Nitric oxide

Formula: NO
Molecular weight: 30.0061
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/NO/c1-2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 10102-43-9
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Nitrogen oxide; Nitrogen monoxide; Nitrosyl radical; NO; Amidogen, oxo-; Nitrogen oxide (NO); UN 1660
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	21.58	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1963
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	50.373	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K)	298. to 1200.	1200. to 6000.
A	5.696681	8.602221
B	3.008791	0.228769
C	-0.272230	-0.035380
D	-0.357901	0.002384
E	0.051194	-0.717994
F	19.92300	17.47320
G	56.67349	58.83411
H	21.58010	21.58010
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in June, 1963	Data last reviewed in June, 1963

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

+ Nitric oxide = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + NO = (NO^- • NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PI	Ng, Tiedemann, et al., 1977	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.0	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

( • Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (NO^- • NO) + NO = (NO^- • 2NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.4	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.9	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase; M

( • Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • NO) + NO = (Ni⁺ • 2NO)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
27.4 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Khan, Steele, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Nitric oxide = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + NO = (Ni⁺ • NO)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
29.3 (+1.6,-0.)		CID	Khan, Steele, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • 2 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (NO^- • 2NO) + NO = (NO^- • 3NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.7	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • 3 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (NO^- • 3NO) + NO = (NO^- • 4NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.5	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

( • 4 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (NO^- • 4NO) + NO = (NO^- • 5NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.3	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M

= Nitric oxide +

By formula: C₂H₅NO₂ = NO + C₂H₅O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37.7	kcal/mol	Kin	Rebbert and Laidler, 1952	gas phase; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to NO⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	9.2642 ± 0.00002	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	127.1	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	120.8	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol)	Reference	Comment
125.75 ± 0.30	Kuo, Zhang, et al., 1997	T = 0K; Photoionization of HNO yields DHf(HNO+) from which PA(NO) is calculated at 0 K and 298K.; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.26438 ± 0.00005	TE	Reiser, Habenicht, et al., 1988	LL
9.26405 ± 0.00006	TE	Sander, Chewter, et al., 1987	LBLHLM
9.26383	PI	Muller-Dethlefs, Sander, et al., 1984	LBLHLM
9.2644	S	Seaver, Chupka, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
9.2643 ± 0.0002	PI	Ebata, Anezaki, et al., 1983	LBLHLM
9.23	PE	Fantoni, Giardini-Guidoni, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
9.2 ± 0.1	EI	Kim, Stephan, et al., 1981	LLK
9.54	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
9.26436	EVAL	Huber and Herzberg, 1979	LLK
9.26436 ± 0.00006	S	Miescher, 1976	LLK
9.27	PE	Natalis, 1973	LLK
9.262 ± 0.003	PE	Edqvist, Asbrink, et al., 1971	LLK
9.27	PE	Collin, Delwiche, et al., 1971	LLK
9.25 ± 0.02	EI	Hildenbrand, 1970	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.15	EI	Cristy and Mamantov, 1970	RDSH
9.267	TE	Peatman, Borne, et al., 1969	RDSH
9.2639 ± 0.0006	S	Jungen and Miescher, 1969	RDSH
9.27 ± 0.05	EI	Cantone, Emma, et al., 1968	RDSH
9.28 ± 0.03	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
9.266 ± 0.008	S	Dressler and Miescher, 1965	RDSH
9.250 ± 0.005	PI	Nicholson, 1963	RDSH
9.267 ± 0.005	S	Huber, 1961	RDSH
9.25 ± 0.02	PI	Watanabe, 1954	RDSH
9.26	PE	Kibel and Nyberg, 1979	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
N⁺	19.56	O^-	PI	Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1995	LL
N⁺	21.02	O	PI	Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1995	LL
N⁺	19.56 ± 0.03	O^-	PI	Oertel, Schenk, et al., 1980	LLK
N⁺	19.6 ± 0.2	O^-	EI	Locht and Momigny, 1971	LLK
N⁺	19.94 ± 0.14	O^-	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
N⁺	34.1 ± 0.7	O⁺	EI	Appell, Durup, et al., 1966	RDSH
N⁺	19.55 ± 0.04	O^-	EI	Cloutier and Schiff, 1959	RDSH
N⁺	21.11 ± 0.04	O	EI	Cloutier and Schiff, 1959	RDSH
N₄⁺	21.78 ± 0.11	O	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	20.12	N	PI	Erman, Karawajczyk, et al., 1995	LL
O⁺	20.1 ± 0.3	N	EI	Doong and Bizot, 1973	LLK
O⁺	20.46 ± 0.10	N	EI	Hierl and Franklin, 1967	RDSH
O⁺	20.11 ± 0.03	N	EI	Cloutier and Schiff, 1959	RDSH

Anion protonation reactions

+ =

By formula: NO^- + H⁺ = HNO

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	361.27 ± 0.15	kcal/mol	D-EA	Travers, Cowles, et al., 1989	gas phase; ground state triplet anion; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	354.68 ± 0.34	kcal/mol	H-TS	Travers, Cowles, et al., 1989	gas phase; ground state triplet anion; B

Ion clustering data

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Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Nitric oxide = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + NO = (NO^- • NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.8	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase
Δ_rH°	13.6	kcal/mol	PI	Ng, Tiedemann, et al., 1977	gas phase

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.0	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase

( • Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (NO^- • NO) + NO = (NO^- • 2NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.4	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.9	296.	SAMS	Puckett and Teague, 1971	gas phase

( • 2 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (NO^- • 2NO) + NO = (NO^- • 3NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.7	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase

( • 3 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (NO^- • 3NO) + NO = (NO^- • 4NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.5	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase

( • 4 Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (NO^- • 4NO) + NO = (NO^- • 5NO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.3	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase

+ Nitric oxide = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + NO = (Ni⁺ • NO)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
29.3 (+1.6,-0.)		CID	Khan, Steele, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID

