Berkowitz, 1977
Eland, J.H.D.; Berkowitz, J., Photoionization mass spectrometry of HI and DI at high resolution, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 5034. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Schweig and Thiel, 1974
Schweig, A.; Thiel, W., Photoionization cross sections: He I- and He II-photoelectron spectra of homologous oxygen and sulphur compounds, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 265. [all data]

Potts and Williams, 1974
Potts, A.W.; Williams, T.A., The observation of "forbidden" transitions in He II photoelectron spectra, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 3. [all data]

Crowe and McConkey, 1974
Crowe, A.; McConkey, J.W., Dissociative ionization by electron impact. III. O⁺, CO⁺ and C⁺ from CO₂, J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 349. [all data]

Cuthbert, Farren, et al., 1968
Cuthbert, J.; Farren, J.; PrahalladaRao, B.S.; Preece, E.R., Sequential mass spectrometry. III. Ions and fragments from carbon dioxide anddisulphide, J. Phys. B:, 1968, 1, 62. [all data]

Eland and Berkowitz, 1977, 2
Eland, J.H.D.; Berkowitz, J., Formation and predissociation of CO₂⁺(C²Σ⁺_g), J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 2782. [all data]

Samson and Gardner, 1973
Samson, J.A.R.; Gardner, J.L., Fluorescence excitation and photoelectron spectra of CO₂ induced by vacuum ultraviolet radiation between 185 and 716 angstroms, J. Geophys. Res., 1973, 78, 3663. [all data]

Dibeler and Walker, 1967
Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A., Mass spectrometric study of the photoionization of small polyatomic molecules, Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1967, 4, 767. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
EA	Electron affinity
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
P_triple	Triple point pressure
T_c	Critical temperature
T_triple	Triple point temperature
V_c	Critical volume
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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