Dimethyl ether

• Formula: C₂H₆O
• Molecular weight: 46.0684
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-3-2/h1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 115-10-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • (CD3)2O
• Other names: Methane, oxybis-; Methyl ether; Methoxymethane; Wood ether; Oxybismethane; (CH3)2O; Ether, dimethyl; Ether, methyl; UN 1033; Dimethyl oxide; Dymel A; Dymel; Demeon D; DME; Methane, 1,1'-oxybis-
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 52
  • Henry's Law data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₂H₆O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₂H₅O^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₅O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆O

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

(CH₅O⁺ • ) +  = (CH₅O⁺ •  • )

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (CH₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(CH₅O⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₅O⁺ •  • 2)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 2CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (CH₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(CH₅O⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₅O⁺ •  • 3)

By formula: (CH₅O⁺ • 3CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (CH₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

CH₅O⁺ +  = (CH₅O⁺ • )

By formula: CH₅O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (CH₅O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

CH₆N⁺ +  = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₂H₆O = (CH₆N⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 2CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3CH₄O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 3CH₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₂H₇O⁺ +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ •  • ) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2C₂H₆O • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ •  • 2) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 2H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2C₂H₆O • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2 • ) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3 • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2C₂H₆O • H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3C₂H₆O • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds between protonated and neutral organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • )

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 2H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

(C₂H₇O⁺ • 3) +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ •  • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₇O⁺ • 3H₂O) + C₂H₆O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₆O • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₃H₇O₂⁺ +  = (C₃H₇O₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇O₂⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₃H₇O₂⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₄H₉O₂⁺ +  = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉O₂⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₄H₉O₂⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ +  = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ + C₂H₆O = (C₁₀H₁₀Fe⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = C₂H₆ClO^-

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₆O = C₂H₆ClO^-

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cs⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Cs⁺ • C₂H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cs⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cs⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Cs⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cs⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cu⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Cu⁺ • 4C₂H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + C₂H₆O = (K⁺ • C₂H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (K⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (K⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (K⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (K⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (K⁺ • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (K⁺ • 4C₂H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Li⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Li⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Li⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Li⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Li⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Li⁺ • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Li⁺ • 4C₂H₆O)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Na⁺ • 4C₂H₆O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Rb⁺ + C₂H₆O = (Rb⁺ • C₂H₆O)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Rb⁺ • C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Rb⁺ • 2C₂H₆O)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Rb⁺ • 2C₂H₆O) + C₂H₆O = (Rb⁺ • 3C₂H₆O)

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS; DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS)
  2, 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_2ν     Symmetry Number σ = 2

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Butler, Holland, et al., 1984
Butler, J.J.; Holland, D.M.P.; Parr, A.C.; Stockbauer, R., A threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectrometric study of dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃), Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 1. [all data]

Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A., Low energy, low temperature mass spectra, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Aue, Webb, et al., 1980
Aue, D.H.; Webb, H.M.; Davidson, W.R.; Vidal, M.; Bowers, M.T.; Goldwhite, H.; Vertal, L.E.; Douglas, J.E.; Kollman, P.A.; Kenyon, G.L., Proton affinities photoelectron spectra of three-membered-ring J. Heterocycl. Chem., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 5151. [all data]

Aue and Bowers, 1979
Aue, D.H.; Bowers, M.T., Chapter 9. Stabilities of positive ions from equilibrium gas phase basicity measurements in Ions Chemistry,, ed. M.T. Bowers, 1979. [all data]

Botter, Pechine, et al., 1977
Botter, R.; Pechine, J.M.; Rosenstock, H.M., Photoionization of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1977, 25, 7. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Ivko, 1970
Ivko, A.A., Use of mass spectroscopy and isotope labelling for determining the structure of ions and molecules, Org. Katal., 1970, 20. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Hernandez, 1963
Hernandez, G.J., Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum of dimethyl ether, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 1644. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Bajic, Humski, et al., 1985
Bajic, M.; Humski, K.; Klasinc, L.; Ruscic, B., Substitution effects on electronic structure of thiophene, Z. Naturforsch. B:, 1985, 40, 1214. [all data]

Bieri, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 27, 129. [all data]

Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 1216. [all data]

Carnovale, Livett, et al., 1980
Carnovale, F.; Livett, M.K.; Peel, J.B., The photoelectron spectrum of the dimethyl ether-hydrogen chloride complex, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 569. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Aue, Webb, et al., 1975
Aue, D.H.; Webb, H.M.; Bowers, M.T., Proton affinities, ionization potentials, and hydrogen affinities of nitrogen and oxygen bases. Hybridization effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 4137. [all data]

Bock, Mollere, et al., 1973
Bock, H.; Mollere, P.; Becker, G.; Fritz, G., Photoelectron spectra molecular properties. XX. Dimethyl ether, methoxysilane, and disiloxane, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 61, 113. [all data]