( • Nitric oxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • NO) + NO = (Ni⁺ • 2NO)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
27.4 (+1.2,-0.)		CID	Khan, Steele, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Constants of diatomic molecules

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Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through March, 1977

Symbols used in the table of constants
Symbol	Meaning
State	electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
T_e	minimum electronic energy (cm^-1)
ω_e	vibrational constant – first term (cm^-1)
ω_ex_e	vibrational constant – second term (cm^-1)
ω_ey_e	vibrational constant – third term (cm^-1)
B_e	rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm^-1)
α_e	rotational constant – first term (cm^-1)
γ_e	rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm^-1)
D_e	centrifugal distortion constant (cm^-1)
β_e	rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm^-1)
r_e	internuclear distance (Å)
Trans.	observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν₀₀	position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)

Diatomic constants for ¹⁴N¹⁶O
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
For a detailed discussion of the electronic spectrum with particular emphasis on Rydberg ~ Rydberg and Rydberg ~ non-Rydberg interactions see Miescher and Huber, 1976; this review contains references to spectra of four isotopes as well as a short summary of theoretical calculations.
(²Σ^-,²Δ,²Σ⁺) 2	Broad unresolved peak in the oxygen K shell electron energy loss spectrum at 532.7 eV. 1
(²Σ^-,²Δ,²Σ⁺) 2	↳Wight and Brion, 1974
Rydberg states converging to the nitrogen K edge at 410.2 (³Π) and 411.6 (¹Π) eV, observed in X-ray absorption and electron energy loss spectra at 406.3, 407.3, 408.6 eV, ...
↳Morioka, Nakamura, et al., 1974; Wight and Brion, 1974
(²Σ^-) 4	Two very weak bands in the X-ray absorption spectrum at 402.3 and 403.9 eV. 3
(²Σ^-) 4	↳Morioka, Nakamura, et al., 1974
(²Δ,²Σ⁺,²Σ^-) 5	Two very weak bands in the X-ray absorption spectrum at 402.3 and 403.9 eV. 3
(²Δ,²Σ⁺,²Σ^-) 5	↳Morioka, Nakamura, et al., 1974
(²Σ^-,²Δ,²Σ⁺) 7	Strong unresolved peak in X-ray absorption and electron energy loss spectra at 399.8 eV.6
(²Σ^-,²Δ,²Σ⁺) 7	↳Morioka, Nakamura, et al., 1974; Wight and Brion, 1974
Narayana 9	Narayana and Price's absorption Rydberg series converging to c ³Π of NO⁺:
	4σ5σ²1π⁴2π ndλ ν = 175220 - R/(n+0.05)², n = 3...7. All bands diffuse.8
	↳missing citation; Sasanuma, Morioka, et al., 1974
	4σ5σ²1π⁴2π npλ ν = 175220 - R/(n-0.70)², n = 3...6. All bands diffuse.8
	↳missing citation; Sasanuma, Morioka, et al., 1974
Fragments of an additional series Sasanuma, Morioka, et al., 1974. Additional cross sections 700 - 180 Å (143000 - 556000 cm^-1).
↳Gardner, Lynch, et al., 1973; Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973
Tanaka 11	Tanaka's absorption Rydberg series converging to A ¹Π(v=0) and b ³Π(v=0) of NP⁺:
	5σ1π⁴2π npλ ν ≈ 147805 - R/(n-0.78)²; γ series, n=3...11.10 Also fragments of weak series with v'=1.
	↳Tanaka, 1942; missing citation; Edqvist, Lindholm, et al., 1970
	5σ1π⁴2π npλ ν ≈ 133570 - R/(n-0.70)²; β series, n=3...15.10 Also fragments of weak series with v'=1.
	↳Tanaka, 1942; missing citation; Edqvist, Lindholm, et al., 1970
1π³2π nsσ Rydberg series converging to a ³Σ⁺, w ³Δ, b ³Σ^-, A ¹Σ^-, W ¹Δ of NO⁺. Only the first two or three members of each absorption series have been identified; long upper state progressions. Tables of absorption features 950 - 650 Å (105000 - 154000 cm^-1) Tanaka, 1942, Huber, 1961, Metzger, Cook, et al., 1967. Absorption coefficients, photoionization and photodissociation yields Reese and Rosenstock, 1966, Metzger, Cook, et al., 1967, Watanabe, Matsunaga, et al., 1967, Bahr, Blake, et al., 1972, Hertz, Jochims, et al., 1974.
↳Edqvist, Lindholm, et al., 1970
The band structure of the absorption spectrum from 80000 to 105000 cm^-1 has not yet been analyzed. Absorption coefficients, photoionization efficiency curves Nicholson, 1963, Reese and Rosenstock, 1966, Watanabe, Matsunaga, et al., 1967; the data of Watanabe, Matsunaga, et al., 1967 are conveiently plotted in Figure 6 of Gardner and Samson, 1973 and Figure 4 of Kleimenov, Chizhov, et al., 1972. Autoionization processes have been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy Collin, Delwiche, et al., 1971, Gardner and Samson, 1973, Caprace, Delwiche, et al., 1976; partial cross-sections for the formation of vibrationally excited NO⁺ Kleimenov, Chizhov, et al., 1972.
Atlas of the absorption spectrum 1420 - 1250 Å (70400 - 80000 cm^-1) Miescher and Alberti, 1976; for a photographic reproduction of the spectrum at longer wavelengths (1920 - 1400 Å) see Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1958. A useful quantitative low-resolution plot of the absorption from 2300 to 1100 Å may be found in Figure 2.1 of Miescher and Huber, 1976, adapted from Marmo, 1953. Absorption coefficients, photoionization efficiency curves Watanabe, Marmo, et al., 1953, Watanabe, Matsunaga, et al., 1967, Killgoar, Leroi, et al., 1973, and Ng, Mahan, et al., 1976 whose supersonic molecular beam technique made it possible to resolve the autoionization strucutre superimposed on the first four vibrational steps due to direct ionization.
Rydberg series converging to v=0...4 of X ¹Σ⁺ of NO⁺ and fragments of series with v'=5:
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
nf series 12											nf ← X
nf series 12	↳missing citation; missing citation
ndδ series 13											ndδ ← X
ndδ series 13	↳missing citation; Miescher and Huber, 1976; missing citation
npπ,σ series 14											npπ,σ ← X
npπ,σ series 14	↳missing citation; Miescher and Huber, 1976; missing citation
nsσ series 15											nsσ ← X
nsσ series 15	↳missing citation; Miescher and Huber, 1976; missing citation
