Ethane, nitro-
- Formula: C2H5NO2
- Molecular weight: 75.0666
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 79-24-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Nitroethane; C2H5NO2; Nitroetan; UN 2842; NE; Nitroparaffin
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -34.4 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Lebedeva and Ryadenko, 1973 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -34.32 ± 0.26 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Cass, Fletcher, et al., 1958 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -32.3 ± 0.3 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -33.48 ± 0.31 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Holcomb and Dorsey, 1949 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -324.5 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Lebedeva and Ryadenko, 1973 | ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -324.57 ± 0.25 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Cass, Fletcher, et al., 1958 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -326.6 ± 0.3 kcal/mol; ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -325.42 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Holcomb and Dorsey, 1949 | ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
32.079 | 298.15 | Liu and Ziegler, 1966 | T = 80 to 300 K.; DH |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 387.6 ± 0.8 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 183.63 | K | N/A | Toops, 1956 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 183.69 | K | N/A | Liu and Ziegler, 1966 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; based on analysis of melting curve; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 9.94 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | V | Holcomb and Dorsey, 1949 | ALS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.23 | 339. | EB | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 324. to 388. K. See also Toops, 1956, 2 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC |
9.87 | 267. | N/A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 252. to 387. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
390.0 to 459. | 1.74100 | 207.774 | -269.20 | Tolstova, Kogan, et al., 1965 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
252. to 387. | 4.70696 | 1671.266 | -31.963 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.355 | 183.69 | Liu and Ziegler, 1966 | DH |
2.35 | 183.7 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
12.82 | 183.69 | Liu and Ziegler, 1966 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C2H4NO2- + =
By formula: C2H4NO2- + H+ = C2H5NO2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 355.9 ± 2.2 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 357.5 ± 2.9 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 349.5 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 351.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
CAS Reg. No. 34533-65-8 + 2 = C6H15N3O6-
By formula: CAS Reg. No. 34533-65-8 + 2C2H5NO2 = C6H15N3O6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.60 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 6.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
+ = C2H5N2O4-
By formula: NO2- + C2H5NO2 = C2H5N2O4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.80 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 8.90 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C2H5N2O4- + 2 = C4H10N3O6-
By formula: C2H5N2O4- + 2C2H5NO2 = C4H10N3O6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.90 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 6.80 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C4H10N3O6- + 3 = C6H15N4O8-
By formula: C4H10N3O6- + 3C2H5NO2 = C6H15N4O8-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.80 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.00 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C6H15N4O8- + 4 = C8H20N5O10-
By formula: C6H15N4O8- + 4C2H5NO2 = C8H20N5O10-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.00 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C6H15N3O6- + 3 = C8H20N4O8-
By formula: C6H15N3O6- + 3C2H5NO2 = C8H20N4O8-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.60 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C8H20N4O8- + 4 = C10H25N5O10-
By formula: C8H20N4O8- + 4C2H5NO2 = C10H25N5O10-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.90 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.10 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C4H10N2O6- + 2 = C6H15N3O8-
By formula: C4H10N2O6- + 2C2H5NO2 = C6H15N3O8-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.70 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 4.40 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C6H15N3O8- + 3 = C8H20N4O10-
By formula: C6H15N3O8- + 3C2H5NO2 = C8H20N4O10-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.30 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 2.40 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C8H20N4O10- + 4 = C10H25N5O12-
By formula: C8H20N4O10- + 4C2H5NO2 = C10H25N5O12-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10.50 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 0.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C4H8N2O4- + 2 = C6H13N3O6-
By formula: C4H8N2O4- + 2C2H5NO2 = C6H13N3O6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.20 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 5.70 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
C4H9N2O4- + 2 = C6H14N3O6-
By formula: C4H9N2O4- + 2C2H5NO2 = C6H14N3O6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.40 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 6.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H3NO2- + C2H5NO2 = C4H8N2O4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.70 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 8.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H4NO2- + C2H5NO2 = C4H9N2O4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.20 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 9.00 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Wincel, 2004 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H6NO2+ + C2H5NO2 = (C2H6NO2+ • C2H5NO2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 31. | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner, Hunter, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 33. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner, Hunter, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.9 ± 0.05 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 183.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 175.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.92 ± 0.01 | PE | Dewar, Shanshal, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
10.88 ± 0.05 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
11.02 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2H5+ | 11.0 | NO2 | EI | Tsuda and Hamill, 1966 | RDSH |
C2H5O+ | 10.62 ± 0.07 | NO | EI | Solka and Russell, 1974 | LLK |
De-protonation reactions
C2H4NO2- + =
By formula: C2H4NO2- + H+ = C2H5NO2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 355.9 ± 2.2 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 357.5 ± 2.9 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 349.5 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 351.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Cumming and Kebarle, 1978 | gas phase; B |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Lebedeva and Ryadenko, 1973
Lebedeva, N.D.; Ryadenko, V.L.R.,
Enthalpies of formation of nitroalkanes,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1973, 47, 1382. [all data]
Cass, Fletcher, et al., 1958
Cass, R.C.; Fletcher, S.E.; Mortimer, C.T.; Quincey, P.G.; Springall, H.D.,
Heats of combustion and molecular structure. Part IV. Aliphatic nitroalkanes and nitric esters,
J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 958-962. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Holcomb and Dorsey, 1949
Holcomb, D.E.; Dorsey, C.L., Jr.,
Thermodynamic properties of nitroparaffins,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1949, 41, 2788-2792. [all data]
Liu and Ziegler, 1966
Liu, K.F.; Ziegler, W.T.,
Heat capacity from 80° to 300°K., melting point and heat of fusion of nitroethane,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1966, 11, 187-189. [all data]
Toops, 1956
Toops, E.E.,
Physical Properties of High Purity Nitroparaffins,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 304-6. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Toops, 1956, 2
Toops, Emory E.,
Physical Properties of Eight High-Purity Nitroparaffins,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 3, 304-306, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150537a012
. [all data]
Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J.,
Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Tolstova, Kogan, et al., 1965
Tolstova, T.S.; Kogan, V.B.; Skorokhodova, V.L.,
Equilibrium Liquid-Steam in Systems Nitrobensol-Nitromethane, Nitrobensol-Nitroethane,
Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1965, 38, 11, 2617-2618. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr.,
The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]
Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P.,
Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A),
Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]
Wincel, 2004
Wincel, H.,
Gas-phase clustering reactions of NO2-, C2H3NO2-, C2H4NO2-C2H5NO2- and C2H5NO4- with C2H5NO2,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2004, 232, 2, 185-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.01.003
. [all data]
Meot-Ner, Hunter, et al., 1979
Meot-Ner, (Mautner); Hunter, E.P.; Field, F.H.,
Ion Thermochemistry of Low Volatility Compounds in the Gas Phase. I. Intrinsic Basicities of Alpha - Amino Acids,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 3, 686, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00497a034
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Dewar, Shanshal, et al., 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Shanshal, M.; Worley, S.D.,
Calculated and observed ionization potentials gf nitroalkanes and of nitrous and nitric acids and esters. Extension of the MINDO method to nitrogen-oxygen compounds,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 3590. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Tsuda and Hamill, 1966
Tsuda, S.; Hamill, W.H.,
Ionization efficiency measurements by the retarding potential difference method,
Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1966, 3, 249. [all data]
Solka and Russell, 1974
Solka, B.H.; Russell, M.E.,
Energetics of formation of some structural isomers of gaseous C2H5O+ C2H6N+ ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1268. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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