Cradock and Whiteford, 1972
Cradock, S.; Whiteford, R.A., Photoelectron spectra of the methyl, silyl and germyl derivatives of the group VI elements, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 281. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1969
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Excess energies in mass spectra of some oxygen-containing organic compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1969, 65, 1794. [all data]

Lossing, 1977
Lossing, F.P., Heats of formation of some isomeric [C_nH_2n+1]⁺ ions. Substitutional effects on ion stability, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7526. [all data]

Solka and Russell, 1974
Solka, B.H.; Russell, M.E., Energetics of formation of some structural isomers of gaseous C₂H₅O⁺ C₂H₆N⁺ ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1268. [all data]

Finney and Harrison, 1972
Finney, C.D.; Harrison, A.G., A third-derivative method for determining electron-impact onset potentials, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 221. [all data]

Martin, Lampe, et al., 1966
Martin, R.H.; Lampe, F.W.; Taft, R.W., An electron-impact study of ionization and dissociation in methoxy- and halogen- substituted methanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 1353. [all data]

DePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1984
DePuy, C.H.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., Relative Gas-Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 4051. [all data]

Hiraoka, Grimsrud, et al., 1974
Hiraoka, K.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Hydrogen Ion in Water - Dimethyl Ether and Methanol - Dimethyl Ether Mixtures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 11, 3359, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00818a004 . [all data]

Meot-Ner, 1984
Meot-Ner, (Mautner)M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 1. -NH+ O-, -NH+ N- and -OH+ O- Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Deviations Due to Structural Effects, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1257, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a015 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

Tholman, Tonner, et al., 1994
Tholman, D.; Tonner, D.S.; McMahon, T.B., Spontaneous Unimolecular Dissociation of Small Cluster Ions, (H3O)+(L)n and Cl-(H2O)n (n = 2-4), under Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Conditions, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 8, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100059a002 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1982
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
Lias, S.G.; Liebman, J.F.; Levin, R.D., Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules heats of formation of protonated molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1984, 13, 695. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ion DChemistry of Ferrocene. Thermochemistry of Ionization and Protonation and Solvent Clustering. Slow and Entropy - Driven Proton - Transfer Kinetics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 8, 2830, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a014 . [all data]

Bogdanov, Lee, et al., 2001
Bogdanov, B.; Lee, H.J.S.; McMahon, T.B., Influence of fluorine substitution on the structures and thermochemistry of chloride ion-ether complexes in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 210, 387-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00404-3 . [all data]

Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Koizumi, 2001
Koizumi, H., Collision-Induced Dissociation and Theoretical Studies of Cu+-Dimethyl Ether Complexes, J.Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 11, 2444, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp003509p . [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Binding Energies and Stabilities of Potassium Ion Complexes with Ethylene Diamine and Dimethoxyethane (Glyme) from Measurements of the Complexing Equilibria in the Gas Phase, Can. J. Chem., 1976, 54, 16, 2594, https://doi.org/10.1139/v76-368 . [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976, 2
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Binding Energies and Stabilities of Potassium Ion Complexes from Studies of Gas Phase Ion Equilibria K+ + M = K+.M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6133, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a011 . [all data]

Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978
Woodin, R.L.; Beauchamp, J.L., Bonding of Li+ to Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase. Reversals in Methyl Substituent Effects for Different Reference Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2, 501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a024 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

More, Gledening, et al., 1996
More, M.B.; Gledening, E.D.; Ray, D.; Feller, D.; Armentrout, P.B., Cation-Ether Complexes in the Gas Phase: Bond Dissociation Energies and Equilibrium Structures of Li+[O(CH3)2]x, x=1-4, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 5, 1605, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9523175 . [all data]

Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001
Amicangelo, J.C.; Armentrout, P.B., Relative and Absolute Bond Dissociation Energies of Sodium Cation Complexes Determined Using Competitive Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 212, 1-3, 301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00494-8 . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

More, Ray, et al., 1997
More, M.B.; Ray, D.; Armentrout, P.B., Cation-ether complexes in the gas phase: Bond dissociation energies of Na+(dimethyl ether)(x), x=1-4; Na+(1,2-dimethoxyethane)(x), x=1 and 2; and Na+(12-crown-4), J. Phys. Chem. AJOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 101 (5): 831-839 JAN 30 1997, 1997, 101, 831. [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Becerra, Sánchez, et al., 1982
Becerra, M.R.; Sánchez, E.F.; Domínguez, J.A.G.; Muñoz, J.G.; Molera, M.J., The use of gaseous and liquid n-paraffins in GC identification of oxidation products of acetondimethyl acetal, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1982, 20, 8, 363-366, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/20.8.363 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Golovnya and Garbuzov, 1974
Golovnya, R.V.; Garbuzov, V.G., Effect of heteroatom in aliphatic sulfur- and oxygen-containing compounds on the values of the retention indices in gas chromatography, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1974, 7, 1519-1521. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006
Sun, L.; Siepmann, J.I.; Klotz, W.L.; Schure, M.R., retention in gas-liquid chromatography with a polyethylene oxide stationary phase: molecular simulation and experiment, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1126, 1-2, 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.084 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  T	Temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.