Several unnassigned non-Rydberg levels, mixed with Rydberg levels, near the dissociation limit ²D + ³P at 71627 cm^-1.
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
6f	71427	2376 H	16.2								6f ← X	71543
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
	71427	2376 H	16.2								6f ← X	71662.6 H
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
6dδ	(71342)	(2397) H	(23)		[1.86]						6dδ ← X V	71467
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
	(71342)	(2397) H	(23)		[1.86]						6dδ ← X V	71586 16 Z
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
Z ²Σ⁺ 7sσ	71224	2377 H	16.4		[1.938]						Z ← X V	71340
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
	71224	2377 H	16.4		[1.938]						Z ← X V	71460 16 Z
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
Y ²Σ⁺ 6pσ	70614	2370	15.₀		[2.11] 17						Y ← X V	70728
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												70847 18 Z
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
W ²Π 6pπ	70512	2375	15.₆ 19								W ← X	70627
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												70747
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
5f	70079	2377 H	16.5		[1.988] 20						5f ← X	70195
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												70315 21
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
U ²Δ5dδ	(69977)	2371	16.₄ 22								U ← X	(70090)
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
												(70210)
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
T ²Σ⁺6sσ	(69728)	2372	15.7 23								T ← X V	(69841)
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												(69961)
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
R ²Σ⁺5pσ	(68598)				[2.04] 24 25						R ← X V	68710.9
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
												68830.7 18 Z
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
Q ²Π5pπ 26											Q ← X	68526
Q ²Π5pπ 26	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
Q ²Π5pπ												68646
Q ²Π5pπ	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
O' ²Π 4dπ	(67762) 27	(2371)	(16)		[2.022] 28						O,O' → D	14702.2
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
												14697.9
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
O ²Σ⁺ 4dσ	(67757)	(2371)	(16)		[1.990] 28						O,O' → C	15623
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
												15619
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
											O,O' ← X	67874.8
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
											O,O' ← X	67870.5
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
											O,O' ← X	67994.5 18 Z
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
											O,O' ← X	67990.3 18 Z
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
4f	67596	2381 H	18.5		[1.988] 20					[1.065₇]	4f ← X	67713
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												67833 21
	↳Miescher, 1966; missing citation
N ²Δ4dδ	67374	2375 29	15 29		1.969 29	0.026 29					N → C 30	15238 29
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
											N ↔ X V	67489
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
											N ↔ X V	67609 29
	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
S ²Σ⁺5sσ	66900	2378 Z	16.5		1.980	0.020					S ← X V	67016
	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966
												67136 18 Z
	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966
M ²Σ⁺4pσ	64437	2352 Z	19.₅		2.022 31	0.018					M ← X V	64540
	↳Barrow and Miescher, 1957; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
											M ← X V	64660 18 Z
	↳Barrow and Miescher, 1957; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
K ²Π4pπ 34					[1.895] 32 33						K ← X V	64167
K ²Π4pπ 34	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
K ²Π4pπ					[1.895] 32 33						K ← X V	64287 18 35 Z
K ²Π4pπ	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
I ²Σ⁺	(63500) 36										I ← X R
I ²Σ⁺	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; Miescher, 1976
G ²Σ^-	62913.0	1085.54 Z	11.083 37	-0.1439	1.2523 38	0.0204				1.3427	G ← X 39 R	62384.7
	↳missing citation; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
												62504.4 40 Z
	↳missing citation; missing citation; Miescher, 1976
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
L ²Π_i	(62500) 41 42										L ← X
L ²Π_i	↳Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation
H' ²Π 3dπ	62485.4 43	2371.3 Z	16.17		2.015 44	0.021				1.058₅	H,H → D 45	9426.0
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; missing citation
												9414.2
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; missing citation
H ²Σ⁺ 3dσ	62473.₄	[2339.4] Z			2.003 44	0.018				1.061₇	H,H' → C 45	10348
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; Huber, 1964; missing citation
												10336
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; Huber, 1964; missing citation
											H,H' → A 45	18518.2
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; missing citation
											H,H' → A 45	18506.4
	↳Huber, Huber, et al., 1963; missing citation
											H,H' ← X 46	62598.6
	↳Huber and Miescher, 1963; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												62586.8
	↳Huber and Miescher, 1963; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												62718.4 40 Z
	↳Huber and Miescher, 1963; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
												62706.6 40 Z
	↳Huber and Miescher, 1963; Miescher, 1966; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
F ²Δ3dδ	61800	2394 47	20 47		1.982 47	0.023 47				1.067	F → C 48 45	9670 47
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
											F ↔ X 46 V	61924
	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
											F ↔ X 46 V	62044 49
	↳Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
E ²Σ⁺4sσ	60628.8	2375.3 Z	16.4₃		1.9863 50	0.182		5.6E-6			E → D 45 51	7571.5
	↳Feast, 1950; Heath, 1959
