4-tert-Butyltoluene
- Formula: C11H16
- Molecular weight: 148.2447
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QCWXDVFBZVHKLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 98-51-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-; Toluene, p-tert-butyl-; p-tert-Butyltoluene; 1-tert-Butyl-4-Methylbenzene; 1-Methyl-4-tert-butylbenzene; 4-tert-Butyl-1-Methylbenzene; 4-Methyl-tert-butylbenzene; Benzene, 1-methyl-4-tert-butyl-; p-Methyl-tert-butylbenzene; TBT; 4-t-Butyltoluene; 1-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-benzene; p-t-Butyl toluene; NSC 6589
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -57. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Ccb | Brown and Domash, 1956 | Unpublished results |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
View reactions leading to C11H16+ (ion structure unspecified)
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
8.28 ± 0.02 | EI | Orlov, Misharev, et al., 1986 | |
8.12 | PE | Baidin, Misharev, et al., 1985 | |
8.31 | PE | Baidin, Misharev, et al., 1985 | Vertical value |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C10H13+ | 9.6 ± 0.1 | CH3 | EI | Orlov, Misharev, et al., 1986 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 1072. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 1072. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 1085. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 1091. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 140. | 1097. | Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 1072.3 | Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 96. | 1074.7 | Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 100. | 1084.6 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 120. | 1091.3 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 140. | 1097.3 | Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981 | N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 1072.3 | Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 96. | 1074.7 | Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978 | Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 80. | 1069.11 | Soják and Rijks, 1976 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 65. | 1072.2 | Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974 | He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 1075.6 | Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974 | He; Column length: 10.5 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 1076. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1982 | 110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 1097. | Louis, 1971 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 1091.95 | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 90. | 1304.9 | Döring, Estel, et al., 1974 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm |
Capillary | Carbowax 6000 | 90. | 1355.1 | Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974 | He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 1072.5 | Sun and Stremple, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 325. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1101. | Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 1079.5 | Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996 | 8. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 1079. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1073.37 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1077.11 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1079.53 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 1089.21 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 1093.17 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | Ultra-2 | 1095.91 | Haynes and Pitzer, 1985 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 1076. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1981 | 108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 120. | 1091. | Chen and Feng, 2006 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 140. | 1087. | Protic, Svob, et al., 1980 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 95.4 | 1066. | Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978 | H2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 130. | 1088. | Papazova and Pankova, 1975 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 1094. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 1081. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 1091. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1092. | Spieksma, 1999 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1078. | Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1997 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 1076. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | PEG-40M | 100. | 1341. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | PEG-40M | 100. | 1341. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | PEG-40M | 120. | 1353. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | PEG-40M | 140. | 1365. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | PEG-40M | 160. | 1379. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | PEG-40M | 80. | 1329. | Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000 | Column length: 50. m |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 90. | 1305. | Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 1305. | Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 1355. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Brown and Domash, 1956
Brown, H.C.; Domash, L.,
Steric effects in displacement reactions. XI. The heats of reaction of diborane with pyridine bases. Steric strains in homomorphs of o-t-butyltoluene and hemimellitene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1956, 78, 5384-5386. [all data]
Orlov, Misharev, et al., 1986
Orlov, V.; Misharev, A.; Takhistox, V.,
Determination of the enthalpy of formation of para-substituted α,α-dimethyl cations in the gas phase,
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1986, 9, 2006. [all data]
Baidin, Misharev, et al., 1985
Baidin, V.N.; Misharev, A.D.; Takhistov, V.V.,
Effect of alkyl substituents on the ionization potentials of halogenobenzenes,
Zh. Org. Khim., 1985, 21, 817. [all data]
Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J.,
Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions,
Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894
. [all data]
Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M.,
Relationship between molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention of alkylbenzenes C8-C1 2 on polydimethylsiloxane,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1982, 37, 110-116. [all data]
Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982
Macák, J.; Nabivach, V.; Buryan, P.; Sindler, S.,
Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 234, 2, 285-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81867-1
. [all data]
Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M.,
Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions,
J. Chromatogr., 1981, 208, 1, 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87953-4
. [all data]
Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978
Nabivach, V.M.; Bur'yan, P.; Matsak, I.,
Retention indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on a squalane capillary column,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1978, 33, 7, 1108-1113. [all data]
Soják and Rijks, 1976
Soják, L.; Rijks, J.A.,
Capillary gas chromatography of alkylbenzenes. I. Some problems encountered with the precision of the retention indcies of alkylbenzenes,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 505-521, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86812-0
. [all data]
Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974
Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D.,
Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 677-689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97947-6
. [all data]
Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W.,
Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X
. [all data]
Louis, 1971
Louis, R.,
Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen,
Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory,
Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]
Döring, Estel, et al., 1974
Döring, C.E.; Estel, D.; Fischer, R.,
Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10-bis C12-Aromaten,
J. Prakt. Chem., 1974, 316, 1, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102
. [all data]
Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P.,
Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]
Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001
Isidorov, V.A.; Krajewska, U.; Dubis, E.N.; Jdanova, M.A.,
Partition coefficients of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in a hexane-acetonitrile system,
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Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P.,
Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds,
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White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S.,
Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane,
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Haynes and Pitzer, 1985
Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W.,
Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates,
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Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W.,
Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]
Chen and Feng, 2006
Chen, Y.; Feng, C.-I.,
Regerating the spent metal-contaminated cracking catalyst by ozalic acid,
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Protic, Svob, et al., 1980
Protic, G.; Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D.,
Mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic data in hydrocarbon analyse,
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Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978
Sojak, L.; Vigdergauz, M.S.,
Comparison of interpolation methods for the interpretation of retention data in gas chromatography,
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. [all data]
Papazova and Pankova, 1975
Papazova, D.I.; Pankova, M.C.,
Identification of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene fraction (b.p. 150-250 °),
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. [all data]
Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R.,
Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]
Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U,
Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]
Spieksma, 1999
Spieksma, W.,
Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool,
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. [all data]
Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1997
Zenkevich, I.G.; Tsibulskaya, I.A.,
Group identification of organic compounds by gas-chromatographic retention indices and partition coefficients in the hexane-nitromethane system,
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1997, 71, 2, 341-346. [all data]
Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W.,
Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]
Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000
Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S.,
Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M,
Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 2000, 43, 4, 39-45. [all data]
Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997
Sutter, J.M.; Peterson, T.A.; Jurs, P.C.,
Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes,
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. [all data]
Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001
Ivanciuc, O.; Ivanciuc, T.; Klein, D.J.; Seitz, W.A.; Balaban, A.T.,
Quantitative structure-retention relationships for gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes with molecular graph descriptors,
SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 2001, 11, 5-6, 419-452, https://doi.org/10.1080/10629360108035362
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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