											E → A 45	16663.63 Z
	↳missing citation; missing citation
											E ← X 52 V	60744.1
	↳Tanaka, Seya, et al., 1951; Ueda, 1955; missing citation; Dressler and Miescher, 1965
												60863.8 40 Z
	↳Tanaka, Seya, et al., 1951; Ueda, 1955; missing citation; Dressler and Miescher, 1965
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
B' ²Δ_i	60364.2 53	1217.4 54	15.61 54		1.322 54	0.021 54				1.302	B' → C 55
	↳Huber, 1964; missing citation
											B' → B 56 52 V	14508.6
	↳Baer and Miescher, 1952; Ogawa, 1953; Ogawa and Shimauchi, 1956; Huber, 1964
												14538.7
	↳Baer and Miescher, 1952; Ogawa, 1953; Ogawa and Shimauchi, 1956; Huber, 1964
											B' ↔ X 56 57 52 R	59900.7
	↳Baer and Miescher, 1951; Baer and Miescher, 1952; Sutcliffe and Walsh, 1953; Tanaka, 1953; Ueda, 1955; missing citation; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
												60020.4 40 Z
	↳Baer and Miescher, 1951; Baer and Miescher, 1952; Sutcliffe and Walsh, 1953; Tanaka, 1953; Ueda, 1955; missing citation; Dressler and Miescher, 1965; missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
D ²Σ⁺ 3pσ	53084.7	2323.90 Z	22.88₅ 58	0.75	2.0026 59	0.02175		[5.8E-6]		1.061₈	D → A 60 45	9092.17 Z
	↳Feast, 1950; Huber, 1964; missing citation; missing citation
											D ↔ X 60 52 61 V	53172.7
	↳missing citation; missing citation; Gero, Schmid, et al., 1944; Baer and Miescher, 1952; Tanaka, 1953; Ogawa, 1955; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Poland and Broida, 1971
												53292.4 40 Z
	↳missing citation; missing citation; Gero, Schmid, et al., 1944; Baer and Miescher, 1952; Tanaka, 1953; Ogawa, 1955; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Poland and Broida, 1971
C ²Π_r 3pπ	52126 62	2395 63	15 63		2.000 63 64	0.030 63				1.062	C → A 64 65	8172
	↳Heath, 1959; missing citation; missing citation
											C ↔ X 64 66 67 V	52251
	↳missing citation; Schmid, 1928; missing citation; Gaydon, 1944; Herzberg, Lagerqvist, et al., 1956; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Poland and Broida, 1971
												52371
	↳missing citation; Schmid, 1928; missing citation; Gaydon, 1944; Herzberg, Lagerqvist, et al., 1956; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; missing citation; Poland and Broida, 1971
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
b (⁴Σ^-)	(48680)	1206 68 H	15								b → a V	10395 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
												10375 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
												10350 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
												10323 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
												10300 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
												10272 68 H
	↳missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
B ²Π_r	45942.6 69	1039.8 70 Z	8.3₂	0.17	1.152 70	0.012		4.9E-6		1.416₇	B ↔ X 71 72 67 R	45392.1 73 Z
	↳missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Schmid, 1928; Sutcliffe and Walsh, 1953; missing citation; Ogawa, 1955; Ogawa and Shimauchi, 1956; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; missing citation; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970
	45913.6	1037.2 70 Z	7.7₀	0.10	1.092 70 74	0.012		4.9E-6		1.416₇		45481.7 73 Z
	↳missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Schmid, 1928; Sutcliffe and Walsh, 1953; missing citation; Ogawa, 1955; Ogawa and Shimauchi, 1956; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; missing citation; missing citation; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1962; Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966; Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970
A ²Σ⁺ 3sσ	43965.7	2374.31 Z	10.106 75	-0.0465	1.9965 76 77 78	0.01915 76		5.4E-6		1.06434	A ↔ X 79 80 81 67 V	44080.5
	↳missing citation; Schmid, 1928; Gero and Schmid, 1948; Ogawa, 1955; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; Koczkas, 1959; Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970
												44200.2 82 Z
	↳missing citation; Schmid, 1928; Gero and Schmid, 1948; Ogawa, 1955; Deezsi and Matrai, 1957; Koczkas, 1959; Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
a (⁴Π_i)	(38440)	1017 H	11								(a → X) 83	(38000)
a (⁴Π_i)	↳Broida and Peyron, 1960; Frosch and Robinson, 1964
X ²Π_r	119.82 84	1904.04₀ Z	14.100 85		[1.72016] 86	0.0182		[10.23E-6] 86		1.15077	3/2 ← 1/2 87	119.73 88 Z
	↳Brown, Cole, et al., 1972
	0	1904.20₄ Z	14.075 85		[1.67195] 86 89	0.0171		[0.54E-₆] 86		1.15077
	↳Brown, Cole, et al., 1972
	Rotation vibration sp.: 4→2
	↳Horn and Dickey, 1964
	Rotation vibration sp.: 4←0
	↳Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965; Meyer and Haeusler, 1965
	Rotation vibration sp.: 3→1
	↳Horn and Dickey, 1964
	Rotation vibration sp.: 3←0 90 91
	↳Nichols, Hause, et al., 1955; Arcas, Haeusler, et al., 1963; Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1964; Olman, McNelis, et al., 1964; Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965
	Rotation vibration sp.: 2←1
	↳Guerra, Sanchez, et al., 1977
	Rotation vibration sp.: 2↔0 90 91 92
	↳Nichols, Hause, et al., 1955; Horn and Dickey, 1964; Olman, McNelis, et al., 1964; Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965
	Rotation vibration sp.: 1↔0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97
	↳Shaw, 1956; Thompson and Green, 1956; missing citation; James and Thibault, 1964; Keck and Hause, 1968; Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976; Johns, Reid, et al., 1977
	Rotation sp. 98
	↳Gallagher and Johnson, 1956; Palik and Rao, 1956; Favero, Mirri, et al., 1959; Hall and Dowling, 1966; Brown, Cole, et al., 1972
	Raman sp. 99
	↳Renschler, Hunt, et al., 1969; Shotton and Jones, 1970
	EPR sp.
	↳Brown and Radford, 1966; Ashford, Jarke, et al., 1972; Jarke, Ashford, et al., 1976
	Hyperfine Λ doubl. sp. q
	↳Neumann, 1970; Meerts and Dymanus, 1972; Meerts, 1976

Notes

Excitation of a 1s₀ electron to the 2π orbital.

Rydberg states converging to the nitrogen K edge at 410.2 (³Π) and 411.6 (¹Π) eV, observed in X-ray absorption and electron energy loss spectra at 406.3, 407.3, 408.6 eV, ...

Tentatively interpreted as arising from two-electron excitation from the 1s_N and lπ to the 2π orbital Morioka, Nakamura, et al., 1974. Only one peak (404.7 eV) is observed in the electron energy loss spectrum Wight and Brion, 1974.

Two very weak bands in the X-ray absorption spectrum at 402.3 and 403.9 eV. 3

Strong unresolved peak in X-ray absorption and electron energy loss spectra at 399.8 eV.6

Excitation of a 1s_N electron to the 2π orbital.

Narayana and Price's absorption Rydberg series converging to c ³Π of NO⁺:

Photoionization yields (NO⁺, N⁺, O⁺) in the region of these Rydberg series Hertz, Jochims, et al., 1974, 2.

Fragments of an additional series Sasanuma, Morioka, et al., 1974. Additional cross sections 700 - 180 Å (143000 - 556000 cm^-1).

The Rydberg formulae do not accurately reproduce the observed bands owing to the slow variation of the quantum defect with n.

1π³2π nsσ Rydberg series converging to a ³Σ⁺, w ³Δ, b ³Σ^-, A ¹Σ^-, W ¹Δ of NO⁺. Only the first two or three members of each absorption series have been identified; long upper state progressions. Tables of absorption features 950 - 650 Å (105000 - 154000 cm^-1) Tanaka, 1942, Huber, 1961*, Metzger, Cook, et al., 1967*. Absorption coefficients, photoionization and photodissociation yields Reese and Rosenstock, 1966, Metzger, Cook, et al., 1967, Watanabe, Matsunaga, et al., 1967, Bahr, Blake, et al., 1972, Hertz, Jochims, et al., 1974.

n = 4...15. Sharp rotational structure.

Joinging on to F ²Δ(n=3), N ²Δ(n=4), U ²Δ(n=5), and incompletely observed to n=8. Perturbations by stable and unstable states.

Joining on to C ²Π, D ²Σ⁺(n=3), K ²Π, M ²Σ⁺(n=4), Q ²Π, R ²Σ⁺(n=5), and W ²Π, Y ²Σ⁺(n=6); bands of varying diffuseness have been observed to n=11. The influence of the unstable A' ²Σ⁺ state is briefly discussed in Miescher, 1976.

Joining on to A ²Σ⁺(n=3), E ²Σ⁺(n=4), S ²Σ⁺(n=5), T ²Σ⁺(n=6) Z ²Σ⁺(n=7). The B_e values decrease from 1.997 (n=3) to 1.713 for the highest observed state (n=11) as a consequence of nsσ ~ (n-1)dσ interactions.28 Sharp rotational structure.

These band origins refer to N'=0 (non-existent for Λ ≠ 0) in the excited state and to the hypothetical level J"=0 of the X ²Π_1/2 ground state, in accordance with definitions adopted in these tables. The corresponding numbers for the X ²Π_3/2 component are obtained by subtracting 119.7 cm^-1.

v=1,2,3 diffuse

See 16.

v=0 perturbed by non-Rydberg level; v=1,2,3 very diffuse

B value of the NO⁺ core. For details of the analysis and derived core parameters (polarizability, quadrupole moment) see Jungen and Miescher, 1969.

Energy of the Δ (or L = 2) component relative to the hypothetical level J"=0, calculated using results from the analysis of the ¹⁴N¹⁸O spectrum; see Jungen and Miescher, 1969.

Partial rot. Analyses for v=0,1 (¹⁵N¹⁸O). Perturbations by non-Rydberg levels. V=2,3,4 diffuse to varying degrees.

v=0 coincides with I(v=6) and E(v=4), strong perturbation. B₁ = 1.92.

The interaction between R ²Σ⁺(v=0), I ²Σ⁺(v=5?), and the continuous A' ²Σ⁺ state has been observed in the spectra of four isotopes; see Figure 2.5 of Miescher and Huber, 1976.

v=1,2 diffuse

v=0,1 mixed with non-Rydberg levels, v=2,3,4 diffuse.

A slight mixing of the ground state into the ndπ components is responsible for the larger than expected spin-orbit coupling in H'(A = +0.96, ξ = +0.92) and O'(A = +0.36, ξ = +0.34); see Jungen, 1970, also Kovacs, 1963, Suter, 1969, Miescher, 1971.

Strong l-uncoupling, η(v=0) = 1.92, 3d and η(v=0) = 1.88, 4d for 3d and 4d, respectively Miescher, 1971. The magnitude of η was interpreted in terms of s~d mixing Jungen, 1970; the interaction matrix elements are 910 (4sσ ~3dσ) and 430 cm^-1 (5sσ~4dσ). The non-negligible spin-orbit coupling in ndπ (see 27) gives rise to small perturbations between e levels of the ²Π F₁ and F₂ components Huber and Miescher, 1963, Kovacs, 1963, Suter, 1969, Miescher, 1971. Additional perturbations in H,H' by Rydberg and non-Rydberg levels Miescher, 1971. For H,H'(v=3) only Π^- has been observed. The Π⁺ and Σ⁺ components of 0,0'(v=0) are weakly predissociated for all N, Π^- above N=16 Suter, 1969.

Approximate deperturbed constants, see 54; v=3 at 74580 cm^-1 is very diffuse Miescher, 1976.

The N→C 0-0 band is strongly mixed with B'→C 7-0; see 55.

Heterogeneous perturbations by levels of B ²Π Jungen and Miescher, 1968. Levels having v≥1 are diffuse to varying degrees.

A small perturbation by L ²Π(v=2?) affects the first few rotational levels in v=0; higher vibrational levels (v=1,2,3) are strongly mixed with non-Rydberg states (B ²Π and L ²Π).

Λ-type doubling, Δ v_fe(F₁) = +0.034N(N+1).

v=0...3 observed.

Deperturbed.

Five levels (v=4...8?) have been observed for various isotopes in the region 67800 - 72000 cm^-1. Erratic behaviour with regard to diffuseness and isotopes shifts on account of interactions with the unstable A' ²Σ⁺ state and with npσ Rydberg states. See also Ben-Aryeh, 1973.

ω_ey_e = -0.1439. The levels v=10,11,12 are diffuse and lie above the limit ²D + ³P; v=13 not observed. See also Ben-Aryeh, 1973.

Small perturbations in isotope spectra.

Absorption in rare gas matrices Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967,197, in high pressure argon Miladi, le Falher, et al., 1975.

See 16.

A ~ -80.

Fragments of several levels (vibr. Numbering not established) in perturbations with levels of B, C, K. Constants comparable to B ^Π.

See 27.

See 28.

For experimental and theoretical f values see Wray, 1969, Groth, Kley, et al., 1971 and Gallusser and Dressler, 1971, respectively.

Also observed by non-resonant multiphoton ionization spectroscopy Johnson, Berman, et al., 1975.

Approximate deperturbed constants; see 54.

Lines of the perturbed F→C 1-1 band are prominent in the NO laser spectrum Miescher, 1974; see 54, 55.

missing note

v=3,4 somewhat diffuse, v=5 sharp. Emission observed from v≤2; Huber, 1964 reports an abrupt breaking-off in the E→A 2-2 band for an upper state energy of 68100 cm^-1.

E→C not observed, in agreement with theoretical predictions Gallusser and Dressler, 1971 regarding the dipole transition strengths of E→C and E→D.

For references to Franck-Condon factor calculations see the review by Ortenberg and Antropov, 1967.

A₀= -2.2 Jungen, 1966, A₁= -2.4 Jungen, 1966, ..., A₉= -4.9 Jungen, 1966.

Deperturbed constants; B' ²Δ interacts strongly with F ²Δ (matrix element H_e~(F ²Δ) ~ 450 cm^-1) and N ²Δ (H_e ~ 400) Felenbok and Lefebvre-Brion, 1966, Jungen, 1966; see also 57. Perturbations by B ²Π are unobservably small because of unfavorable Franck-Condon factors Field, Gottscho, et al., 1975.

Fragments of two bands, 4-1 at 9800 cm^-1 and 7-0 at 15300 cm^-1, both appearing on account of configuration interaction, in the upper state with F ²Δ and N ²Δ, respectively, in the lower state with B ²Π. Lines of the 4-1 band, together with F→C 1-1, are seen in the NO laser spectrum Huber, 1964, 2, Jungen, Miescher, et al., 1966, Broida and Miescher, 1973, Miescher, 1974.

Lifetime τ(v=1) = 75 ns Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974.

An experimentally deperturbed spectrum of B'-X is observed in matrix absorption Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967, Roncin, 1968, Boursey, 1976. A gradual deperturbation in the gas phase is induced by increasingly high foreign gas pressures Miladi, le Falher, et al., 1975.

ω_ez_e = -0.22, v≤4 Barrow and Miescher, 1957, not including v=5 and v=6 Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966. The vibrational constants clearly differ from those of other Rydberg ²Σ states or of the NO+ ground state. It has been suggested [see e.g. Miescher, 1971, also Ben-Aryeh, 1973] that there is an avoided crossing of the potential curves of D ²Σ⁺ and A' ²Σ⁺ (unstable, arising from ⁴S+³P).

From Barrow and Miescher, 1957. Heterogeneous perturbations by B ²Π; for details see Jungen and Miescher, 1968. According to Huber, 1964 the rotational structure of D→A 1-1, 2-2, 3-3 breaks off abruptly at D state energies of 59270 cm^-1 in v=1,2 and 60100 cm^-1 in v=3.

Lifetimes τ(v=0) = 18.₄ ns Hesser, 1968, τ(v=0)= 19.₀ ns Benoist D'Azy, Lopez-Delgado, et al., 1975, τ(v=0)= 25.₇ ns Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974; τ(v=1) = 26.₄ ns Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974.

f₀₀ = 0.0025 Bethke, 1959, f₁₀ = 0.0046 Bethke, 1959, f₂₀ = 0.0033 Bethke, 1959; from integrated absorption intensities Bethke, 1959. See also Ory, 1964, Callear and Pilling, 1970.

A₀ = +3.0 cm^-1 Ackermann and Miescher, 1968.

Approximate deperturbed constants; strong interaction with B ²Π, see 70. Λ-type doubling, Δ v_fe(F₁) = +0.016N(N+l).

Weak predissociation in v=0 above N=3 or 4 [see Miescher, 1974, Dingle, Freedman, et al., 1975 and 100]. The predissociation is assumed to occur via the continuum of the a ⁴Π state and causes a reduction of the measured lifetimes in v=0 from 20 ns for N ~< 4 to 3 ns for N ~> 4 Benoist D'Azy, Lopez-Delgado, et al., 1975; τ(v=1) ≤ 0.3 ns. No emission has been observed from levels having v≥1.

See 45.

f₀₀ = 0.0023 Bethke, 1959, Mandelman and Carrington, 1974, higher value in Callear and Pilling, 1970; f₁₀ = 0.0058 Bethke, 1959, f₂₀ = 0.0027 Bethke, 1959. See also Ory, 1964.

See 52 RKR Franck-Condon factors for the β bands Jain and Sahni, 1968, Generosa and Harris, 1970, for the γ bands Jain and Sahni, 1968, Spindler, Isaacson, et al., 1970.

A different vibrational numbering was suggested by Gilmore, 1965.

A_v = +31.32 + 1.152(v+1/2) + 0.0448(v+1/2)². The expression represents the data of Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970 for the first seven levels. A_v increases to +77 for v=25; see Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1966.

Effective constants for v ≤5 Callear and Smith, 1965. The reevaluation of the constants by Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970, based on new measurements of the β bands and using a modified Hill-Van Vleck expression, gave G(v) = 1037.45(v+1/2) - 7.472(v+1/2)² + 0.07253~(v+1/2)³, B_v = 1.1250 - 0.0l348(v+1/2) + 0.000125~(v+1/2)². The highest level observed in emission is v'=7 [mixed with C(v=0)] Deezsi, 1960, Ackermann and Miescher, 1969; vibrational levels as high as v'=29 have been identified in the absorption spectrum Dressler and Miescher, 1965. They are strongly perturbed by interaction with the Rydberg states C ²Π (matrix element H_e(C ²Π) ~1200 cm^-1) and K ²Π (H_e(K ²Π) ~800); see Lagerqvist and Miescher, 1958, Felenbok and Lefebvre-Brion, 1966. A complete deperturbation, taking also into account the interaction with L ²Π, was attempted by Bartholdi, Leoni, et al., 1971; more recent results by Gallusser and Dressler (ω_e = 1025.0 Boursey and Roncin, 1975, ω_ex_e = 4.52 Boursey and Roncin, 1975, ω_ey_e = -0.0846 Boursey and Roncin, 1975) are quoted by Boursey and Roncin, 1975 who observed the deperturbed spectrum of B ²Π in matrix absorption Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967, Roncin, 1968. A similar deperturbation is induced by high pressure foreign gases Miladi, le Falher, et al., 1975. Heterogeneous interactions with levels of D ²Σ⁺ and M ²Σ⁺ are discussed by Jungen and Miescher, 1968.

Radiative lifetimes τ(v=0) = 1.9₉ μs Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974, τ(v=1)= 1.7₈ μs Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974, τ(v=4)= 1.6₅ μs Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974. Jeunehomme and Duncan, 1964 give somewhat longer lifetimes.

f₀₀ = 2.5E-8 Hasson and Nicholls, 1971; f_v'0 values increase to 4.6E-5 for v'=6 Bethke, 1959, Hasson and Nicholls, 1971, Farmer, Hasson, et al., 1972. Above v'=7 the intensities are governed by the strong interactions with the 3p and 4p Rydberg states; see 70. See also Antropov, Dronov, et al., 1964, Ory, 1964, Marr, 1964, Antropov, 1968.

Referring to the hypothetical J=0 levels in both upper and lower state.

Λ-type doubling Huber, 1964. Δ v_fe(v=0)= -0.0064(J+1/2) Huber, 1964.

Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970

Rotational constants reevaluated from data in Barrow and Miescher, 1957 and Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970; the equilibrium constants of the latter appear unreliable.

Spin splitting constant γ(v=3) = -0.0027650, μ_el(v=3)=1.10 D. These constants, as well as eqQ and magnetic hf constants, have been recalculated by Woods and Dixon, 1976 from the optical-rf double resonance experiment of Bergeman and Zare, 1974; see also Green, 1972 Walch and Goddard, 1975. Hanle effect German, Zare, et al., 1971, Gouedard, 1972, Weinstock, Zare, et al., 1972.

According to Gero and Schmid, 1948, Deezsi, 1959 the intensity of the emission bands drops sharply at N'=74,64,52,38 in v'= 0,1,2,3, respectively; bands with v'≥4 have not been observed in emission.

Radiative lifetimes τ(v=0) = 215 ns Zacharias, Halpern, et al., 1976, τ(v=1) = 203 ns Zacharias, Halpern, et al., 1976,τ(v=2) = 174 ns Zacharias, Halpern, et al., 1976; good agreement with Brzozowski, Elander, et al., 1974 except for v=2 where these authors find τ(v=2) = 195 ns Zacharias, Halpern, et al., 1976. See also Jeunehomme, 1966, Weinstock, Zare, et al., 1972, Benoist D'Azy, Lopez-Delgado, et al., 1975.

f₀₀ = 0.00038 Weber and Penner, 1957, Bethke, 1959, Pery-Thorne and Banfield, 1970, Farmer, Hasson, et al., 1972, Hasson, Farmer, et al., 1972, f₁₀= 0.00081 Weber and Penner, 1957, Bethke, 1959, Pery-Thorne and Banfield, 1970, Farmer, Hasson, et al., 1972, Hasson, Farmer, et al., 1972, f₂₀= 0.00069 Weber and Penner, 1957, Bethke, 1959, Pery-Thorne and Banfield, 1970, Farmer, Hasson, et al., 1972, Hasson, Farmer, et al., 1972, f₃₀= 0.00030 Weber and Penner, 1957, Bethke, 1959, Pery-Thorne and Banfield, 1970, Farmer, Hasson, et al., 1972, Hasson, Farmer, et al., 1972; weighted average values. Variation of transition moment with r Marr, 1964, Callear, Pilling, et al., 1966, Jeunehomme, 1966, Antropov, Kolesnikov, et al., 1967, Antropov, 1968, Jain and Sahni, 1968, Bubert, 1972; see also Poland and Broida, 1971.

Also observed in two-photon excitation Bray, Hochstrasser, et al., 1974, Bray, Hochstrasser, et al., 1975, Zacharias, Halpern, et al., 1976 and magnetic rotation spectra Robinson, 1967. ¹⁵N¹⁶O band head measurements Cisak, Danielak, et al., 1970.

see 16 .

Assignment uncertain, only observed in rare gas matrices. Predicted lifetime τ= 0.1 s Lefebvre-Brion and Guerin, 1968. See also Zarur and Chiu, 1973.

A_v = +123.26 - 0.1906(v+1/2) - 0.0108(v+1/2)²; from the analysis of β and γ bands having v"≤16 Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970. Much more precise constants for v=0 and 1 (A eff=123.1393 v=0 and A eff=122.8935 v=1, respectively) and their J dependence have been determined from measurements on the vibration-rotation fundamental and on the pure rotation spectrum Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976, Johns, Reid, et al., 1977. See also Brown, Cole, et al., 1972, Mizushima, Evenson, et al., 1972.

ω_ey_e = 0.011₀ (²Π_3/2) James and Thibault, 1964, Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965 and ω_ey_e= 0.007₇ (²Π_1/2) James and Thibault, 1964, Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965; these are effective vibrational constants obtained from rotation-vibration spectra James and Thibault, 1964, Meyer, Haeusler, et al., 1965. Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976, Johns, Reid, et al., 1977 have accurately evaluated ΔG(1/2) = 1875.972 Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976, Johns, Reid, et al., 1977; see 84. Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970, see 84, give the following expression, valid for v≤l6: G(v) = 1904.40₅(v+1/2) - 14.1870(v+1/2)² + 0.0240₀(v+1/2)³ - 0.00093(v+1/2)⁴, v≤16. The vibrational levels have been observed to v=23 Brook and Kaplan, 1954.

Effective rotational constants from rotation Gallagher and Johnson, 1956, Favero, Mirri, et al., 1959, Hall and Dowling, 1966 and rotation-vibration spectra Hakuta and Uehara, 1975, Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976. Precise B and D values for v=0 and 1 have been calculated by Johns, Reid, et al., 1977, see 84, B₀ = 1.69611₅, B₁ = 1.67854₄; D₀ = 5.3₄E-6, D₁ = 5.3₇E-6; good agreement with Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976. Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970, see 84, give the following expression for v≤l6: B_v = 1.7042₇ - 0.01728(v+1/2) - 0.000037(v+1/2)² Engleman, Rouse, et al., 1970.

Observed in the electronic-rotational Raman spectrum Rasetti, 1930 Fast, Welsh, et al., 1969, Lepard, 1970, and as magnetic dipole transition in the far IR Brown, Cole, et al., 1972. Laser Zeeman spectrum Mizushima, Evenson, et al., 1972.

See 73.

Λ-type doubling, Δ v_fe ~ (+)0.0117(J+1/2). Precise Λ-doubling constants have been evaluated by Meerts and Dymanus, 1972, Meerts, 1976, Valentin, Boissy, et al., 1976, Johns, Reid, et al., 1977, the variation of p and q with v agrees with the measurements of Guerra, Sanchez, et al., 1977.

Magnetic rotation Mann and Hause, 1960, Aubel and Hause, 1966, Buckingham and Segal, 1968, Keck and Hause, 1968, 2, Blum, Nill, et al., 1973.

Integrated band intensities, dipole moment function Schurin and Ellis, 1966, Michels, 1971, Chandraiah and Cho, 1973, Konkov and Vorontsov, 1973; Billingsley, 1975, Billingsley, 1976.

2-O band of ¹⁵N¹⁸O Griggs and Rao, 1967, 1-0 band of ¹⁵N¹⁶,¹⁸O Fletcher and Begun, 1957, Griggs and Rao, 1967, Keck and Hause, 1968.

Λ-doubling, nuclear hfs, and Zeeman splittings Blum, Nill, et al., 1972, Nill, Blum, et al., 1972. ²Π_3/2 laser magnetic resonance spectra Zeiger, Blum, et al., 1973, Hakuta and Uehara, 1975.

Laser Stark spectrum Hoy, Johns, et al., 1975; μ_el(2Π1/2,v=0) = 0.157₄ D Hoy, Johns, et al., 1975 (see also 102), μ_el(²Π_1/2,v=1) = 0.1416 D. For ²Π_3/2 the difference μ_el(v=1) - μ_el(v=0) = -0.01735 D was determined.

From pressure-broadened linewidths Tejwani, Golden, et al., 1976 derive a value of Q_m= 2.4E-26 esu cm² Tejwani, Golden, et al., 1976 for the quadrupole moment of NO. Earlier results are reviewed in this paper.

Absorption spectrum of CO laser radiation by NO Richton, 1976, Hanson, Monat, et al., 1976, Garside, Ballik, et al., 1977.

Δv=1 sequence in emission Mantz, Shafer, et al., 1976. Several laser lines have been observed in the P branches of the 6-5, ..., 11-10 bands Deutsch, 1966.

Zeeman effect Mizushima, Cox, et al., 1955, Stark effect Burrus and Graybeal, 1958, both in ²Π_1/2.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

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Richton, R.E., NO line parameters measured by CO laser transmittance, Appl. Opt., 1976, 15, 1686. [all data]

Hanson, Monat, et al., 1976
Hanson, R.K.; Monat, J.P.; Kruger, C.H., Absorption of CO laser radiation by NO, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1976, 16, 705. [all data]

Garside, Ballik, et al., 1977
Garside, B.K.; Ballik, E.A.; Elsherbiny, M.; Shewchun, J., Resonance absorption measurements of NO with a line-tunable CO laser: spectroscopic data for pollution monitoring, Appl. Opt., 1977, 16, 398. [all data]

Mantz, Shafer, et al., 1976
Mantz, A.W.; Shafer, S.A.; Rao, K.N., Emission spectrum of nitric oxide between 5 μm and 7 μm, Appl. Opt., 1976, 15, 599. [all data]

Deutsch, 1966
Deutsch, T.F., No molecular laser, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1966, 9, 295. [all data]

Mizushima, Cox, et al., 1955
Mizushima, M.; Cox, J.T.; Gordy, W., Zeeman effect in the rotational spectrum of NO, Phys. Rev., 1955, 98, 1034. [all data]

Burrus and Graybeal, 1958
Burrus, C.A.; Graybeal, J.D., Stark effect at 2.0 and 1.2 millimeters wavelength: nitric oxide, Phys. Rev., 1958, 109, 1553. [all data]

Mandelman, Carrington, et al., 1973
Mandelman, M.; Carrington, T.; Young, R.A., Predissociation and its inverse, using resonance absorption NO(C²Π) = N + O, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 84. [all data]

Callear and Pilling, 1970, 2
Callear, A.B.; Pilling, M.J., Fluorescence of nitric oxide. Part 7. Quenching rates of NO C²Π(v = O), its rate of radiation to NO A²Σ⁺, energy transfer efficiencies, and mechanisms of predissociation, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1970, 66, 1618. [all data]

Miescher, 1974, 2
Miescher, E., The Rydberg series of the NO molecule converging to the first ionization limit 1340 Å in Vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics, Koch, Haensel, Kunz, ed(s)., Pergamon-Veiweg, Braunschweig, 1974, 61-63. [all data]

Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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